[osm/LCM.git] / osm_lcm / ns.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

##
# Copyright 2018 Telefonica S.A.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
# not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
# a copy of the License at
#
#         http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
# WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
# License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
# under the License.
##

import asyncio
import shutil
from typing import Any, Dict, List
import yaml
import logging
import logging.handlers
import traceback
import ipaddress
import json
from jinja2 import (
    Environment,
    TemplateError,
    TemplateNotFound,
    StrictUndefined,
    UndefinedError,
    select_autoescape,
)

from osm_lcm import ROclient
from osm_lcm.data_utils.lcm_config import LcmCfg
from osm_lcm.data_utils.nsr import (
    get_deployed_kdu,
    get_deployed_vca,
    get_deployed_vca_list,
    get_nsd,
)
from osm_lcm.data_utils.vca import (
    DeployedComponent,
    DeployedK8sResource,
    DeployedVCA,
    EELevel,
    Relation,
    EERelation,
    safe_get_ee_relation,
)
from osm_lcm.ng_ro import NgRoClient, NgRoException
from osm_lcm.lcm_utils import (
    LcmException,
    LcmBase,
    deep_get,
    get_iterable,
    populate_dict,
    check_juju_bundle_existence,
    get_charm_artifact_path,
    get_ee_id_parts,
    vld_to_ro_ip_profile,
)
from osm_lcm.data_utils.nsd import (
    get_ns_configuration_relation_list,
    get_vnf_profile,
    get_vnf_profiles,
)
from osm_lcm.data_utils.vnfd import (
    get_kdu,
    get_kdu_services,
    get_relation_list,
    get_vdu_list,
    get_vdu_profile,
    get_ee_sorted_initial_config_primitive_list,
    get_ee_sorted_terminate_config_primitive_list,
    get_kdu_list,
    get_virtual_link_profiles,
    get_vdu,
    get_configuration,
    get_vdu_index,
    get_scaling_aspect,
    get_number_of_instances,
    get_juju_ee_ref,
    get_kdu_resource_profile,
    find_software_version,
    check_helm_ee_in_ns,
)
from osm_lcm.data_utils.list_utils import find_in_list
from osm_lcm.data_utils.vnfr import (
    get_osm_params,
    get_vdur_index,
    get_kdur,
    get_volumes_from_instantiation_params,
)
from osm_lcm.data_utils.dict_utils import parse_yaml_strings
from osm_lcm.data_utils.database.vim_account import VimAccountDB
from n2vc.definitions import RelationEndpoint
from n2vc.k8s_helm3_conn import K8sHelm3Connector
from n2vc.k8s_juju_conn import K8sJujuConnector

from osm_common.dbbase import DbException
from osm_common.fsbase import FsException

from osm_lcm.data_utils.database.database import Database
from osm_lcm.data_utils.filesystem.filesystem import Filesystem
from osm_lcm.data_utils.wim import (
    get_sdn_ports,
    get_target_wim_attrs,
    select_feasible_wim_account,
)

from n2vc.n2vc_juju_conn import N2VCJujuConnector
from n2vc.exceptions import N2VCException, N2VCNotFound, K8sException

from osm_lcm.lcm_helm_conn import LCMHelmConn
from osm_lcm.osm_config import OsmConfigBuilder
from osm_lcm.prometheus import parse_job

from copy import copy, deepcopy
from time import time
from uuid import uuid4

from random import SystemRandom

__author__ = "Alfonso Tierno <alfonso.tiernosepulveda@telefonica.com>"


class NsLcm(LcmBase):
    SUBOPERATION_STATUS_NOT_FOUND = -1
    SUBOPERATION_STATUS_NEW = -2
    SUBOPERATION_STATUS_SKIP = -3
    EE_TLS_NAME = "ee-tls"
    task_name_deploy_vca = "Deploying VCA"
    rel_operation_types = {
        "GE": ">=",
        "LE": "<=",
        "GT": ">",
        "LT": "<",
        "EQ": "==",
        "NE": "!=",
    }

    def __init__(self, msg, lcm_tasks, config: LcmCfg):
        """
        Init, Connect to database, filesystem storage, and messaging
        :param config: two level dictionary with configuration. Top level should contain 'database', 'storage',
        :return: None
        """
        super().__init__(msg=msg, logger=logging.getLogger("lcm.ns"))

        self.db = Database().instance.db
        self.fs = Filesystem().instance.fs
        self.lcm_tasks = lcm_tasks
        self.timeout = config.timeout
        self.ro_config = config.RO
        self.vca_config = config.VCA

        # create N2VC connector
        self.n2vc = N2VCJujuConnector(
            log=self.logger,
            on_update_db=self._on_update_n2vc_db,
            fs=self.fs,
            db=self.db,
        )

        self.conn_helm_ee = LCMHelmConn(
            log=self.logger,
            vca_config=self.vca_config,
            on_update_db=self._on_update_n2vc_db,
        )

        self.k8sclusterhelm3 = K8sHelm3Connector(
            kubectl_command=self.vca_config.kubectlpath,
            helm_command=self.vca_config.helm3path,
            fs=self.fs,
            log=self.logger,
            db=self.db,
            on_update_db=None,
        )

        self.k8sclusterjuju = K8sJujuConnector(
            kubectl_command=self.vca_config.kubectlpath,
            juju_command=self.vca_config.jujupath,
            log=self.logger,
            on_update_db=self._on_update_k8s_db,
            fs=self.fs,
            db=self.db,
        )

        self.k8scluster_map = {
            "helm-chart-v3": self.k8sclusterhelm3,
            "chart": self.k8sclusterhelm3,
            "juju-bundle": self.k8sclusterjuju,
            "juju": self.k8sclusterjuju,
        }

        self.vca_map = {
            "lxc_proxy_charm": self.n2vc,
            "native_charm": self.n2vc,
            "k8s_proxy_charm": self.n2vc,
            "helm": self.conn_helm_ee,
            "helm-v3": self.conn_helm_ee,
        }

        # create RO client
        self.RO = NgRoClient(**self.ro_config.to_dict())

        self.op_status_map = {
            "instantiation": self.RO.status,
            "termination": self.RO.status,
            "migrate": self.RO.status,
            "healing": self.RO.recreate_status,
            "verticalscale": self.RO.status,
            "start_stop_rebuild": self.RO.status,
        }

    @staticmethod
    def increment_ip_mac(ip_mac, vm_index=1):
        if not isinstance(ip_mac, str):
            return ip_mac
        try:
            next_ipv6 = None
            next_ipv4 = None
            dual_ip = ip_mac.split(";")
            if len(dual_ip) == 2:
                for ip in dual_ip:
                    if ipaddress.ip_address(ip).version == 6:
                        ipv6 = ipaddress.IPv6Address(ip)
                        next_ipv6 = str(ipaddress.IPv6Address(int(ipv6) + 1))
                    elif ipaddress.ip_address(ip).version == 4:
                        ipv4 = ipaddress.IPv4Address(ip)
                        next_ipv4 = str(ipaddress.IPv4Address(int(ipv4) + 1))
                return [next_ipv4, next_ipv6]
            # try with ipv4 look for last dot
            i = ip_mac.rfind(".")
            if i > 0:
                i += 1
                return "{}{}".format(ip_mac[:i], int(ip_mac[i:]) + vm_index)
            # try with ipv6 or mac look for last colon. Operate in hex
            i = ip_mac.rfind(":")
            if i > 0:
                i += 1
                # format in hex, len can be 2 for mac or 4 for ipv6
                return ("{}{:0" + str(len(ip_mac) - i) + "x}").format(
                    ip_mac[:i], int(ip_mac[i:], 16) + vm_index
                )
        except Exception:
            pass
        return None

    async def _on_update_n2vc_db(self, table, filter, path, updated_data, vca_id=None):
        # remove last dot from path (if exists)
        if path.endswith("."):
            path = path[:-1]

        # self.logger.debug('_on_update_n2vc_db(table={}, filter={}, path={}, updated_data={}'
        #                   .format(table, filter, path, updated_data))
        try:
            nsr_id = filter.get("_id")

            # read ns record from database
            nsr = self.db.get_one(table="nsrs", q_filter=filter)
            current_ns_status = nsr.get("nsState")

            # get vca status for NS
            status_dict = await self.n2vc.get_status(
                namespace="." + nsr_id, yaml_format=False, vca_id=vca_id
            )

            # vcaStatus
            db_dict = dict()
            db_dict["vcaStatus"] = status_dict

            # update configurationStatus for this VCA
            try:
                vca_index = int(path[path.rfind(".") + 1 :])

                vca_list = deep_get(
                    target_dict=nsr, key_list=("_admin", "deployed", "VCA")
                )
                vca_status = vca_list[vca_index].get("status")

                configuration_status_list = nsr.get("configurationStatus")
                config_status = configuration_status_list[vca_index].get("status")

                if config_status == "BROKEN" and vca_status != "failed":
                    db_dict["configurationStatus"][vca_index] = "READY"
                elif config_status != "BROKEN" and vca_status == "failed":
                    db_dict["configurationStatus"][vca_index] = "BROKEN"
            except Exception as e:
                # not update configurationStatus
                self.logger.debug("Error updating vca_index (ignore): {}".format(e))

            # if nsState = 'READY' check if juju is reporting some error => nsState = 'DEGRADED'
            # if nsState = 'DEGRADED' check if all is OK
            is_degraded = False
            if current_ns_status in ("READY", "DEGRADED"):
                error_description = ""
                # check machines
                if status_dict.get("machines"):
                    for machine_id in status_dict.get("machines"):
                        machine = status_dict.get("machines").get(machine_id)
                        # check machine agent-status
                        if machine.get("agent-status"):
                            s = machine.get("agent-status").get("status")
                            if s != "started":
                                is_degraded = True
                                error_description += (
                                    "machine {} agent-status={} ; ".format(
                                        machine_id, s
                                    )
                                )
                        # check machine instance status
                        if machine.get("instance-status"):
                            s = machine.get("instance-status").get("status")
                            if s != "running":
                                is_degraded = True
                                error_description += (
                                    "machine {} instance-status={} ; ".format(
                                        machine_id, s
                                    )
                                )
                # check applications
                if status_dict.get("applications"):
                    for app_id in status_dict.get("applications"):
                        app = status_dict.get("applications").get(app_id)
                        # check application status
                        if app.get("status"):
                            s = app.get("status").get("status")
                            if s != "active":
                                is_degraded = True
                                error_description += (
                                    "application {} status={} ; ".format(app_id, s)
                                )

                if error_description:
                    db_dict["errorDescription"] = error_description
                if current_ns_status == "READY" and is_degraded:
                    db_dict["nsState"] = "DEGRADED"
                if current_ns_status == "DEGRADED" and not is_degraded:
                    db_dict["nsState"] = "READY"

            # write to database
            self.update_db_2("nsrs", nsr_id, db_dict)

        except (asyncio.CancelledError, asyncio.TimeoutError):
            raise
        except Exception as e:
            self.logger.warn("Error updating NS state for ns={}: {}".format(nsr_id, e))

    async def _on_update_k8s_db(
        self, cluster_uuid, kdu_instance, filter=None, vca_id=None, cluster_type="juju"
    ):
        """
        Updating vca status in NSR record
        :param cluster_uuid: UUID of a k8s cluster
        :param kdu_instance: The unique name of the KDU instance
        :param filter: To get nsr_id
        :cluster_type: The cluster type (juju, k8s)
        :return: none
        """

        # self.logger.debug("_on_update_k8s_db(cluster_uuid={}, kdu_instance={}, filter={}"
        #                   .format(cluster_uuid, kdu_instance, filter))

        nsr_id = filter.get("_id")
        try:
            vca_status = await self.k8scluster_map[cluster_type].status_kdu(
                cluster_uuid=cluster_uuid,
                kdu_instance=kdu_instance,
                yaml_format=False,
                complete_status=True,
                vca_id=vca_id,
            )

            # vcaStatus
            db_dict = dict()
            db_dict["vcaStatus"] = {nsr_id: vca_status}

            self.logger.debug(
                f"Obtained VCA status for cluster type '{cluster_type}': {vca_status}"
            )

            # write to database
            self.update_db_2("nsrs", nsr_id, db_dict)
        except (asyncio.CancelledError, asyncio.TimeoutError):
            raise
        except Exception as e:
            self.logger.warn("Error updating NS state for ns={}: {}".format(nsr_id, e))

    @staticmethod
    def _parse_cloud_init(cloud_init_text, additional_params, vnfd_id, vdu_id):
        try:
            env = Environment(
                undefined=StrictUndefined,
                autoescape=select_autoescape(default_for_string=True, default=True),
            )
            template = env.from_string(cloud_init_text)
            return template.render(additional_params or {})
        except UndefinedError as e:
            raise LcmException(
                "Variable {} at vnfd[id={}]:vdu[id={}]:cloud-init/cloud-init-"
                "file, must be provided in the instantiation parameters inside the "
                "'additionalParamsForVnf/Vdu' block".format(e, vnfd_id, vdu_id)
            )
        except (TemplateError, TemplateNotFound) as e:
            raise LcmException(
                "Error parsing Jinja2 to cloud-init content at vnfd[id={}]:vdu[id={}]: {}".format(
                    vnfd_id, vdu_id, e
                )
            )

    def _get_vdu_cloud_init_content(self, vdu, vnfd):
        cloud_init_content = cloud_init_file = None
        try:
            if vdu.get("cloud-init-file"):
                base_folder = vnfd["_admin"]["storage"]
                if base_folder["pkg-dir"]:
                    cloud_init_file = "{}/{}/cloud_init/{}".format(
                        base_folder["folder"],
                        base_folder["pkg-dir"],
                        vdu["cloud-init-file"],
                    )
                else:
                    cloud_init_file = "{}/Scripts/cloud_init/{}".format(
                        base_folder["folder"],
                        vdu["cloud-init-file"],
                    )
                with self.fs.file_open(cloud_init_file, "r") as ci_file:
                    cloud_init_content = ci_file.read()
            elif vdu.get("cloud-init"):
                cloud_init_content = vdu["cloud-init"]

            return cloud_init_content
        except FsException as e:
            raise LcmException(
                "Error reading vnfd[id={}]:vdu[id={}]:cloud-init-file={}: {}".format(
                    vnfd["id"], vdu["id"], cloud_init_file, e
                )
            )

    def _get_vdu_additional_params(self, db_vnfr, vdu_id):
        vdur = next(
            (vdur for vdur in db_vnfr.get("vdur") if vdu_id == vdur["vdu-id-ref"]), {}
        )
        additional_params = vdur.get("additionalParams")
        return parse_yaml_strings(additional_params)

    @staticmethod
    def ip_profile_2_RO(ip_profile):
        RO_ip_profile = deepcopy(ip_profile)
        if "dns-server" in RO_ip_profile:
            if isinstance(RO_ip_profile["dns-server"], list):
                RO_ip_profile["dns-address"] = []
                for ds in RO_ip_profile.pop("dns-server"):
                    RO_ip_profile["dns-address"].append(ds["address"])
            else:
                RO_ip_profile["dns-address"] = RO_ip_profile.pop("dns-server")
        if RO_ip_profile.get("ip-version") == "ipv4":
            RO_ip_profile["ip-version"] = "IPv4"
        if RO_ip_profile.get("ip-version") == "ipv6":
            RO_ip_profile["ip-version"] = "IPv6"
        if "dhcp-params" in RO_ip_profile:
            RO_ip_profile["dhcp"] = RO_ip_profile.pop("dhcp-params")
        return RO_ip_profile

    def scale_vnfr(self, db_vnfr, vdu_create=None, vdu_delete=None, mark_delete=False):
        db_vdu_push_list = []
        template_vdur = []
        db_update = {"_admin.modified": time()}
        if vdu_create:
            for vdu_id, vdu_count in vdu_create.items():
                vdur = next(
                    (
                        vdur
                        for vdur in reversed(db_vnfr["vdur"])
                        if vdur["vdu-id-ref"] == vdu_id
                    ),
                    None,
                )
                if not vdur:
                    # Read the template saved in the db:
                    self.logger.debug(
                        "No vdur in the database. Using the vdur-template to scale"
                    )
                    vdur_template = db_vnfr.get("vdur-template")
                    if not vdur_template:
                        raise LcmException(
                            "Error scaling OUT VNFR for {}. No vnfr or template exists".format(
                                vdu_id
                            )
                        )
                    vdur = vdur_template[0]
                    # Delete a template from the database after using it
                    self.db.set_one(
                        "vnfrs",
                        {"_id": db_vnfr["_id"]},
                        None,
                        pull={"vdur-template": {"_id": vdur["_id"]}},
                    )
                for count in range(vdu_count):
                    vdur_copy = deepcopy(vdur)
                    vdur_copy["status"] = "BUILD"
                    vdur_copy["status-detailed"] = None
                    vdur_copy["ip-address"] = None
                    vdur_copy["_id"] = str(uuid4())
                    vdur_copy["count-index"] += count + 1
                    vdur_copy["id"] = "{}-{}".format(
                        vdur_copy["vdu-id-ref"], vdur_copy["count-index"]
                    )
                    vdur_copy.pop("vim_info", None)
                    for iface in vdur_copy["interfaces"]:
                        if iface.get("fixed-ip"):
                            iface["ip-address"] = self.increment_ip_mac(
                                iface["ip-address"], count + 1
                            )
                        else:
                            iface.pop("ip-address", None)
                        if iface.get("fixed-mac"):
                            iface["mac-address"] = self.increment_ip_mac(
                                iface["mac-address"], count + 1
                            )
                        else:
                            iface.pop("mac-address", None)
                        if db_vnfr["vdur"]:
                            iface.pop(
                                "mgmt_vnf", None
                            )  # only first vdu can be managment of vnf
                    db_vdu_push_list.append(vdur_copy)
                    # self.logger.debug("scale out, adding vdu={}".format(vdur_copy))
        if vdu_delete:
            if len(db_vnfr["vdur"]) == 1:
                # The scale will move to 0 instances
                self.logger.debug(
                    "Scaling to 0 !, creating the template with the last vdur"
                )
                template_vdur = [db_vnfr["vdur"][0]]
            for vdu_id, vdu_count in vdu_delete.items():
                if mark_delete:
                    indexes_to_delete = [
                        iv[0]
                        for iv in enumerate(db_vnfr["vdur"])
                        if iv[1]["vdu-id-ref"] == vdu_id
                    ]
                    db_update.update(
                        {
                            "vdur.{}.status".format(i): "DELETING"
                            for i in indexes_to_delete[-vdu_count:]
                        }
                    )
                else:
                    # it must be deleted one by one because common.db does not allow otherwise
                    vdus_to_delete = [
                        v
                        for v in reversed(db_vnfr["vdur"])
                        if v["vdu-id-ref"] == vdu_id
                    ]
                    for vdu in vdus_to_delete[:vdu_count]:
                        self.db.set_one(
                            "vnfrs",
                            {"_id": db_vnfr["_id"]},
                            None,
                            pull={"vdur": {"_id": vdu["_id"]}},
                        )
        db_push = {}
        if db_vdu_push_list:
            db_push["vdur"] = db_vdu_push_list
        if template_vdur:
            db_push["vdur-template"] = template_vdur
        if not db_push:
            db_push = None
        db_vnfr["vdur-template"] = template_vdur
        self.db.set_one("vnfrs", {"_id": db_vnfr["_id"]}, db_update, push_list=db_push)
        # modify passed dictionary db_vnfr
        db_vnfr_ = self.db.get_one("vnfrs", {"_id": db_vnfr["_id"]})
        db_vnfr["vdur"] = db_vnfr_["vdur"]

    def ns_update_nsr(self, ns_update_nsr, db_nsr, nsr_desc_RO):
        """
        Updates database nsr with the RO info for the created vld
        :param ns_update_nsr: dictionary to be filled with the updated info
        :param db_nsr: content of db_nsr. This is also modified
        :param nsr_desc_RO: nsr descriptor from RO
        :return: Nothing, LcmException is raised on errors
        """

        for vld_index, vld in enumerate(get_iterable(db_nsr, "vld")):
            for net_RO in get_iterable(nsr_desc_RO, "nets"):
                if vld["id"] != net_RO.get("ns_net_osm_id"):
                    continue
                vld["vim-id"] = net_RO.get("vim_net_id")
                vld["name"] = net_RO.get("vim_name")
                vld["status"] = net_RO.get("status")
                vld["status-detailed"] = net_RO.get("error_msg")
                ns_update_nsr["vld.{}".format(vld_index)] = vld
                break
            else:
                raise LcmException(
                    "ns_update_nsr: Not found vld={} at RO info".format(vld["id"])
                )

    def set_vnfr_at_error(self, db_vnfrs, error_text):
        try:
            for db_vnfr in db_vnfrs.values():
                vnfr_update = {"status": "ERROR"}
                for vdu_index, vdur in enumerate(get_iterable(db_vnfr, "vdur")):
                    if "status" not in vdur:
                        vdur["status"] = "ERROR"
                        vnfr_update["vdur.{}.status".format(vdu_index)] = "ERROR"
                        if error_text:
                            vdur["status-detailed"] = str(error_text)
                            vnfr_update[
                                "vdur.{}.status-detailed".format(vdu_index)
                            ] = "ERROR"
                self.update_db_2("vnfrs", db_vnfr["_id"], vnfr_update)
        except DbException as e:
            self.logger.error("Cannot update vnf. {}".format(e))

    def _get_ns_config_info(self, nsr_id):
        """
        Generates a mapping between vnf,vdu elements and the N2VC id
        :param nsr_id: id of nsr to get last  database _admin.deployed.VCA that contains this list
        :return: a dictionary with {osm-config-mapping: {}} where its element contains:
            "<member-vnf-index>": <N2VC-id>  for a vnf configuration, or
            "<member-vnf-index>.<vdu.id>.<vdu replica(0, 1,..)>": <N2VC-id>  for a vdu configuration
        """
        db_nsr = self.db.get_one("nsrs", {"_id": nsr_id})
        vca_deployed_list = db_nsr["_admin"]["deployed"]["VCA"]
        mapping = {}
        ns_config_info = {"osm-config-mapping": mapping}
        for vca in vca_deployed_list:
            if not vca["member-vnf-index"]:
                continue
            if not vca["vdu_id"]:
                mapping[vca["member-vnf-index"]] = vca["application"]
            else:
                mapping[
                    "{}.{}.{}".format(
                        vca["member-vnf-index"], vca["vdu_id"], vca["vdu_count_index"]
                    )
                ] = vca["application"]
        return ns_config_info

    async def _instantiate_ng_ro(
        self,
        logging_text,
        nsr_id,
        nsd,
        db_nsr,
        db_nslcmop,
        db_vnfrs,
        db_vnfds,
        n2vc_key_list,
        stage,
        start_deploy,
        timeout_ns_deploy,
    ):
        db_vims = {}

        def get_vim_account(vim_account_id):
            nonlocal db_vims
            if vim_account_id in db_vims:
                return db_vims[vim_account_id]
            db_vim = self.db.get_one("vim_accounts", {"_id": vim_account_id})
            db_vims[vim_account_id] = db_vim
            return db_vim

        # modify target_vld info with instantiation parameters
        def parse_vld_instantiation_params(
            target_vim, target_vld, vld_params, target_sdn
        ):
            if vld_params.get("ip-profile"):
                target_vld["vim_info"][target_vim]["ip_profile"] = vld_to_ro_ip_profile(
                    vld_params["ip-profile"]
                )
            if vld_params.get("provider-network"):
                target_vld["vim_info"][target_vim]["provider_network"] = vld_params[
                    "provider-network"
                ]
                if "sdn-ports" in vld_params["provider-network"] and target_sdn:
                    target_vld["vim_info"][target_sdn]["sdn-ports"] = vld_params[
                        "provider-network"
                    ]["sdn-ports"]

            # check if WIM is needed; if needed, choose a feasible WIM able to connect VIMs
            # if wim_account_id is specified in vld_params, validate if it is feasible.
            wim_account_id, db_wim = select_feasible_wim_account(
                db_nsr, db_vnfrs, target_vld, vld_params, self.logger
            )

            if wim_account_id:
                # WIM is needed and a feasible one was found, populate WIM target and SDN ports
                self.logger.info("WIM selected: {:s}".format(str(wim_account_id)))
                # update vld_params with correct WIM account Id
                vld_params["wimAccountId"] = wim_account_id

                target_wim = "wim:{}".format(wim_account_id)
                target_wim_attrs = get_target_wim_attrs(nsr_id, target_vld, vld_params)
                sdn_ports = get_sdn_ports(vld_params, db_wim)
                if len(sdn_ports) > 0:
                    target_vld["vim_info"][target_wim] = target_wim_attrs
                    target_vld["vim_info"][target_wim]["sdn-ports"] = sdn_ports

                self.logger.debug(
                    "Target VLD with WIM data: {:s}".format(str(target_vld))
                )

            for param in ("vim-network-name", "vim-network-id"):
                if vld_params.get(param):
                    if isinstance(vld_params[param], dict):
                        for vim, vim_net in vld_params[param].items():
                            other_target_vim = "vim:" + vim
                            populate_dict(
                                target_vld["vim_info"],
                                (other_target_vim, param.replace("-", "_")),
                                vim_net,
                            )
                    else:  # isinstance str
                        target_vld["vim_info"][target_vim][
                            param.replace("-", "_")
                        ] = vld_params[param]
            if vld_params.get("common_id"):
                target_vld["common_id"] = vld_params.get("common_id")

        # modify target["ns"]["vld"] with instantiation parameters to override vnf vim-account
        def update_ns_vld_target(target, ns_params):
            for vnf_params in ns_params.get("vnf", ()):
                if vnf_params.get("vimAccountId"):
                    target_vnf = next(
                        (
                            vnfr
                            for vnfr in db_vnfrs.values()
                            if vnf_params["member-vnf-index"]
                            == vnfr["member-vnf-index-ref"]
                        ),
                        None,
                    )
                    vdur = next((vdur for vdur in target_vnf.get("vdur", ())), None)
                    if not vdur:
                        continue
                    for a_index, a_vld in enumerate(target["ns"]["vld"]):
                        target_vld = find_in_list(
                            get_iterable(vdur, "interfaces"),
                            lambda iface: iface.get("ns-vld-id") == a_vld["name"],
                        )

                        vld_params = find_in_list(
                            get_iterable(ns_params, "vld"),
                            lambda v_vld: v_vld["name"] in (a_vld["name"], a_vld["id"]),
                        )
                        if target_vld:
                            if vnf_params.get("vimAccountId") not in a_vld.get(
                                "vim_info", {}
                            ):
                                target_vim_network_list = [
                                    v for _, v in a_vld.get("vim_info").items()
                                ]
                                target_vim_network_name = next(
                                    (
                                        item.get("vim_network_name", "")
                                        for item in target_vim_network_list
                                    ),
                                    "",
                                )

                                target["ns"]["vld"][a_index].get("vim_info").update(
                                    {
                                        "vim:{}".format(vnf_params["vimAccountId"]): {
                                            "vim_network_name": target_vim_network_name,
                                        }
                                    }
                                )

                                if vld_params:
                                    for param in ("vim-network-name", "vim-network-id"):
                                        if vld_params.get(param) and isinstance(
                                            vld_params[param], dict
                                        ):
                                            for vim, vim_net in vld_params[
                                                param
                                            ].items():
                                                other_target_vim = "vim:" + vim
                                                populate_dict(
                                                    target["ns"]["vld"][a_index].get(
                                                        "vim_info"
                                                    ),
                                                    (
                                                        other_target_vim,
                                                        param.replace("-", "_"),
                                                    ),
                                                    vim_net,
                                                )

        nslcmop_id = db_nslcmop["_id"]
        target = {
            "name": db_nsr["name"],
            "ns": {"vld": []},
            "vnf": [],
            "image": deepcopy(db_nsr["image"]),
            "flavor": deepcopy(db_nsr["flavor"]),
            "action_id": nslcmop_id,
            "cloud_init_content": {},
        }
        for image in target["image"]:
            image["vim_info"] = {}
        for flavor in target["flavor"]:
            flavor["vim_info"] = {}
        if db_nsr.get("shared-volumes"):
            target["shared-volumes"] = deepcopy(db_nsr["shared-volumes"])
            for shared_volumes in target["shared-volumes"]:
                shared_volumes["vim_info"] = {}
        if db_nsr.get("affinity-or-anti-affinity-group"):
            target["affinity-or-anti-affinity-group"] = deepcopy(
                db_nsr["affinity-or-anti-affinity-group"]
            )
            for affinity_or_anti_affinity_group in target[
                "affinity-or-anti-affinity-group"
            ]:
                affinity_or_anti_affinity_group["vim_info"] = {}

        if db_nslcmop.get("lcmOperationType") != "instantiate":
            # get parameters of instantiation:
            db_nslcmop_instantiate = self.db.get_list(
                "nslcmops",
                {
                    "nsInstanceId": db_nslcmop["nsInstanceId"],
                    "lcmOperationType": "instantiate",
                },
            )[-1]
            ns_params = db_nslcmop_instantiate.get("operationParams")
        else:
            ns_params = db_nslcmop.get("operationParams")
        ssh_keys_instantiation = ns_params.get("ssh_keys") or []
        ssh_keys_all = ssh_keys_instantiation + (n2vc_key_list or [])

        cp2target = {}
        for vld_index, vld in enumerate(db_nsr.get("vld")):
            target_vim = "vim:{}".format(ns_params["vimAccountId"])
            target_vld = {
                "id": vld["id"],
                "name": vld["name"],
                "mgmt-network": vld.get("mgmt-network", False),
                "type": vld.get("type"),
                "vim_info": {
                    target_vim: {
                        "vim_network_name": vld.get("vim-network-name"),
                        "vim_account_id": ns_params["vimAccountId"],
                    }
                },
            }
            # check if this network needs SDN assist
            if vld.get("pci-interfaces"):
                db_vim = get_vim_account(ns_params["vimAccountId"])
                if vim_config := db_vim.get("config"):
                    if sdnc_id := vim_config.get("sdn-controller"):
                        sdn_vld = "nsrs:{}:vld.{}".format(nsr_id, vld["id"])
                        target_sdn = "sdn:{}".format(sdnc_id)
                        target_vld["vim_info"][target_sdn] = {
                            "sdn": True,
                            "target_vim": target_vim,
                            "vlds": [sdn_vld],
                            "type": vld.get("type"),
                        }

            nsd_vnf_profiles = get_vnf_profiles(nsd)
            for nsd_vnf_profile in nsd_vnf_profiles:
                for cp in nsd_vnf_profile["virtual-link-connectivity"]:
                    if cp["virtual-link-profile-id"] == vld["id"]:
                        cp2target[
                            "member_vnf:{}.{}".format(
                                cp["constituent-cpd-id"][0][
                                    "constituent-base-element-id"
                                ],
                                cp["constituent-cpd-id"][0]["constituent-cpd-id"],
                            )
                        ] = "nsrs:{}:vld.{}".format(nsr_id, vld_index)

            # check at nsd descriptor, if there is an ip-profile
            vld_params = {}
            nsd_vlp = find_in_list(
                get_virtual_link_profiles(nsd),
                lambda a_link_profile: a_link_profile["virtual-link-desc-id"]
                == vld["id"],
            )
            if (
                nsd_vlp
                and nsd_vlp.get("virtual-link-protocol-data")
                and nsd_vlp["virtual-link-protocol-data"].get("l3-protocol-data")
            ):
                vld_params["ip-profile"] = nsd_vlp["virtual-link-protocol-data"][
                    "l3-protocol-data"
                ]

            # update vld_params with instantiation params
            vld_instantiation_params = find_in_list(
                get_iterable(ns_params, "vld"),
                lambda a_vld: a_vld["name"] in (vld["name"], vld["id"]),
            )
            if vld_instantiation_params:
                vld_params.update(vld_instantiation_params)
            parse_vld_instantiation_params(target_vim, target_vld, vld_params, None)
            target["ns"]["vld"].append(target_vld)
        # Update the target ns_vld if vnf vim_account is overriden by instantiation params
        update_ns_vld_target(target, ns_params)

        for vnfr in db_vnfrs.values():
            vnfd = find_in_list(
                db_vnfds, lambda db_vnf: db_vnf["id"] == vnfr["vnfd-ref"]
            )
            vnf_params = find_in_list(
                get_iterable(ns_params, "vnf"),
                lambda a_vnf: a_vnf["member-vnf-index"] == vnfr["member-vnf-index-ref"],
            )
            target_vnf = deepcopy(vnfr)
            target_vim = "vim:{}".format(vnfr["vim-account-id"])
            for vld in target_vnf.get("vld", ()):
                # check if connected to a ns.vld, to fill target'
                vnf_cp = find_in_list(
                    vnfd.get("int-virtual-link-desc", ()),
                    lambda cpd: cpd.get("id") == vld["id"],
                )
                if vnf_cp:
                    ns_cp = "member_vnf:{}.{}".format(
                        vnfr["member-vnf-index-ref"], vnf_cp["id"]
                    )
                    if cp2target.get(ns_cp):
                        vld["target"] = cp2target[ns_cp]

                vld["vim_info"] = {
                    target_vim: {"vim_network_name": vld.get("vim-network-name")}
                }
                # check if this network needs SDN assist
                target_sdn = None
                if vld.get("pci-interfaces"):
                    db_vim = get_vim_account(vnfr["vim-account-id"])
                    sdnc_id = db_vim["config"].get("sdn-controller")
                    if sdnc_id:
                        sdn_vld = "vnfrs:{}:vld.{}".format(target_vnf["_id"], vld["id"])
                        target_sdn = "sdn:{}".format(sdnc_id)
                        vld["vim_info"][target_sdn] = {
                            "sdn": True,
                            "target_vim": target_vim,
                            "vlds": [sdn_vld],
                            "type": vld.get("type"),
                        }

                # check at vnfd descriptor, if there is an ip-profile
                vld_params = {}
                vnfd_vlp = find_in_list(
                    get_virtual_link_profiles(vnfd),
                    lambda a_link_profile: a_link_profile["id"] == vld["id"],
                )
                if (
                    vnfd_vlp
                    and vnfd_vlp.get("virtual-link-protocol-data")
                    and vnfd_vlp["virtual-link-protocol-data"].get("l3-protocol-data")
                ):
                    vld_params["ip-profile"] = vnfd_vlp["virtual-link-protocol-data"][
                        "l3-protocol-data"
                    ]
                # update vld_params with instantiation params
                if vnf_params:
                    vld_instantiation_params = find_in_list(
                        get_iterable(vnf_params, "internal-vld"),
                        lambda i_vld: i_vld["name"] == vld["id"],
                    )
                    if vld_instantiation_params:
                        vld_params.update(vld_instantiation_params)
                parse_vld_instantiation_params(target_vim, vld, vld_params, target_sdn)

            vdur_list = []
            for vdur in target_vnf.get("vdur", ()):
                if vdur.get("status") == "DELETING" or vdur.get("pdu-type"):
                    continue  # This vdu must not be created
                vdur["vim_info"] = {"vim_account_id": vnfr["vim-account-id"]}

                self.logger.debug("NS > ssh_keys > {}".format(ssh_keys_all))

                if ssh_keys_all:
                    vdu_configuration = get_configuration(vnfd, vdur["vdu-id-ref"])
                    vnf_configuration = get_configuration(vnfd, vnfd["id"])
                    if (
                        vdu_configuration
                        and vdu_configuration.get("config-access")
                        and vdu_configuration.get("config-access").get("ssh-access")
                    ):
                        vdur["ssh-keys"] = ssh_keys_all
                        vdur["ssh-access-required"] = vdu_configuration[
                            "config-access"
                        ]["ssh-access"]["required"]
                    elif (
                        vnf_configuration
                        and vnf_configuration.get("config-access")
                        and vnf_configuration.get("config-access").get("ssh-access")
                        and any(iface.get("mgmt-vnf") for iface in vdur["interfaces"])
                    ):
                        vdur["ssh-keys"] = ssh_keys_all
                        vdur["ssh-access-required"] = vnf_configuration[
                            "config-access"
                        ]["ssh-access"]["required"]
                    elif ssh_keys_instantiation and find_in_list(
                        vdur["interfaces"], lambda iface: iface.get("mgmt-vnf")
                    ):
                        vdur["ssh-keys"] = ssh_keys_instantiation

                self.logger.debug("NS > vdur > {}".format(vdur))

                vdud = get_vdu(vnfd, vdur["vdu-id-ref"])
                # cloud-init
                if vdud.get("cloud-init-file"):
                    vdur["cloud-init"] = "{}:file:{}".format(
                        vnfd["_id"], vdud.get("cloud-init-file")
                    )
                    # read file and put content at target.cloul_init_content. Avoid ng_ro to use shared package system
                    if vdur["cloud-init"] not in target["cloud_init_content"]:
                        base_folder = vnfd["_admin"]["storage"]
                        if base_folder["pkg-dir"]:
                            cloud_init_file = "{}/{}/cloud_init/{}".format(
                                base_folder["folder"],
                                base_folder["pkg-dir"],
                                vdud.get("cloud-init-file"),
                            )
                        else:
                            cloud_init_file = "{}/Scripts/cloud_init/{}".format(
                                base_folder["folder"],
                                vdud.get("cloud-init-file"),
                            )
                        with self.fs.file_open(cloud_init_file, "r") as ci_file:
                            target["cloud_init_content"][
                                vdur["cloud-init"]
                            ] = ci_file.read()
                elif vdud.get("cloud-init"):
                    vdur["cloud-init"] = "{}:vdu:{}".format(
                        vnfd["_id"], get_vdu_index(vnfd, vdur["vdu-id-ref"])
                    )
                    # put content at target.cloul_init_content. Avoid ng_ro read vnfd descriptor
                    target["cloud_init_content"][vdur["cloud-init"]] = vdud[
                        "cloud-init"
                    ]
                vdur["additionalParams"] = vdur.get("additionalParams") or {}
                deploy_params_vdu = self._format_additional_params(
                    vdur.get("additionalParams") or {}
                )
                deploy_params_vdu["OSM"] = get_osm_params(
                    vnfr, vdur["vdu-id-ref"], vdur["count-index"]
                )
                vdur["additionalParams"] = deploy_params_vdu

                # flavor
                ns_flavor = target["flavor"][int(vdur["ns-flavor-id"])]
                if target_vim not in ns_flavor["vim_info"]:
                    ns_flavor["vim_info"][target_vim] = {}

                # deal with images
                # in case alternative images are provided we must check if they should be applied
                # for the vim_type, modify the vim_type taking into account
                ns_image_id = int(vdur["ns-image-id"])
                if vdur.get("alt-image-ids"):
                    db_vim = get_vim_account(vnfr["vim-account-id"])
                    vim_type = db_vim["vim_type"]
                    for alt_image_id in vdur.get("alt-image-ids"):
                        ns_alt_image = target["image"][int(alt_image_id)]
                        if vim_type == ns_alt_image.get("vim-type"):
                            # must use alternative image
                            self.logger.debug(
                                "use alternative image id: {}".format(alt_image_id)
                            )
                            ns_image_id = alt_image_id
                            vdur["ns-image-id"] = ns_image_id
                            break
                ns_image = target["image"][int(ns_image_id)]
                if target_vim not in ns_image["vim_info"]:
                    ns_image["vim_info"][target_vim] = {}

                # Affinity groups
                if vdur.get("affinity-or-anti-affinity-group-id"):
                    for ags_id in vdur["affinity-or-anti-affinity-group-id"]:
                        ns_ags = target["affinity-or-anti-affinity-group"][int(ags_id)]
                        if target_vim not in ns_ags["vim_info"]:
                            ns_ags["vim_info"][target_vim] = {}

                # shared-volumes
                if vdur.get("shared-volumes-id"):
                    for sv_id in vdur["shared-volumes-id"]:
                        ns_sv = find_in_list(
                            target["shared-volumes"], lambda sv: sv_id in sv["id"]
                        )
                        if ns_sv:
                            ns_sv["vim_info"][target_vim] = {}

                vdur["vim_info"] = {target_vim: {}}
                # instantiation parameters
                if vnf_params:
                    vdu_instantiation_params = find_in_list(
                        get_iterable(vnf_params, "vdu"),
                        lambda i_vdu: i_vdu["id"] == vdud["id"],
                    )
                    if vdu_instantiation_params:
                        # Parse the vdu_volumes from the instantiation params
                        vdu_volumes = get_volumes_from_instantiation_params(
                            vdu_instantiation_params, vdud
                        )
                        vdur["additionalParams"]["OSM"]["vdu_volumes"] = vdu_volumes
                        vdur["additionalParams"]["OSM"][
                            "vim_flavor_id"
                        ] = vdu_instantiation_params.get("vim-flavor-id")
                vdur_list.append(vdur)
            target_vnf["vdur"] = vdur_list
            target["vnf"].append(target_vnf)

        self.logger.debug("Send to RO > nsr_id={} target={}".format(nsr_id, target))
        desc = await self.RO.deploy(nsr_id, target)
        self.logger.debug("RO return > {}".format(desc))
        action_id = desc["action_id"]
        await self._wait_ng_ro(
            nsr_id,
            action_id,
            nslcmop_id,
            start_deploy,
            timeout_ns_deploy,
            stage,
            operation="instantiation",
        )

        # Updating NSR
        db_nsr_update = {
            "_admin.deployed.RO.operational-status": "running",
            "detailed-status": " ".join(stage),
        }
        # db_nsr["_admin.deployed.RO.detailed-status"] = "Deployed at VIM"
        self.update_db_2("nsrs", nsr_id, db_nsr_update)
        self._write_op_status(nslcmop_id, stage)
        self.logger.debug(
            logging_text + "ns deployed at RO. RO_id={}".format(action_id)
        )
        return

    async def _wait_ng_ro(
        self,
        nsr_id,
        action_id,
        nslcmop_id=None,
        start_time=None,
        timeout=600,
        stage=None,
        operation=None,
    ):
        detailed_status_old = None
        db_nsr_update = {}
        start_time = start_time or time()
        while time() <= start_time + timeout:
            desc_status = await self.op_status_map[operation](nsr_id, action_id)
            self.logger.debug("Wait NG RO > {}".format(desc_status))
            if desc_status["status"] == "FAILED":
                raise NgRoException(desc_status["details"])
            elif desc_status["status"] == "BUILD":
                if stage:
                    stage[2] = "VIM: ({})".format(desc_status["details"])
            elif desc_status["status"] == "DONE":
                if stage:
                    stage[2] = "Deployed at VIM"
                break
            else:
                assert False, "ROclient.check_ns_status returns unknown {}".format(
                    desc_status["status"]
                )
            if stage and nslcmop_id and stage[2] != detailed_status_old:
                detailed_status_old = stage[2]
                db_nsr_update["detailed-status"] = " ".join(stage)
                self.update_db_2("nsrs", nsr_id, db_nsr_update)
                self._write_op_status(nslcmop_id, stage)
            await asyncio.sleep(15)
        else:  # timeout_ns_deploy
            raise NgRoException("Timeout waiting ns to deploy")

    async def _terminate_ng_ro(
        self, logging_text, nsr_deployed, nsr_id, nslcmop_id, stage
    ):
        db_nsr_update = {}
        failed_detail = []
        action_id = None
        start_deploy = time()
        try:
            target = {
                "ns": {"vld": []},
                "vnf": [],
                "image": [],
                "flavor": [],
                "action_id": nslcmop_id,
            }
            desc = await self.RO.deploy(nsr_id, target)
            action_id = desc["action_id"]
            db_nsr_update["_admin.deployed.RO.nsr_status"] = "DELETING"
            self.logger.debug(
                logging_text
                + "ns terminate action at RO. action_id={}".format(action_id)
            )

            # wait until done
            delete_timeout = 20 * 60  # 20 minutes
            await self._wait_ng_ro(
                nsr_id,
                action_id,
                nslcmop_id,
                start_deploy,
                delete_timeout,
                stage,
                operation="termination",
            )
            db_nsr_update["_admin.deployed.RO.nsr_status"] = "DELETED"
            # delete all nsr
            await self.RO.delete(nsr_id)
        except NgRoException as e:
            if e.http_code == 404:  # not found
                db_nsr_update["_admin.deployed.RO.nsr_id"] = None
                db_nsr_update["_admin.deployed.RO.nsr_status"] = "DELETED"
                self.logger.debug(
                    logging_text + "RO_action_id={} already deleted".format(action_id)
                )
            elif e.http_code == 409:  # conflict
                failed_detail.append("delete conflict: {}".format(e))
                self.logger.debug(
                    logging_text
                    + "RO_action_id={} delete conflict: {}".format(action_id, e)
                )
            else:
                failed_detail.append("delete error: {}".format(e))
                self.logger.error(
                    logging_text
                    + "RO_action_id={} delete error: {}".format(action_id, e)
                )
        except Exception as e:
            failed_detail.append("delete error: {}".format(e))
            self.logger.error(
                logging_text + "RO_action_id={} delete error: {}".format(action_id, e)
            )

        if failed_detail:
            stage[2] = "Error deleting from VIM"
        else:
            stage[2] = "Deleted from VIM"
        db_nsr_update["detailed-status"] = " ".join(stage)
        self.update_db_2("nsrs", nsr_id, db_nsr_update)
        self._write_op_status(nslcmop_id, stage)

        if failed_detail:
            raise LcmException("; ".join(failed_detail))
        return

    async def instantiate_RO(
        self,
        logging_text,
        nsr_id,
        nsd,
        db_nsr,
        db_nslcmop,
        db_vnfrs,
        db_vnfds,
        n2vc_key_list,
        stage,
    ):
        """
        Instantiate at RO
        :param logging_text: preffix text to use at logging
        :param nsr_id: nsr identity
        :param nsd: database content of ns descriptor
        :param db_nsr: database content of ns record
        :param db_nslcmop: database content of ns operation, in this case, 'instantiate'
        :param db_vnfrs:
        :param db_vnfds: database content of vnfds, indexed by id (not _id). {id: {vnfd_object}, ...}
        :param n2vc_key_list: ssh-public-key list to be inserted to management vdus via cloud-init
        :param stage: list with 3 items: [general stage, tasks, vim_specific]. This task will write over vim_specific
        :return: None or exception
        """
        try:
            start_deploy = time()
            ns_params = db_nslcmop.get("operationParams")
            if ns_params and ns_params.get("timeout_ns_deploy"):
                timeout_ns_deploy = ns_params["timeout_ns_deploy"]
            else:
                timeout_ns_deploy = self.timeout.ns_deploy

            # Check for and optionally request placement optimization. Database will be updated if placement activated
            stage[2] = "Waiting for Placement."
            if await self._do_placement(logging_text, db_nslcmop, db_vnfrs):
                # in case of placement change ns_params[vimAcountId) if not present at any vnfrs
                for vnfr in db_vnfrs.values():
                    if ns_params["vimAccountId"] == vnfr["vim-account-id"]:
                        break
                else:
                    ns_params["vimAccountId"] == vnfr["vim-account-id"]

            return await self._instantiate_ng_ro(
                logging_text,
                nsr_id,
                nsd,
                db_nsr,
                db_nslcmop,
                db_vnfrs,
                db_vnfds,
                n2vc_key_list,
                stage,
                start_deploy,
                timeout_ns_deploy,
            )
        except Exception as e:
            stage[2] = "ERROR deploying at VIM"
            self.set_vnfr_at_error(db_vnfrs, str(e))
            self.logger.error(
                "Error deploying at VIM {}".format(e),
                exc_info=not isinstance(
                    e,
                    (
                        ROclient.ROClientException,
                        LcmException,
                        DbException,
                        NgRoException,
                    ),
                ),
            )
            raise

    async def wait_kdu_up(self, logging_text, nsr_id, vnfr_id, kdu_name):
        """
        Wait for kdu to be up, get ip address
        :param logging_text: prefix use for logging
        :param nsr_id:
        :param vnfr_id:
        :param kdu_name:
        :return: IP address, K8s services
        """

        # self.logger.debug(logging_text + "Starting wait_kdu_up")
        nb_tries = 0

        while nb_tries < 360:
            db_vnfr = self.db.get_one("vnfrs", {"_id": vnfr_id})
            kdur = next(
                (
                    x
                    for x in get_iterable(db_vnfr, "kdur")
                    if x.get("kdu-name") == kdu_name
                ),
                None,
            )
            if not kdur:
                raise LcmException(
                    "Not found vnfr_id={}, kdu_name={}".format(vnfr_id, kdu_name)
                )
            if kdur.get("status"):
                if kdur["status"] in ("READY", "ENABLED"):
                    return kdur.get("ip-address"), kdur.get("services")
                else:
                    raise LcmException(
                        "target KDU={} is in error state".format(kdu_name)
                    )

            await asyncio.sleep(10)
            nb_tries += 1
        raise LcmException("Timeout waiting KDU={} instantiated".format(kdu_name))

    async def wait_vm_up_insert_key_ro(
        self, logging_text, nsr_id, vnfr_id, vdu_id, vdu_index, pub_key=None, user=None
    ):
        """
        Wait for ip addres at RO, and optionally, insert public key in virtual machine
        :param logging_text: prefix use for logging
        :param nsr_id:
        :param vnfr_id:
        :param vdu_id:
        :param vdu_index:
        :param pub_key: public ssh key to inject, None to skip
        :param user: user to apply the public ssh key
        :return: IP address
        """

        self.logger.debug(logging_text + "Starting wait_vm_up_insert_key_ro")
        ip_address = None
        target_vdu_id = None
        ro_retries = 0

        while True:
            ro_retries += 1
            if ro_retries >= 360:  # 1 hour
                raise LcmException(
                    "Not found _admin.deployed.RO.nsr_id for nsr_id: {}".format(nsr_id)
                )

            await asyncio.sleep(10)

            # get ip address
            if not target_vdu_id:
                db_vnfr = self.db.get_one("vnfrs", {"_id": vnfr_id})

                if not vdu_id:  # for the VNF case
                    if db_vnfr.get("status") == "ERROR":
                        raise LcmException(
                            "Cannot inject ssh-key because target VNF is in error state"
                        )
                    ip_address = db_vnfr.get("ip-address")
                    if not ip_address:
                        continue
                    vdur = next(
                        (
                            x
                            for x in get_iterable(db_vnfr, "vdur")
                            if x.get("ip-address") == ip_address
                        ),
                        None,
                    )
                else:  # VDU case
                    vdur = next(
                        (
                            x
                            for x in get_iterable(db_vnfr, "vdur")
                            if x.get("vdu-id-ref") == vdu_id
                            and x.get("count-index") == vdu_index
                        ),
                        None,
                    )

                if (
                    not vdur and len(db_vnfr.get("vdur", ())) == 1
                ):  # If only one, this should be the target vdu
                    vdur = db_vnfr["vdur"][0]
                if not vdur:
                    raise LcmException(
                        "Not found vnfr_id={}, vdu_id={}, vdu_index={}".format(
                            vnfr_id, vdu_id, vdu_index
                        )
                    )
                # New generation RO stores information at "vim_info"
                ng_ro_status = None
                target_vim = None
                if vdur.get("vim_info"):
                    target_vim = next(
                        t for t in vdur["vim_info"]
                    )  # there should be only one key
                    ng_ro_status = vdur["vim_info"][target_vim].get("vim_status")
                if (
                    vdur.get("pdu-type")
                    or vdur.get("status") == "ACTIVE"
                    or ng_ro_status == "ACTIVE"
                ):
                    ip_address = vdur.get("ip-address")
                    if not ip_address:
                        continue
                    target_vdu_id = vdur["vdu-id-ref"]
                elif vdur.get("status") == "ERROR" or ng_ro_status == "ERROR":
                    raise LcmException(
                        "Cannot inject ssh-key because target VM is in error state"
                    )

            if not target_vdu_id:
                continue

            # inject public key into machine
            if pub_key and user:
                self.logger.debug(logging_text + "Inserting RO key")
                self.logger.debug("SSH > PubKey > {}".format(pub_key))
                if vdur.get("pdu-type"):
                    self.logger.error(logging_text + "Cannot inject ssh-ky to a PDU")
                    return ip_address
                try:
                    target = {
                        "action": {
                            "action": "inject_ssh_key",
                            "key": pub_key,
                            "user": user,
                        },
                        "vnf": [{"_id": vnfr_id, "vdur": [{"id": vdur["id"]}]}],
                    }
                    desc = await self.RO.deploy(nsr_id, target)
                    action_id = desc["action_id"]
                    await self._wait_ng_ro(
                        nsr_id, action_id, timeout=600, operation="instantiation"
                    )
                    break
                except NgRoException as e:
                    raise LcmException(
                        "Reaching max tries injecting key. Error: {}".format(e)
                    )
            else:
                break

        return ip_address

    async def _wait_dependent_n2vc(self, nsr_id, vca_deployed_list, vca_index):
        """
        Wait until dependent VCA deployments have been finished. NS wait for VNFs and VDUs. VNFs for VDUs
        """
        my_vca = vca_deployed_list[vca_index]
        if my_vca.get("vdu_id") or my_vca.get("kdu_name"):
            # vdu or kdu: no dependencies
            return
        timeout = 300
        while timeout >= 0:
            db_nsr = self.db.get_one("nsrs", {"_id": nsr_id})
            vca_deployed_list = db_nsr["_admin"]["deployed"]["VCA"]
            configuration_status_list = db_nsr["configurationStatus"]
            for index, vca_deployed in enumerate(configuration_status_list):
                if index == vca_index:
                    # myself
                    continue
                if not my_vca.get("member-vnf-index") or (
                    vca_deployed.get("member-vnf-index")
                    == my_vca.get("member-vnf-index")
                ):
                    internal_status = configuration_status_list[index].get("status")
                    if internal_status == "READY":
                        continue
                    elif internal_status == "BROKEN":
                        raise LcmException(
                            "Configuration aborted because dependent charm/s has failed"
                        )
                    else:
                        break
            else:
                # no dependencies, return
                return
            await asyncio.sleep(10)
            timeout -= 1

        raise LcmException("Configuration aborted because dependent charm/s timeout")

    def get_vca_id(self, db_vnfr: dict, db_nsr: dict):
        vca_id = None
        if db_vnfr:
            vca_id = deep_get(db_vnfr, ("vca-id",))
        elif db_nsr:
            vim_account_id = deep_get(db_nsr, ("instantiate_params", "vimAccountId"))
            vca_id = VimAccountDB.get_vim_account_with_id(vim_account_id).get("vca")
        return vca_id

    async def instantiate_N2VC(
        self,
        logging_text,
        vca_index,
        nsi_id,
        db_nsr,
        db_vnfr,
        vdu_id,
        kdu_name,
        vdu_index,
        kdu_index,
        config_descriptor,
        deploy_params,
        base_folder,
        nslcmop_id,
        stage,
        vca_type,
        vca_name,
        ee_config_descriptor,
    ):
        nsr_id = db_nsr["_id"]
        db_update_entry = "_admin.deployed.VCA.{}.".format(vca_index)
        vca_deployed_list = db_nsr["_admin"]["deployed"]["VCA"]
        vca_deployed = db_nsr["_admin"]["deployed"]["VCA"][vca_index]
        osm_config = {"osm": {"ns_id": db_nsr["_id"]}}
        db_dict = {
            "collection": "nsrs",
            "filter": {"_id": nsr_id},
            "path": db_update_entry,
        }
        step = ""
        try:
            element_type = "NS"
            element_under_configuration = nsr_id

            vnfr_id = None
            if db_vnfr:
                vnfr_id = db_vnfr["_id"]
                osm_config["osm"]["vnf_id"] = vnfr_id

            namespace = "{nsi}.{ns}".format(nsi=nsi_id if nsi_id else "", ns=nsr_id)

            if vca_type == "native_charm":
                index_number = 0
            else:
                index_number = vdu_index or 0

            if vnfr_id:
                element_type = "VNF"
                element_under_configuration = vnfr_id
                namespace += ".{}-{}".format(vnfr_id, index_number)
                if vdu_id:
                    namespace += ".{}-{}".format(vdu_id, index_number)
                    element_type = "VDU"
                    element_under_configuration = "{}-{}".format(vdu_id, index_number)
                    osm_config["osm"]["vdu_id"] = vdu_id
                elif kdu_name:
                    namespace += ".{}".format(kdu_name)
                    element_type = "KDU"
                    element_under_configuration = kdu_name
                    osm_config["osm"]["kdu_name"] = kdu_name

            # Get artifact path
            if base_folder["pkg-dir"]:
                artifact_path = "{}/{}/{}/{}".format(
                    base_folder["folder"],
                    base_folder["pkg-dir"],
                    "charms"
                    if vca_type
                    in ("native_charm", "lxc_proxy_charm", "k8s_proxy_charm")
                    else "helm-charts",
                    vca_name,
                )
            else:
                artifact_path = "{}/Scripts/{}/{}/".format(
                    base_folder["folder"],
                    "charms"
                    if vca_type
                    in ("native_charm", "lxc_proxy_charm", "k8s_proxy_charm")
                    else "helm-charts",
                    vca_name,
                )

            self.logger.debug("Artifact path > {}".format(artifact_path))

            # get initial_config_primitive_list that applies to this element
            initial_config_primitive_list = config_descriptor.get(
                "initial-config-primitive"
            )

            self.logger.debug(
                "Initial config primitive list > {}".format(
                    initial_config_primitive_list
                )
            )

            # add config if not present for NS charm
            ee_descriptor_id = ee_config_descriptor.get("id")
            self.logger.debug("EE Descriptor > {}".format(ee_descriptor_id))
            initial_config_primitive_list = get_ee_sorted_initial_config_primitive_list(
                initial_config_primitive_list, vca_deployed, ee_descriptor_id
            )

            self.logger.debug(
                "Initial config primitive list #2 > {}".format(
                    initial_config_primitive_list
                )
            )
            # n2vc_redesign STEP 3.1
            # find old ee_id if exists
            ee_id = vca_deployed.get("ee_id")

            vca_id = self.get_vca_id(db_vnfr, db_nsr)
            # create or register execution environment in VCA
            if vca_type in ("lxc_proxy_charm", "k8s_proxy_charm", "helm-v3"):
                self._write_configuration_status(
                    nsr_id=nsr_id,
                    vca_index=vca_index,
                    status="CREATING",
                    element_under_configuration=element_under_configuration,
                    element_type=element_type,
                )

                step = "create execution environment"
                self.logger.debug(logging_text + step)

                ee_id = None
                credentials = None
                if vca_type == "k8s_proxy_charm":
                    ee_id = await self.vca_map[vca_type].install_k8s_proxy_charm(
                        charm_name=artifact_path[artifact_path.rfind("/") + 1 :],
                        namespace=namespace,
                        artifact_path=artifact_path,
                        db_dict=db_dict,
                        vca_id=vca_id,
                    )
                elif vca_type == "helm-v3":
                    ee_id, credentials = await self.vca_map[
                        vca_type
                    ].create_execution_environment(
                        namespace=nsr_id,
                        reuse_ee_id=ee_id,
                        db_dict=db_dict,
                        config=osm_config,
                        artifact_path=artifact_path,
                        chart_model=vca_name,
                        vca_type=vca_type,
                    )
                else:
                    ee_id, credentials = await self.vca_map[
                        vca_type
                    ].create_execution_environment(
                        namespace=namespace,
                        reuse_ee_id=ee_id,
                        db_dict=db_dict,
                        vca_id=vca_id,
                    )

            elif vca_type == "native_charm":
                step = "Waiting to VM being up and getting IP address"
                self.logger.debug(logging_text + step)
                rw_mgmt_ip = await self.wait_vm_up_insert_key_ro(
                    logging_text,
                    nsr_id,
                    vnfr_id,
                    vdu_id,
                    vdu_index,
                    user=None,
                    pub_key=None,
                )
                credentials = {"hostname": rw_mgmt_ip}
                # get username
                username = deep_get(
                    config_descriptor, ("config-access", "ssh-access", "default-user")
                )
                # TODO remove this when changes on IM regarding config-access:ssh-access:default-user were
                #  merged. Meanwhile let's get username from initial-config-primitive
                if not username and initial_config_primitive_list:
                    for config_primitive in initial_config_primitive_list:
                        for param in config_primitive.get("parameter", ()):
                            if param["name"] == "ssh-username":
                                username = param["value"]
                                break
                if not username:
                    raise LcmException(
                        "Cannot determine the username neither with 'initial-config-primitive' nor with "
                        "'config-access.ssh-access.default-user'"
                    )
                credentials["username"] = username
                # n2vc_redesign STEP 3.2

                self._write_configuration_status(
                    nsr_id=nsr_id,
                    vca_index=vca_index,
                    status="REGISTERING",
                    element_under_configuration=element_under_configuration,
                    element_type=element_type,
                )

                step = "register execution environment {}".format(credentials)
                self.logger.debug(logging_text + step)
                ee_id = await self.vca_map[vca_type].register_execution_environment(
                    credentials=credentials,
                    namespace=namespace,
                    db_dict=db_dict,
                    vca_id=vca_id,
                )

            # for compatibility with MON/POL modules, the need model and application name at database
            # TODO ask MON/POL if needed to not assuming anymore the format "model_name.application_name"
            ee_id_parts = ee_id.split(".")
            db_nsr_update = {db_update_entry + "ee_id": ee_id}
            if len(ee_id_parts) >= 2:
                model_name = ee_id_parts[0]
                application_name = ee_id_parts[1]
                db_nsr_update[db_update_entry + "model"] = model_name
                db_nsr_update[db_update_entry + "application"] = application_name

            # n2vc_redesign STEP 3.3
            step = "Install configuration Software"

            self._write_configuration_status(
                nsr_id=nsr_id,
                vca_index=vca_index,
                status="INSTALLING SW",
                element_under_configuration=element_under_configuration,
                element_type=element_type,
                other_update=db_nsr_update,
            )

            # TODO check if already done
            self.logger.debug(logging_text + step)
            config = None
            if vca_type == "native_charm":
                config_primitive = next(
                    (p for p in initial_config_primitive_list if p["name"] == "config"),
                    None,
                )
                if config_primitive:
                    config = self._map_primitive_params(
                        config_primitive, {}, deploy_params
                    )
            num_units = 1
            if vca_type == "lxc_proxy_charm":
                if element_type == "NS":
                    num_units = db_nsr.get("config-units") or 1
                elif element_type == "VNF":
                    num_units = db_vnfr.get("config-units") or 1
                elif element_type == "VDU":
                    for v in db_vnfr["vdur"]:
                        if vdu_id == v["vdu-id-ref"]:
                            num_units = v.get("config-units") or 1
                            break
            if vca_type != "k8s_proxy_charm":
                await self.vca_map[vca_type].install_configuration_sw(
                    ee_id=ee_id,
                    artifact_path=artifact_path,
                    db_dict=db_dict,
                    config=config,
                    num_units=num_units,
                    vca_id=vca_id,
                    vca_type=vca_type,
                )

            # write in db flag of configuration_sw already installed
            self.update_db_2(
                "nsrs", nsr_id, {db_update_entry + "config_sw_installed": True}
            )

            # add relations for this VCA (wait for other peers related with this VCA)
            is_relation_added = await self._add_vca_relations(
                logging_text=logging_text,
                nsr_id=nsr_id,
                vca_type=vca_type,
                vca_index=vca_index,
            )

            if not is_relation_added:
                raise LcmException("Relations could not be added to VCA.")

            # if SSH access is required, then get execution environment SSH public
            # if native charm we have waited already to VM be UP
            if vca_type in ("k8s_proxy_charm", "lxc_proxy_charm", "helm-v3"):
                pub_key = None
                user = None
                # self.logger.debug("get ssh key block")
                if deep_get(
                    config_descriptor, ("config-access", "ssh-access", "required")
                ):
                    # self.logger.debug("ssh key needed")
                    # Needed to inject a ssh key
                    user = deep_get(
                        config_descriptor,
                        ("config-access", "ssh-access", "default-user"),
                    )
                    step = "Install configuration Software, getting public ssh key"
                    pub_key = await self.vca_map[vca_type].get_ee_ssh_public__key(
                        ee_id=ee_id, db_dict=db_dict, vca_id=vca_id
                    )

                    step = "Insert public key into VM user={} ssh_key={}".format(
                        user, pub_key
                    )
                else:
                    # self.logger.debug("no need to get ssh key")
                    step = "Waiting to VM being up and getting IP address"
                self.logger.debug(logging_text + step)

                # default rw_mgmt_ip to None, avoiding the non definition of the variable
                rw_mgmt_ip = None

                # n2vc_redesign STEP 5.1
                # wait for RO (ip-address) Insert pub_key into VM
                if vnfr_id:
                    if kdu_name:
                        rw_mgmt_ip, services = await self.wait_kdu_up(
                            logging_text, nsr_id, vnfr_id, kdu_name
                        )
                        vnfd = self.db.get_one(
                            "vnfds_revisions",
                            {"_id": f'{db_vnfr["vnfd-id"]}:{db_vnfr["revision"]}'},
                        )
                        kdu = get_kdu(vnfd, kdu_name)
                        kdu_services = [
                            service["name"] for service in get_kdu_services(kdu)
                        ]
                        exposed_services = []
                        for service in services:
                            if any(s in service["name"] for s in kdu_services):
                                exposed_services.append(service)
                        await self.vca_map[vca_type].exec_primitive(
                            ee_id=ee_id,
                            primitive_name="config",
                            params_dict={
                                "osm-config": json.dumps(
                                    OsmConfigBuilder(
                                        k8s={"services": exposed_services}
                                    ).build()
                                )
                            },
                            vca_id=vca_id,
                        )

                    # This verification is needed in order to avoid trying to add a public key
                    # to a VM, when the VNF is a KNF (in the edge case where the user creates a VCA
                    # for a KNF and not for its KDUs, the previous verification gives False, and the code
                    # jumps to this block, meaning that there is the need to verify if the VNF is actually a VNF
                    # or it is a KNF)
                    elif db_vnfr.get("vdur"):
                        rw_mgmt_ip = await self.wait_vm_up_insert_key_ro(
                            logging_text,
                            nsr_id,
                            vnfr_id,
                            vdu_id,
                            vdu_index,
                            user=user,
                            pub_key=pub_key,
                        )

                self.logger.debug(logging_text + " VM_ip_address={}".format(rw_mgmt_ip))

            # store rw_mgmt_ip in deploy params for later replacement
            deploy_params["rw_mgmt_ip"] = rw_mgmt_ip

            # n2vc_redesign STEP 6  Execute initial config primitive
            step = "execute initial config primitive"

            # wait for dependent primitives execution (NS -> VNF -> VDU)
            if initial_config_primitive_list:
                await self._wait_dependent_n2vc(nsr_id, vca_deployed_list, vca_index)

            # stage, in function of element type: vdu, kdu, vnf or ns
            my_vca = vca_deployed_list[vca_index]
            if my_vca.get("vdu_id") or my_vca.get("kdu_name"):
                # VDU or KDU
                stage[0] = "Stage 3/5: running Day-1 primitives for VDU."
            elif my_vca.get("member-vnf-index"):
                # VNF
                stage[0] = "Stage 4/5: running Day-1 primitives for VNF."
            else:
                # NS
                stage[0] = "Stage 5/5: running Day-1 primitives for NS."

            self._write_configuration_status(
                nsr_id=nsr_id, vca_index=vca_index, status="EXECUTING PRIMITIVE"
            )

            self._write_op_status(op_id=nslcmop_id, stage=stage)

            check_if_terminated_needed = True
            for initial_config_primitive in initial_config_primitive_list:
                # adding information on the vca_deployed if it is a NS execution environment
                if not vca_deployed["member-vnf-index"]:
                    deploy_params["ns_config_info"] = json.dumps(
                        self._get_ns_config_info(nsr_id)
                    )
                # TODO check if already done
                primitive_params_ = self._map_primitive_params(
                    initial_config_primitive, {}, deploy_params
                )

                step = "execute primitive '{}' params '{}'".format(
                    initial_config_primitive["name"], primitive_params_
                )
                self.logger.debug(logging_text + step)
                await self.vca_map[vca_type].exec_primitive(
                    ee_id=ee_id,
                    primitive_name=initial_config_primitive["name"],
                    params_dict=primitive_params_,
                    db_dict=db_dict,
                    vca_id=vca_id,
                    vca_type=vca_type,
                )
                # Once some primitive has been exec, check and write at db if it needs to exec terminated primitives
                if check_if_terminated_needed:
                    if config_descriptor.get("terminate-config-primitive"):
                        self.update_db_2(
                            "nsrs", nsr_id, {db_update_entry + "needed_terminate": True}
                        )
                    check_if_terminated_needed = False

                # TODO register in database that primitive is done

            # STEP 7 Configure metrics
            if vca_type == "helm-v3":
                # TODO: review for those cases where the helm chart is a reference and
                # is not part of the NF package
                prometheus_jobs = await self.extract_prometheus_scrape_jobs(
                    ee_id=ee_id,
                    artifact_path=artifact_path,
                    ee_config_descriptor=ee_config_descriptor,
                    vnfr_id=vnfr_id,
                    nsr_id=nsr_id,
                    target_ip=rw_mgmt_ip,
                    element_type=element_type,
                    vnf_member_index=db_vnfr.get("member-vnf-index-ref", ""),
                    vdu_id=vdu_id,
                    vdu_index=vdu_index,
                    kdu_name=kdu_name,
                    kdu_index=kdu_index,
                )
                if prometheus_jobs:
                    self.update_db_2(
                        "nsrs",
                        nsr_id,
                        {db_update_entry + "prometheus_jobs": prometheus_jobs},
                    )

                    for job in prometheus_jobs:
                        self.db.set_one(
                            "prometheus_jobs",
                            {"job_name": job["job_name"]},
                            job,
                            upsert=True,
                            fail_on_empty=False,
                        )

            step = "instantiated at VCA"
            self.logger.debug(logging_text + step)

            self._write_configuration_status(
                nsr_id=nsr_id, vca_index=vca_index, status="READY"
            )

        except Exception as e:  # TODO not use Exception but N2VC exception
            # self.update_db_2("nsrs", nsr_id, {db_update_entry + "instantiation": "FAILED"})
            if not isinstance(
                e, (DbException, N2VCException, LcmException, asyncio.CancelledError)
            ):
                self.logger.error(
                    "Exception while {} : {}".format(step, e), exc_info=True
                )
            self._write_configuration_status(
                nsr_id=nsr_id, vca_index=vca_index, status="BROKEN"
            )
            raise LcmException("{}. {}".format(step, e)) from e

    def _write_ns_status(
        self,
        nsr_id: str,
        ns_state: str,
        current_operation: str,
        current_operation_id: str,
        error_description: str = None,
        error_detail: str = None,
        other_update: dict = None,
    ):
        """
        Update db_nsr fields.
        :param nsr_id:
        :param ns_state:
        :param current_operation:
        :param current_operation_id:
        :param error_description:
        :param error_detail:
        :param other_update: Other required changes at database if provided, will be cleared
        :return:
        """
        try:
            db_dict = other_update or {}
            db_dict[
                "_admin.nslcmop"
            ] = current_operation_id  # for backward compatibility
            db_dict["_admin.current-operation"] = current_operation_id
            db_dict["_admin.operation-type"] = (
                current_operation if current_operation != "IDLE" else None
            )
            db_dict["currentOperation"] = current_operation
            db_dict["currentOperationID"] = current_operation_id
            db_dict["errorDescription"] = error_description
            db_dict["errorDetail"] = error_detail

            if ns_state:
                db_dict["nsState"] = ns_state
            self.update_db_2("nsrs", nsr_id, db_dict)
        except DbException as e:
            self.logger.warn("Error writing NS status, ns={}: {}".format(nsr_id, e))

    def _write_op_status(
        self,
        op_id: str,
        stage: list = None,
        error_message: str = None,
        queuePosition: int = 0,
        operation_state: str = None,
        other_update: dict = None,
    ):
        try:
            db_dict = other_update or {}
            db_dict["queuePosition"] = queuePosition
            if isinstance(stage, list):
                db_dict["stage"] = stage[0]
                db_dict["detailed-status"] = " ".join(stage)
            elif stage is not None:
                db_dict["stage"] = str(stage)

            if error_message is not None:
                db_dict["errorMessage"] = error_message
            if operation_state is not None:
                db_dict["operationState"] = operation_state
                db_dict["statusEnteredTime"] = time()
            self.update_db_2("nslcmops", op_id, db_dict)
        except DbException as e:
            self.logger.warn(
                "Error writing OPERATION status for op_id: {} -> {}".format(op_id, e)
            )

    def _write_all_config_status(self, db_nsr: dict, status: str):
        try:
            nsr_id = db_nsr["_id"]
            # configurationStatus
            config_status = db_nsr.get("configurationStatus")
            if config_status:
                db_nsr_update = {
                    "configurationStatus.{}.status".format(index): status
                    for index, v in enumerate(config_status)
                    if v
                }
                # update status
                self.update_db_2("nsrs", nsr_id, db_nsr_update)

        except DbException as e:
            self.logger.warn(
                "Error writing all configuration status, ns={}: {}".format(nsr_id, e)
            )

    def _write_configuration_status(
        self,
        nsr_id: str,
        vca_index: int,
        status: str = None,
        element_under_configuration: str = None,
        element_type: str = None,
        other_update: dict = None,
    ):
        # self.logger.debug('_write_configuration_status(): vca_index={}, status={}'
        #                   .format(vca_index, status))

        try:
            db_path = "configurationStatus.{}.".format(vca_index)
            db_dict = other_update or {}
            if status:
                db_dict[db_path + "status"] = status
            if element_under_configuration:
                db_dict[
                    db_path + "elementUnderConfiguration"
                ] = element_under_configuration
            if element_type:
                db_dict[db_path + "elementType"] = element_type
            self.update_db_2("nsrs", nsr_id, db_dict)
        except DbException as e:
            self.logger.warn(
                "Error writing configuration status={}, ns={}, vca_index={}: {}".format(
                    status, nsr_id, vca_index, e
                )
            )

    async def _do_placement(self, logging_text, db_nslcmop, db_vnfrs):
        """
        Check and computes the placement, (vim account where to deploy). If it is decided by an external tool, it
        sends the request via kafka and wait until the result is wrote at database (nslcmops _admin.plca).
        Database is used because the result can be obtained from a different LCM worker in case of HA.
        :param logging_text: contains the prefix for logging, with the ns and nslcmop identifiers
        :param db_nslcmop: database content of nslcmop
        :param db_vnfrs: database content of vnfrs, indexed by member-vnf-index.
        :return: True if some modification is done. Modifies database vnfrs and parameter db_vnfr with the
            computed 'vim-account-id'
        """
        modified = False
        nslcmop_id = db_nslcmop["_id"]
        placement_engine = deep_get(db_nslcmop, ("operationParams", "placement-engine"))
        if placement_engine == "PLA":
            self.logger.debug(
                logging_text + "Invoke and wait for placement optimization"
            )
            await self.msg.aiowrite("pla", "get_placement", {"nslcmopId": nslcmop_id})
            db_poll_interval = 5
            wait = db_poll_interval * 10
            pla_result = None
            while not pla_result and wait >= 0:
                await asyncio.sleep(db_poll_interval)
                wait -= db_poll_interval
                db_nslcmop = self.db.get_one("nslcmops", {"_id": nslcmop_id})
                pla_result = deep_get(db_nslcmop, ("_admin", "pla"))

            if not pla_result:
                raise LcmException(
                    "Placement timeout for nslcmopId={}".format(nslcmop_id)
                )

            for pla_vnf in pla_result["vnf"]:
                vnfr = db_vnfrs.get(pla_vnf["member-vnf-index"])
                if not pla_vnf.get("vimAccountId") or not vnfr:
                    continue
                modified = True
                self.db.set_one(
                    "vnfrs",
                    {"_id": vnfr["_id"]},
                    {"vim-account-id": pla_vnf["vimAccountId"]},
                )
                # Modifies db_vnfrs
                vnfr["vim-account-id"] = pla_vnf["vimAccountId"]
        return modified

    def _gather_vnfr_healing_alerts(self, vnfr, vnfd):
        alerts = []
        nsr_id = vnfr["nsr-id-ref"]
        df = vnfd.get("df", [{}])[0]
        # Checking for auto-healing configuration
        if "healing-aspect" in df:
            healing_aspects = df["healing-aspect"]
            for healing in healing_aspects:
                for healing_policy in healing.get("healing-policy", ()):
                    vdu_id = healing_policy["vdu-id"]
                    vdur = next(
                        (vdur for vdur in vnfr["vdur"] if vdu_id == vdur["vdu-id-ref"]),
                        {},
                    )
                    if not vdur:
                        continue
                    metric_name = "vm_status"
                    vdu_name = vdur.get("name")
                    vnf_member_index = vnfr["member-vnf-index-ref"]
                    uuid = str(uuid4())
                    name = f"healing_{uuid}"
                    action = healing_policy
                    # action_on_recovery = healing.get("action-on-recovery")
                    # cooldown_time = healing.get("cooldown-time")
                    # day1 = healing.get("day1")
                    alert = {
                        "uuid": uuid,
                        "name": name,
                        "metric": metric_name,
                        "tags": {
                            "ns_id": nsr_id,
                            "vnf_member_index": vnf_member_index,
                            "vdu_name": vdu_name,
                        },
                        "alarm_status": "ok",
                        "action_type": "healing",
                        "action": action,
                    }
                    alerts.append(alert)
        return alerts

    def _gather_vnfr_scaling_alerts(self, vnfr, vnfd):
        alerts = []
        nsr_id = vnfr["nsr-id-ref"]
        df = vnfd.get("df", [{}])[0]
        # Checking for auto-scaling configuration
        if "scaling-aspect" in df:
            scaling_aspects = df["scaling-aspect"]
            all_vnfd_monitoring_params = {}
            for ivld in vnfd.get("int-virtual-link-desc", ()):
                for mp in ivld.get("monitoring-parameters", ()):
                    all_vnfd_monitoring_params[mp.get("id")] = mp
            for vdu in vnfd.get("vdu", ()):
                for mp in vdu.get("monitoring-parameter", ()):
                    all_vnfd_monitoring_params[mp.get("id")] = mp
            for df in vnfd.get("df", ()):
                for mp in df.get("monitoring-parameter", ()):
                    all_vnfd_monitoring_params[mp.get("id")] = mp
            for scaling_aspect in scaling_aspects:
                scaling_group_name = scaling_aspect.get("name", "")
                # Get monitored VDUs
                all_monitored_vdus = set()
                for delta in scaling_aspect.get("aspect-delta-details", {}).get(
                    "deltas", ()
                ):
                    for vdu_delta in delta.get("vdu-delta", ()):
                        all_monitored_vdus.add(vdu_delta.get("id"))
                monitored_vdurs = list(
                    filter(
                        lambda vdur: vdur["vdu-id-ref"] in all_monitored_vdus,
                        vnfr["vdur"],
                    )
                )
                if not monitored_vdurs:
                    self.logger.error(
                        "Scaling criteria is referring to a vnf-monitoring-param that does not contain a reference to a vdu or vnf metric"
                    )
                    continue
                for scaling_policy in scaling_aspect.get("scaling-policy", ()):
                    if scaling_policy["scaling-type"] != "automatic":
                        continue
                    threshold_time = scaling_policy.get("threshold-time", "1")
                    cooldown_time = scaling_policy.get("cooldown-time", "0")
                    for scaling_criteria in scaling_policy["scaling-criteria"]:
                        monitoring_param_ref = scaling_criteria.get(
                            "vnf-monitoring-param-ref"
                        )
                        vnf_monitoring_param = all_vnfd_monitoring_params[
                            monitoring_param_ref
                        ]
                        for vdur in monitored_vdurs:
                            vdu_id = vdur["vdu-id-ref"]
                            metric_name = vnf_monitoring_param.get("performance-metric")
                            metric_name = f"osm_{metric_name}"
                            vnf_member_index = vnfr["member-vnf-index-ref"]
                            scalein_threshold = scaling_criteria.get(
                                "scale-in-threshold"
                            )
                            scaleout_threshold = scaling_criteria.get(
                                "scale-out-threshold"
                            )
                            # Looking for min/max-number-of-instances
                            instances_min_number = 1
                            instances_max_number = 1
                            vdu_profile = df["vdu-profile"]
                            if vdu_profile:
                                profile = next(
                                    item for item in vdu_profile if item["id"] == vdu_id
                                )
                                instances_min_number = profile.get(
                                    "min-number-of-instances", 1
                                )
                                instances_max_number = profile.get(
                                    "max-number-of-instances", 1
                                )

                            if scalein_threshold:
                                uuid = str(uuid4())
                                name = f"scalein_{uuid}"
                                operation = scaling_criteria[
                                    "scale-in-relational-operation"
                                ]
                                rel_operator = self.rel_operation_types.get(
                                    operation, "<="
                                )
                                metric_selector = f'{metric_name}{{ns_id="{nsr_id}", vnf_member_index="{vnf_member_index}", vdu_id="{vdu_id}"}}'
                                expression = f"(count ({metric_selector}) > {instances_min_number}) and (avg({metric_selector}) {rel_operator} {scalein_threshold})"
                                labels = {
                                    "ns_id": nsr_id,
                                    "vnf_member_index": vnf_member_index,
                                    "vdu_id": vdu_id,
                                }
                                prom_cfg = {
                                    "alert": name,
                                    "expr": expression,
                                    "for": str(threshold_time) + "m",
                                    "labels": labels,
                                }
                                action = scaling_policy
                                action = {
                                    "scaling-group": scaling_group_name,
                                    "cooldown-time": cooldown_time,
                                }
                                alert = {
                                    "uuid": uuid,
                                    "name": name,
                                    "metric": metric_name,
                                    "tags": {
                                        "ns_id": nsr_id,
                                        "vnf_member_index": vnf_member_index,
                                        "vdu_id": vdu_id,
                                    },
                                    "alarm_status": "ok",
                                    "action_type": "scale_in",
                                    "action": action,
                                    "prometheus_config": prom_cfg,
                                }
                                alerts.append(alert)

                            if scaleout_threshold:
                                uuid = str(uuid4())
                                name = f"scaleout_{uuid}"
                                operation = scaling_criteria[
                                    "scale-out-relational-operation"
                                ]
                                rel_operator = self.rel_operation_types.get(
                                    operation, "<="
                                )
                                metric_selector = f'{metric_name}{{ns_id="{nsr_id}", vnf_member_index="{vnf_member_index}", vdu_id="{vdu_id}"}}'
                                expression = f"(count ({metric_selector}) < {instances_max_number}) and (avg({metric_selector}) {rel_operator} {scaleout_threshold})"
                                labels = {
                                    "ns_id": nsr_id,
                                    "vnf_member_index": vnf_member_index,
                                    "vdu_id": vdu_id,
                                }
                                prom_cfg = {
                                    "alert": name,
                                    "expr": expression,
                                    "for": str(threshold_time) + "m",
                                    "labels": labels,
                                }
                                action = scaling_policy
                                action = {
                                    "scaling-group": scaling_group_name,
                                    "cooldown-time": cooldown_time,
                                }
                                alert = {
                                    "uuid": uuid,
                                    "name": name,
                                    "metric": metric_name,
                                    "tags": {
                                        "ns_id": nsr_id,
                                        "vnf_member_index": vnf_member_index,
                                        "vdu_id": vdu_id,
                                    },
                                    "alarm_status": "ok",
                                    "action_type": "scale_out",
                                    "action": action,
                                    "prometheus_config": prom_cfg,
                                }
                                alerts.append(alert)
        return alerts

    def _gather_vnfr_alarm_alerts(self, vnfr, vnfd):
        alerts = []
        nsr_id = vnfr["nsr-id-ref"]
        vnf_member_index = vnfr["member-vnf-index-ref"]

        # Checking for VNF alarm configuration
        for vdur in vnfr["vdur"]:
            vdu_id = vdur["vdu-id-ref"]
            vdu = next(filter(lambda vdu: vdu["id"] == vdu_id, vnfd["vdu"]))
            if "alarm" in vdu:
                # Get VDU monitoring params, since alerts are based on them
                vdu_monitoring_params = {}
                for mp in vdu.get("monitoring-parameter", []):
                    vdu_monitoring_params[mp.get("id")] = mp
                if not vdu_monitoring_params:
                    self.logger.error(
                        "VDU alarm refers to a VDU monitoring param, but there are no VDU monitoring params in the VDU"
                    )
                    continue
                # Get alarms in the VDU
                alarm_descriptors = vdu["alarm"]
                # Create VDU alarms for each alarm in the VDU
                for alarm_descriptor in alarm_descriptors:
                    # Check that the VDU alarm refers to a proper monitoring param
                    alarm_monitoring_param = alarm_descriptor.get(
                        "vnf-monitoring-param-ref", ""
                    )
                    vdu_specific_monitoring_param = vdu_monitoring_params.get(
                        alarm_monitoring_param, {}
                    )
                    if not vdu_specific_monitoring_param:
                        self.logger.error(
                            "VDU alarm refers to a VDU monitoring param not present in the VDU"
                        )
                        continue
                    metric_name = vdu_specific_monitoring_param.get(
                        "performance-metric"
                    )
                    if not metric_name:
                        self.logger.error(
                            "VDU alarm refers to a VDU monitoring param that has no associated performance-metric"
                        )
                        continue
                    # Set params of the alarm to be created in Prometheus
                    metric_name = f"osm_{metric_name}"
                    metric_threshold = alarm_descriptor.get("value")
                    uuid = str(uuid4())
                    alert_name = f"vdu_alarm_{uuid}"
                    operation = alarm_descriptor["operation"]
                    rel_operator = self.rel_operation_types.get(operation, "<=")
                    metric_selector = f'{metric_name}{{ns_id="{nsr_id}", vnf_member_index="{vnf_member_index}", vdu_id="{vdu_id}"}}'
                    expression = f"{metric_selector} {rel_operator} {metric_threshold}"
                    labels = {
                        "ns_id": nsr_id,
                        "vnf_member_index": vnf_member_index,
                        "vdu_id": vdu_id,
                        "vdu_name": "{{ $labels.vdu_name }}",
                    }
                    prom_cfg = {
                        "alert": alert_name,
                        "expr": expression,
                        "for": "1m",  # default value. Ideally, this should be related to an IM param, but there is not such param
                        "labels": labels,
                    }
                    alarm_action = dict()
                    for action_type in ["ok", "insufficient-data", "alarm"]:
                        if (
                            "actions" in alarm_descriptor
                            and action_type in alarm_descriptor["actions"]
                        ):
                            alarm_action[action_type] = alarm_descriptor["actions"][
                                action_type
                            ]
                    alert = {
                        "uuid": uuid,
                        "name": alert_name,
                        "metric": metric_name,
                        "tags": {
                            "ns_id": nsr_id,
                            "vnf_member_index": vnf_member_index,
                            "vdu_id": vdu_id,
                        },
                        "alarm_status": "ok",
                        "action_type": "vdu_alarm",
                        "action": alarm_action,
                        "prometheus_config": prom_cfg,
                    }
                    alerts.append(alert)
        return alerts

    def update_nsrs_with_pla_result(self, params):
        try:
            nslcmop_id = deep_get(params, ("placement", "nslcmopId"))
            self.update_db_2(
                "nslcmops", nslcmop_id, {"_admin.pla": params.get("placement")}
            )
        except Exception as e:
            self.logger.warn("Update failed for nslcmop_id={}:{}".format(nslcmop_id, e))

    async def instantiate(self, nsr_id, nslcmop_id):
        """

        :param nsr_id: ns instance to deploy
        :param nslcmop_id: operation to run
        :return:
        """

        # Try to lock HA task here
        task_is_locked_by_me = self.lcm_tasks.lock_HA("ns", "nslcmops", nslcmop_id)
        if not task_is_locked_by_me:
            self.logger.debug(
                "instantiate() task is not locked by me, ns={}".format(nsr_id)
            )
            return

        logging_text = "Task ns={} instantiate={} ".format(nsr_id, nslcmop_id)
        self.logger.debug(logging_text + "Enter")

        # get all needed from database

        # database nsrs record
        db_nsr = None

        # database nslcmops record
        db_nslcmop = None

        # update operation on nsrs
        db_nsr_update = {}
        # update operation on nslcmops
        db_nslcmop_update = {}

        timeout_ns_deploy = self.timeout.ns_deploy

        nslcmop_operation_state = None
        db_vnfrs = {}  # vnf's info indexed by member-index
        # n2vc_info = {}
        tasks_dict_info = {}  # from task to info text
        exc = None
        error_list = []
        stage = [
            "Stage 1/5: preparation of the environment.",
            "Waiting for previous operations to terminate.",
            "",
        ]
        # ^ stage, step, VIM progress
        try:
            # wait for any previous tasks in process
            await self.lcm_tasks.waitfor_related_HA("ns", "nslcmops", nslcmop_id)

            # STEP 0: Reading database (nslcmops, nsrs, nsds, vnfrs, vnfds)
            stage[1] = "Reading from database."
            # nsState="BUILDING", currentOperation="INSTANTIATING", currentOperationID=nslcmop_id
            db_nsr_update["detailed-status"] = "creating"
            db_nsr_update["operational-status"] = "init"
            self._write_ns_status(
                nsr_id=nsr_id,
                ns_state="BUILDING",
                current_operation="INSTANTIATING",
                current_operation_id=nslcmop_id,
                other_update=db_nsr_update,
            )
            self._write_op_status(op_id=nslcmop_id, stage=stage, queuePosition=0)

            # read from db: operation
            stage[1] = "Getting nslcmop={} from db.".format(nslcmop_id)
            db_nslcmop = self.db.get_one("nslcmops", {"_id": nslcmop_id})
            if db_nslcmop["operationParams"].get("additionalParamsForVnf"):
                db_nslcmop["operationParams"]["additionalParamsForVnf"] = json.loads(
                    db_nslcmop["operationParams"]["additionalParamsForVnf"]
                )
            ns_params = db_nslcmop.get("operationParams")
            if ns_params and ns_params.get("timeout_ns_deploy"):
                timeout_ns_deploy = ns_params["timeout_ns_deploy"]

            # read from db: ns
            stage[1] = "Getting nsr={} from db.".format(nsr_id)
            self.logger.debug(logging_text + stage[1])
            db_nsr = self.db.get_one("nsrs", {"_id": nsr_id})
            stage[1] = "Getting nsd={} from db.".format(db_nsr["nsd-id"])
            self.logger.debug(logging_text + stage[1])
            nsd = self.db.get_one("nsds", {"_id": db_nsr["nsd-id"]})
            self.fs.sync(db_nsr["nsd-id"])
            db_nsr["nsd"] = nsd
            # nsr_name = db_nsr["name"]   # TODO short-name??

            # read from db: vnf's of this ns
            stage[1] = "Getting vnfrs from db."
            self.logger.debug(logging_text + stage[1])
            db_vnfrs_list = self.db.get_list("vnfrs", {"nsr-id-ref": nsr_id})

            # read from db: vnfd's for every vnf
            db_vnfds = []  # every vnfd data

            # for each vnf in ns, read vnfd
            for vnfr in db_vnfrs_list:
                if vnfr.get("kdur"):
                    kdur_list = []
                    for kdur in vnfr["kdur"]:
                        if kdur.get("additionalParams"):
                            kdur["additionalParams"] = json.loads(
                                kdur["additionalParams"]
                            )
                        kdur_list.append(kdur)
                    vnfr["kdur"] = kdur_list

                db_vnfrs[vnfr["member-vnf-index-ref"]] = vnfr
                vnfd_id = vnfr["vnfd-id"]
                vnfd_ref = vnfr["vnfd-ref"]
                self.fs.sync(vnfd_id)

                # if we haven't this vnfd, read it from db
                if vnfd_id not in db_vnfds:
                    # read from db
                    stage[1] = "Getting vnfd={} id='{}' from db.".format(
                        vnfd_id, vnfd_ref
                    )
                    self.logger.debug(logging_text + stage[1])
                    vnfd = self.db.get_one("vnfds", {"_id": vnfd_id})

                    # store vnfd
                    db_vnfds.append(vnfd)

            # Get or generates the _admin.deployed.VCA list
            vca_deployed_list = None
            if db_nsr["_admin"].get("deployed"):
                vca_deployed_list = db_nsr["_admin"]["deployed"].get("VCA")
            if vca_deployed_list is None:
                vca_deployed_list = []
                configuration_status_list = []
                db_nsr_update["_admin.deployed.VCA"] = vca_deployed_list
                db_nsr_update["configurationStatus"] = configuration_status_list
                # add _admin.deployed.VCA to db_nsr dictionary, value=vca_deployed_list
                populate_dict(db_nsr, ("_admin", "deployed", "VCA"), vca_deployed_list)
            elif isinstance(vca_deployed_list, dict):
                # maintain backward compatibility. Change a dict to list at database
                vca_deployed_list = list(vca_deployed_list.values())
                db_nsr_update["_admin.deployed.VCA"] = vca_deployed_list
                populate_dict(db_nsr, ("_admin", "deployed", "VCA"), vca_deployed_list)

            if not isinstance(
                deep_get(db_nsr, ("_admin", "deployed", "RO", "vnfd")), list
            ):
                populate_dict(db_nsr, ("_admin", "deployed", "RO", "vnfd"), [])
                db_nsr_update["_admin.deployed.RO.vnfd"] = []

            # set state to INSTANTIATED. When instantiated NBI will not delete directly
            db_nsr_update["_admin.nsState"] = "INSTANTIATED"
            self.update_db_2("nsrs", nsr_id, db_nsr_update)
            self.db.set_list(
                "vnfrs", {"nsr-id-ref": nsr_id}, {"_admin.nsState": "INSTANTIATED"}
            )

            # n2vc_redesign STEP 2 Deploy Network Scenario
            stage[0] = "Stage 2/5: deployment of KDUs, VMs and execution environments."
            self._write_op_status(op_id=nslcmop_id, stage=stage)

            stage[1] = "Deploying KDUs."
            # self.logger.debug(logging_text + "Before deploy_kdus")
            # Call to deploy_kdus in case exists the "vdu:kdu" param
            await self.deploy_kdus(
                logging_text=logging_text,
                nsr_id=nsr_id,
                nslcmop_id=nslcmop_id,
                db_vnfrs=db_vnfrs,
                db_vnfds=db_vnfds,
                task_instantiation_info=tasks_dict_info,
            )

            stage[1] = "Getting VCA public key."
            # n2vc_redesign STEP 1 Get VCA public ssh-key
            # feature 1429. Add n2vc public key to needed VMs
            n2vc_key = self.n2vc.get_public_key()
            n2vc_key_list = [n2vc_key]
            if self.vca_config.public_key:
                n2vc_key_list.append(self.vca_config.public_key)

            stage[1] = "Deploying NS at VIM."
            task_ro = asyncio.ensure_future(
                self.instantiate_RO(
                    logging_text=logging_text,
                    nsr_id=nsr_id,
                    nsd=nsd,
                    db_nsr=db_nsr,
                    db_nslcmop=db_nslcmop,
                    db_vnfrs=db_vnfrs,
                    db_vnfds=db_vnfds,
                    n2vc_key_list=n2vc_key_list,
                    stage=stage,
                )
            )
            self.lcm_tasks.register("ns", nsr_id, nslcmop_id, "instantiate_RO", task_ro)
            tasks_dict_info[task_ro] = "Deploying at VIM"

            # n2vc_redesign STEP 3 to 6 Deploy N2VC
            stage[1] = "Deploying Execution Environments."
            self.logger.debug(logging_text + stage[1])

            # create namespace and certificate if any helm based EE is present in the NS
            if check_helm_ee_in_ns(db_vnfds):
                await self.vca_map["helm-v3"].setup_ns_namespace(
                    name=nsr_id,
                )
                # create TLS certificates
                await self.vca_map["helm-v3"].create_tls_certificate(
                    secret_name=self.EE_TLS_NAME,
                    dns_prefix="*",
                    nsr_id=nsr_id,
                    usage="server auth",
                    namespace=nsr_id,
                )

            nsi_id = None  # TODO put nsi_id when this nsr belongs to a NSI
            for vnf_profile in get_vnf_profiles(nsd):
                vnfd_id = vnf_profile["vnfd-id"]
                vnfd = find_in_list(db_vnfds, lambda a_vnf: a_vnf["id"] == vnfd_id)
                member_vnf_index = str(vnf_profile["id"])
                db_vnfr = db_vnfrs[member_vnf_index]
                base_folder = vnfd["_admin"]["storage"]
                vdu_id = None
                vdu_index = 0
                vdu_name = None
                kdu_name = None
                kdu_index = None

                # Get additional parameters
                deploy_params = {"OSM": get_osm_params(db_vnfr)}
                if db_vnfr.get("additionalParamsForVnf"):
                    deploy_params.update(
                        parse_yaml_strings(db_vnfr["additionalParamsForVnf"].copy())
                    )

                descriptor_config = get_configuration(vnfd, vnfd["id"])
                if descriptor_config:
                    self._deploy_n2vc(
                        logging_text=logging_text
                        + "member_vnf_index={} ".format(member_vnf_index),
                        db_nsr=db_nsr,
                        db_vnfr=db_vnfr,
                        nslcmop_id=nslcmop_id,
                        nsr_id=nsr_id,
                        nsi_id=nsi_id,
                        vnfd_id=vnfd_id,
                        vdu_id=vdu_id,
                        kdu_name=kdu_name,
                        member_vnf_index=member_vnf_index,
                        vdu_index=vdu_index,
                        kdu_index=kdu_index,
                        vdu_name=vdu_name,
                        deploy_params=deploy_params,
                        descriptor_config=descriptor_config,
                        base_folder=base_folder,
                        task_instantiation_info=tasks_dict_info,
                        stage=stage,
                    )

                # Deploy charms for each VDU that supports one.
                for vdud in get_vdu_list(vnfd):
                    vdu_id = vdud["id"]
                    descriptor_config = get_configuration(vnfd, vdu_id)
                    vdur = find_in_list(
                        db_vnfr["vdur"], lambda vdu: vdu["vdu-id-ref"] == vdu_id
                    )

                    if vdur.get("additionalParams"):
                        deploy_params_vdu = parse_yaml_strings(vdur["additionalParams"])
                    else:
                        deploy_params_vdu = deploy_params
                    deploy_params_vdu["OSM"] = get_osm_params(
                        db_vnfr, vdu_id, vdu_count_index=0
                    )
                    vdud_count = get_number_of_instances(vnfd, vdu_id)

                    self.logger.debug("VDUD > {}".format(vdud))
                    self.logger.debug(
                        "Descriptor config > {}".format(descriptor_config)
                    )
                    if descriptor_config:
                        vdu_name = None
                        kdu_name = None
                        kdu_index = None
                        for vdu_index in range(vdud_count):
                            # TODO vnfr_params["rw_mgmt_ip"] = vdur["ip-address"]
                            self._deploy_n2vc(
                                logging_text=logging_text
                                + "member_vnf_index={}, vdu_id={}, vdu_index={} ".format(
                                    member_vnf_index, vdu_id, vdu_index
                                ),
                                db_nsr=db_nsr,
                                db_vnfr=db_vnfr,
                                nslcmop_id=nslcmop_id,
                                nsr_id=nsr_id,
                                nsi_id=nsi_id,
                                vnfd_id=vnfd_id,
                                vdu_id=vdu_id,
                                kdu_name=kdu_name,
                                kdu_index=kdu_index,
                                member_vnf_index=member_vnf_index,
                                vdu_index=vdu_index,
                                vdu_name=vdu_name,
                                deploy_params=deploy_params_vdu,
                                descriptor_config=descriptor_config,
                                base_folder=base_folder,
                                task_instantiation_info=tasks_dict_info,
                                stage=stage,
                            )
                for kdud in get_kdu_list(vnfd):
                    kdu_name = kdud["name"]
                    descriptor_config = get_configuration(vnfd, kdu_name)
                    if descriptor_config:
                        vdu_id = None
                        vdu_index = 0
                        vdu_name = None
                        kdu_index, kdur = next(
                            x
                            for x in enumerate(db_vnfr["kdur"])
                            if x[1]["kdu-name"] == kdu_name
                        )
                        deploy_params_kdu = {"OSM": get_osm_params(db_vnfr)}
                        if kdur.get("additionalParams"):
                            deploy_params_kdu.update(
                                parse_yaml_strings(kdur["additionalParams"].copy())
                            )

                        self._deploy_n2vc(
                            logging_text=logging_text,
                            db_nsr=db_nsr,
                            db_vnfr=db_vnfr,
                            nslcmop_id=nslcmop_id,
                            nsr_id=nsr_id,
                            nsi_id=nsi_id,
                            vnfd_id=vnfd_id,
                            vdu_id=vdu_id,
                            kdu_name=kdu_name,
                            member_vnf_index=member_vnf_index,
                            vdu_index=vdu_index,
                            kdu_index=kdu_index,
                            vdu_name=vdu_name,
                            deploy_params=deploy_params_kdu,
                            descriptor_config=descriptor_config,
                            base_folder=base_folder,
                            task_instantiation_info=tasks_dict_info,
                            stage=stage,
                        )

            # Check if each vnf has exporter for metric collection if so update prometheus job records
            if "exporters-endpoints" in vnfd.get("df")[0]:
                exporter_config = vnfd.get("df")[0].get("exporters-endpoints")
                self.logger.debug("exporter config :{}".format(exporter_config))
                artifact_path = "{}/{}/{}".format(
                    base_folder["folder"],
                    base_folder["pkg-dir"],
                    "exporter-endpoint",
                )
                ee_id = None
                ee_config_descriptor = exporter_config
                vnfr_id = db_vnfr["id"]
                rw_mgmt_ip = await self.wait_vm_up_insert_key_ro(
                    logging_text,
                    nsr_id,
                    vnfr_id,
                    vdu_id=None,
                    vdu_index=None,
                    user=None,
                    pub_key=None,
                )
                self.logger.debug("rw_mgmt_ip:{}".format(rw_mgmt_ip))
                self.logger.debug("Artifact_path:{}".format(artifact_path))
                db_vnfr = self.db.get_one("vnfrs", {"_id": vnfr_id})
                vdu_id_for_prom = None
                vdu_index_for_prom = None
                for x in get_iterable(db_vnfr, "vdur"):
                    vdu_id_for_prom = x.get("vdu-id-ref")
                    vdu_index_for_prom = x.get("count-index")
                prometheus_jobs = await self.extract_prometheus_scrape_jobs(
                    ee_id=ee_id,
                    artifact_path=artifact_path,
                    ee_config_descriptor=ee_config_descriptor,
                    vnfr_id=vnfr_id,
                    nsr_id=nsr_id,
                    target_ip=rw_mgmt_ip,
                    element_type="VDU",
                    vdu_id=vdu_id_for_prom,
                    vdu_index=vdu_index_for_prom,
                )

                self.logger.debug("Prometheus job:{}".format(prometheus_jobs))
                if prometheus_jobs:
                    db_nsr_update["_admin.deployed.prometheus_jobs"] = prometheus_jobs
                    self.update_db_2(
                        "nsrs",
                        nsr_id,
                        db_nsr_update,
                    )

                    for job in prometheus_jobs:
                        self.db.set_one(
                            "prometheus_jobs",
                            {"job_name": job["job_name"]},
                            job,
                            upsert=True,
                            fail_on_empty=False,
                        )

            # Check if this NS has a charm configuration
            descriptor_config = nsd.get("ns-configuration")
            if descriptor_config and descriptor_config.get("juju"):
                vnfd_id = None
                db_vnfr = None
                member_vnf_index = None
                vdu_id = None
                kdu_name = None
                kdu_index = None
                vdu_index = 0
                vdu_name = None

                # Get additional parameters
                deploy_params = {"OSM": {"vim_account_id": ns_params["vimAccountId"]}}
                if db_nsr.get("additionalParamsForNs"):
                    deploy_params.update(
                        parse_yaml_strings(db_nsr["additionalParamsForNs"].copy())
                    )
                base_folder = nsd["_admin"]["storage"]
                self._deploy_n2vc(
                    logging_text=logging_text,
                    db_nsr=db_nsr,
                    db_vnfr=db_vnfr,
                    nslcmop_id=nslcmop_id,
                    nsr_id=nsr_id,
                    nsi_id=nsi_id,
                    vnfd_id=vnfd_id,
                    vdu_id=vdu_id,
                    kdu_name=kdu_name,
                    member_vnf_index=member_vnf_index,
                    vdu_index=vdu_index,
                    kdu_index=kdu_index,
                    vdu_name=vdu_name,
                    deploy_params=deploy_params,
                    descriptor_config=descriptor_config,
                    base_folder=base_folder,
                    task_instantiation_info=tasks_dict_info,
                    stage=stage,
                )

            # rest of staff will be done at finally

        except (
            ROclient.ROClientException,
            DbException,
            LcmException,
            N2VCException,
        ) as e:
            self.logger.error(
                logging_text + "Exit Exception while '{}': {}".format(stage[1], e)
            )
            exc = e
        except asyncio.CancelledError:
            self.logger.error(
                logging_text + "Cancelled Exception while '{}'".format(stage[1])
            )
            exc = "Operation was cancelled"
        except Exception as e:
            exc = traceback.format_exc()
            self.logger.critical(
                logging_text + "Exit Exception while '{}': {}".format(stage[1], e),
                exc_info=True,
            )
        finally:
            if exc:
                error_list.append(str(exc))
            try:
                # wait for pending tasks
                if tasks_dict_info:
                    stage[1] = "Waiting for instantiate pending tasks."
                    self.logger.debug(logging_text + stage[1])
                    error_list += await self._wait_for_tasks(
                        logging_text,
                        tasks_dict_info,
                        timeout_ns_deploy,
                        stage,
                        nslcmop_id,
                        nsr_id=nsr_id,
                    )
                stage[1] = stage[2] = ""
            except asyncio.CancelledError:
                error_list.append("Cancelled")
                await self._cancel_pending_tasks(logging_text, tasks_dict_info)
                await self._wait_for_tasks(
                    logging_text,
                    tasks_dict_info,
                    timeout_ns_deploy,
                    stage,
                    nslcmop_id,
                    nsr_id=nsr_id,
                )
            except Exception as exc:
                error_list.append(str(exc))

            # update operation-status
            db_nsr_update["operational-status"] = "running"
            # let's begin with VCA 'configured' status (later we can change it)
            db_nsr_update["config-status"] = "configured"
            for task, task_name in tasks_dict_info.items():
                if not task.done() or task.cancelled() or task.exception():
                    if task_name.startswith(self.task_name_deploy_vca):
                        # A N2VC task is pending
                        db_nsr_update["config-status"] = "failed"
                    else:
                        # RO or KDU task is pending
                        db_nsr_update["operational-status"] = "failed"

            # update status at database
            if error_list:
                error_detail = ". ".join(error_list)
                self.logger.error(logging_text + error_detail)
                error_description_nslcmop = "{} Detail: {}".format(
                    stage[0], error_detail
                )
                error_description_nsr = "Operation: INSTANTIATING.{}, {}".format(
                    nslcmop_id, stage[0]
                )

                db_nsr_update["detailed-status"] = (
                    error_description_nsr + " Detail: " + error_detail
                )
                db_nslcmop_update["detailed-status"] = error_detail
                nslcmop_operation_state = "FAILED"
                ns_state = "BROKEN"
            else:
                error_detail = None
                error_description_nsr = error_description_nslcmop = None
                ns_state = "READY"
                db_nsr_update["detailed-status"] = "Done"
                db_nslcmop_update["detailed-status"] = "Done"
                nslcmop_operation_state = "COMPLETED"
                # Gather auto-healing and auto-scaling alerts for each vnfr
                healing_alerts = []
                scaling_alerts = []
                for vnfr in self.db.get_list("vnfrs", {"nsr-id-ref": nsr_id}):
                    vnfd = next(
                        (sub for sub in db_vnfds if sub["_id"] == vnfr["vnfd-id"]), None
                    )
                    healing_alerts = self._gather_vnfr_healing_alerts(vnfr, vnfd)
                    for alert in healing_alerts:
                        self.logger.info(f"Storing healing alert in MongoDB: {alert}")
                        self.db.create("alerts", alert)

                    scaling_alerts = self._gather_vnfr_scaling_alerts(vnfr, vnfd)
                    for alert in scaling_alerts:
                        self.logger.info(f"Storing scaling alert in MongoDB: {alert}")
                        self.db.create("alerts", alert)

                    alarm_alerts = self._gather_vnfr_alarm_alerts(vnfr, vnfd)
                    for alert in alarm_alerts:
                        self.logger.info(f"Storing VNF alarm alert in MongoDB: {alert}")
                        self.db.create("alerts", alert)
            if db_nsr:
                self._write_ns_status(
                    nsr_id=nsr_id,
                    ns_state=ns_state,
                    current_operation="IDLE",
                    current_operation_id=None,
                    error_description=error_description_nsr,
                    error_detail=error_detail,
                    other_update=db_nsr_update,
                )
            self._write_op_status(
                op_id=nslcmop_id,
                stage="",
                error_message=error_description_nslcmop,
                operation_state=nslcmop_operation_state,
                other_update=db_nslcmop_update,
            )

            if nslcmop_operation_state:
                try:
                    await self.msg.aiowrite(
                        "ns",
                        "instantiated",
                        {
                            "nsr_id": nsr_id,
                            "nslcmop_id": nslcmop_id,
                            "operationState": nslcmop_operation_state,
                            "startTime": db_nslcmop["startTime"],
                            "links": db_nslcmop["links"],
                            "operationParams": {
                                "nsInstanceId": nsr_id,
                                "nsdId": db_nsr["nsd-id"],
                            },
                        },
                    )
                except Exception as e:
                    self.logger.error(
                        logging_text + "kafka_write notification Exception {}".format(e)
                    )

            self.logger.debug(logging_text + "Exit")
            self.lcm_tasks.remove("ns", nsr_id, nslcmop_id, "ns_instantiate")

    def _get_vnfd(self, vnfd_id: str, projects_read: str, cached_vnfds: Dict[str, Any]):
        if vnfd_id not in cached_vnfds:
            cached_vnfds[vnfd_id] = self.db.get_one(
                "vnfds", {"id": vnfd_id, "_admin.projects_read": projects_read}
            )
        return cached_vnfds[vnfd_id]

    def _get_vnfr(self, nsr_id: str, vnf_profile_id: str, cached_vnfrs: Dict[str, Any]):
        if vnf_profile_id not in cached_vnfrs:
            cached_vnfrs[vnf_profile_id] = self.db.get_one(
                "vnfrs",
                {
                    "member-vnf-index-ref": vnf_profile_id,
                    "nsr-id-ref": nsr_id,
                },
            )
        return cached_vnfrs[vnf_profile_id]

    def _is_deployed_vca_in_relation(
        self, vca: DeployedVCA, relation: Relation
    ) -> bool:
        found = False
        for endpoint in (relation.provider, relation.requirer):
            if endpoint["kdu-resource-profile-id"]:
                continue
            found = (
                vca.vnf_profile_id == endpoint.vnf_profile_id
                and vca.vdu_profile_id == endpoint.vdu_profile_id
                and vca.execution_environment_ref == endpoint.execution_environment_ref
            )
            if found:
                break
        return found

    def _update_ee_relation_data_with_implicit_data(
        self, nsr_id, nsd, ee_relation_data, cached_vnfds, vnf_profile_id: str = None
    ):
        ee_relation_data = safe_get_ee_relation(
            nsr_id, ee_relation_data, vnf_profile_id=vnf_profile_id
        )
        ee_relation_level = EELevel.get_level(ee_relation_data)
        if (ee_relation_level in (EELevel.VNF, EELevel.VDU)) and not ee_relation_data[
            "execution-environment-ref"
        ]:
            vnf_profile = get_vnf_profile(nsd, ee_relation_data["vnf-profile-id"])
            vnfd_id = vnf_profile["vnfd-id"]
            project = nsd["_admin"]["projects_read"][0]
            db_vnfd = self._get_vnfd(vnfd_id, project, cached_vnfds)
            entity_id = (
                vnfd_id
                if ee_relation_level == EELevel.VNF
                else ee_relation_data["vdu-profile-id"]
            )
            ee = get_juju_ee_ref(db_vnfd, entity_id)
            if not ee:
                raise Exception(
                    f"not execution environments found for ee_relation {ee_relation_data}"
                )
            ee_relation_data["execution-environment-ref"] = ee["id"]
        return ee_relation_data

    def _get_ns_relations(
        self,
        nsr_id: str,
        nsd: Dict[str, Any],
        vca: DeployedVCA,
        cached_vnfds: Dict[str, Any],
    ) -> List[Relation]:
        relations = []
        db_ns_relations = get_ns_configuration_relation_list(nsd)
        for r in db_ns_relations:
            provider_dict = None
            requirer_dict = None
            if all(key in r for key in ("provider", "requirer")):
                provider_dict = r["provider"]
                requirer_dict = r["requirer"]
            elif "entities" in r:
                provider_id = r["entities"][0]["id"]
                provider_dict = {
                    "nsr-id": nsr_id,
                    "endpoint": r["entities"][0]["endpoint"],
                }
                if provider_id != nsd["id"]:
                    provider_dict["vnf-profile-id"] = provider_id
                requirer_id = r["entities"][1]["id"]
                requirer_dict = {
                    "nsr-id": nsr_id,
                    "endpoint": r["entities"][1]["endpoint"],
                }
                if requirer_id != nsd["id"]:
                    requirer_dict["vnf-profile-id"] = requirer_id
            else:
                raise Exception(
                    "provider/requirer or entities must be included in the relation."
                )
            relation_provider = self._update_ee_relation_data_with_implicit_data(
                nsr_id, nsd, provider_dict, cached_vnfds
            )
            relation_requirer = self._update_ee_relation_data_with_implicit_data(
                nsr_id, nsd, requirer_dict, cached_vnfds
            )
            provider = EERelation(relation_provider)
            requirer = EERelation(relation_requirer)
            relation = Relation(r["name"], provider, requirer)
            vca_in_relation = self._is_deployed_vca_in_relation(vca, relation)
            if vca_in_relation:
                relations.append(relation)
        return relations

    def _get_vnf_relations(
        self,
        nsr_id: str,
        nsd: Dict[str, Any],
        vca: DeployedVCA,
        cached_vnfds: Dict[str, Any],
    ) -> List[Relation]:
        relations = []
        if vca.target_element == "ns":
            self.logger.debug("VCA is a NS charm, not a VNF.")
            return relations
        vnf_profile = get_vnf_profile(nsd, vca.vnf_profile_id)
        vnf_profile_id = vnf_profile["id"]
        vnfd_id = vnf_profile["vnfd-id"]
        project = nsd["_admin"]["projects_read"][0]
        db_vnfd = self._get_vnfd(vnfd_id, project, cached_vnfds)
        db_vnf_relations = get_relation_list(db_vnfd, vnfd_id)
        for r in db_vnf_relations:
            provider_dict = None
            requirer_dict = None
            if all(key in r for key in ("provider", "requirer")):
                provider_dict = r["provider"]
                requirer_dict = r["requirer"]
            elif "entities" in r:
                provider_id = r["entities"][0]["id"]
                provider_dict = {
                    "nsr-id": nsr_id,
                    "vnf-profile-id": vnf_profile_id,
                    "endpoint": r["entities"][0]["endpoint"],
                }
                if provider_id != vnfd_id:
                    provider_dict["vdu-profile-id"] = provider_id
                requirer_id = r["entities"][1]["id"]
                requirer_dict = {
                    "nsr-id": nsr_id,
                    "vnf-profile-id": vnf_profile_id,
                    "endpoint": r["entities"][1]["endpoint"],
                }
                if requirer_id != vnfd_id:
                    requirer_dict["vdu-profile-id"] = requirer_id
            else:
                raise Exception(
                    "provider/requirer or entities must be included in the relation."
                )
            relation_provider = self._update_ee_relation_data_with_implicit_data(
                nsr_id, nsd, provider_dict, cached_vnfds, vnf_profile_id=vnf_profile_id
            )
            relation_requirer = self._update_ee_relation_data_with_implicit_data(
                nsr_id, nsd, requirer_dict, cached_vnfds, vnf_profile_id=vnf_profile_id
            )
            provider = EERelation(relation_provider)
            requirer = EERelation(relation_requirer)
            relation = Relation(r["name"], provider, requirer)
            vca_in_relation = self._is_deployed_vca_in_relation(vca, relation)
            if vca_in_relation:
                relations.append(relation)
        return relations

    def _get_kdu_resource_data(
        self,
        ee_relation: EERelation,
        db_nsr: Dict[str, Any],
        cached_vnfds: Dict[str, Any],
    ) -> DeployedK8sResource:
        nsd = get_nsd(db_nsr)
        vnf_profiles = get_vnf_profiles(nsd)
        vnfd_id = find_in_list(
            vnf_profiles,
            lambda vnf_profile: vnf_profile["id"] == ee_relation.vnf_profile_id,
        )["vnfd-id"]
        project = nsd["_admin"]["projects_read"][0]
        db_vnfd = self._get_vnfd(vnfd_id, project, cached_vnfds)
        kdu_resource_profile = get_kdu_resource_profile(
            db_vnfd, ee_relation.kdu_resource_profile_id
        )
        kdu_name = kdu_resource_profile["kdu-name"]
        deployed_kdu, _ = get_deployed_kdu(
            db_nsr.get("_admin", ()).get("deployed", ()),
            kdu_name,
            ee_relation.vnf_profile_id,
        )
        deployed_kdu.update({"resource-name": kdu_resource_profile["resource-name"]})
        return deployed_kdu

    def _get_deployed_component(
        self,
        ee_relation: EERelation,
        db_nsr: Dict[str, Any],
        cached_vnfds: Dict[str, Any],
    ) -> DeployedComponent:
        nsr_id = db_nsr["_id"]
        deployed_component = None
        ee_level = EELevel.get_level(ee_relation)
        if ee_level == EELevel.NS:
            vca = get_deployed_vca(db_nsr, {"vdu_id": None, "member-vnf-index": None})
            if vca:
                deployed_component = DeployedVCA(nsr_id, vca)
        elif ee_level == EELevel.VNF:
            vca = get_deployed_vca(
                db_nsr,
                {
                    "vdu_id": None,
                    "member-vnf-index": ee_relation.vnf_profile_id,
                    "ee_descriptor_id": ee_relation.execution_environment_ref,
                },
            )
            if vca:
                deployed_component = DeployedVCA(nsr_id, vca)
        elif ee_level == EELevel.VDU:
            vca = get_deployed_vca(
                db_nsr,
                {
                    "vdu_id": ee_relation.vdu_profile_id,
                    "member-vnf-index": ee_relation.vnf_profile_id,
                    "ee_descriptor_id": ee_relation.execution_environment_ref,
                },
            )
            if vca:
                deployed_component = DeployedVCA(nsr_id, vca)
        elif ee_level == EELevel.KDU:
            kdu_resource_data = self._get_kdu_resource_data(
                ee_relation, db_nsr, cached_vnfds
            )
            if kdu_resource_data:
                deployed_component = DeployedK8sResource(kdu_resource_data)
        return deployed_component

    async def _add_relation(
        self,
        relation: Relation,
        vca_type: str,
        db_nsr: Dict[str, Any],
        cached_vnfds: Dict[str, Any],
        cached_vnfrs: Dict[str, Any],
    ) -> bool:
        deployed_provider = self._get_deployed_component(
            relation.provider, db_nsr, cached_vnfds
        )
        deployed_requirer = self._get_deployed_component(
            relation.requirer, db_nsr, cached_vnfds
        )
        if (
            deployed_provider
            and deployed_requirer
            and deployed_provider.config_sw_installed
            and deployed_requirer.config_sw_installed
        ):
            provider_db_vnfr = (
                self._get_vnfr(
                    relation.provider.nsr_id,
                    relation.provider.vnf_profile_id,
                    cached_vnfrs,
                )
                if relation.provider.vnf_profile_id
                else None
            )
            requirer_db_vnfr = (
                self._get_vnfr(
                    relation.requirer.nsr_id,
                    relation.requirer.vnf_profile_id,
                    cached_vnfrs,
                )
                if relation.requirer.vnf_profile_id
                else None
            )
            provider_vca_id = self.get_vca_id(provider_db_vnfr, db_nsr)
            requirer_vca_id = self.get_vca_id(requirer_db_vnfr, db_nsr)
            provider_relation_endpoint = RelationEndpoint(
                deployed_provider.ee_id,
                provider_vca_id,
                relation.provider.endpoint,
            )
            requirer_relation_endpoint = RelationEndpoint(
                deployed_requirer.ee_id,
                requirer_vca_id,
                relation.requirer.endpoint,
            )
            try:
                await self.vca_map[vca_type].add_relation(
                    provider=provider_relation_endpoint,
                    requirer=requirer_relation_endpoint,
                )
            except N2VCException as exception:
                self.logger.error(exception)
                raise LcmException(exception)
            return True
        return False

    async def _add_vca_relations(
        self,
        logging_text,
        nsr_id,
        vca_type: str,
        vca_index: int,
        timeout: int = 3600,
    ) -> bool:
        # steps:
        # 1. find all relations for this VCA
        # 2. wait for other peers related
        # 3. add relations

        try:
            # STEP 1: find all relations for this VCA

            # read nsr record
            db_nsr = self.db.get_one("nsrs", {"_id": nsr_id})
            nsd = get_nsd(db_nsr)

            # this VCA data
            deployed_vca_dict = get_deployed_vca_list(db_nsr)[vca_index]
            my_vca = DeployedVCA(nsr_id, deployed_vca_dict)

            cached_vnfds = {}
            cached_vnfrs = {}
            relations = []
            relations.extend(self._get_ns_relations(nsr_id, nsd, my_vca, cached_vnfds))
            relations.extend(self._get_vnf_relations(nsr_id, nsd, my_vca, cached_vnfds))

            # if no relations, terminate
            if not relations:
                self.logger.debug(logging_text + " No relations")
                return True

            self.logger.debug(logging_text + " adding relations {}".format(relations))

            # add all relations
            start = time()
            while True:
                # check timeout
                now = time()
                if now - start >= timeout:
                    self.logger.error(logging_text + " : timeout adding relations")
                    return False

                # reload nsr from database (we need to update record: _admin.deployed.VCA)
                db_nsr = self.db.get_one("nsrs", {"_id": nsr_id})

                # for each relation, find the VCA's related
                for relation in relations.copy():
                    added = await self._add_relation(
                        relation,
                        vca_type,
                        db_nsr,
                        cached_vnfds,
                        cached_vnfrs,
                    )
                    if added:
                        relations.remove(relation)

                if not relations:
                    self.logger.debug("Relations added")
                    break
                await asyncio.sleep(5.0)

            return True

        except Exception as e:
            self.logger.warn(logging_text + " ERROR adding relations: {}".format(e))
            return False

    async def _install_kdu(
        self,
        nsr_id: str,
        nsr_db_path: str,
        vnfr_data: dict,
        kdu_index: int,
        kdud: dict,
        vnfd: dict,
        k8s_instance_info: dict,
        k8params: dict = None,
        timeout: int = 600,
        vca_id: str = None,
    ):
        try:
            k8sclustertype = k8s_instance_info["k8scluster-type"]
            # Instantiate kdu
            db_dict_install = {
                "collection": "nsrs",
                "filter": {"_id": nsr_id},
                "path": nsr_db_path,
            }

            if k8s_instance_info.get("kdu-deployment-name"):
                kdu_instance = k8s_instance_info.get("kdu-deployment-name")
            else:
                kdu_instance = self.k8scluster_map[
                    k8sclustertype
                ].generate_kdu_instance_name(
                    db_dict=db_dict_install,
                    kdu_model=k8s_instance_info["kdu-model"],
                    kdu_name=k8s_instance_info["kdu-name"],
                )

            # Update the nsrs table with the kdu-instance value
            self.update_db_2(
                item="nsrs",
                _id=nsr_id,
                _desc={nsr_db_path + ".kdu-instance": kdu_instance},
            )

            # Update the nsrs table with the actual namespace being used, if the k8scluster-type is `juju` or
            # `juju-bundle`. This verification is needed because there is not a standard/homogeneous namespace
            # between the Helm Charts and Juju Bundles-based KNFs. If we found a way of having an homogeneous
            # namespace, this first verification could be removed, and the next step would be done for any kind
            # of KNF.
            # TODO -> find a way to have an homogeneous namespace between the Helm Charts and Juju Bundles-based
            # KNFs (Bug 2027: https://osm.etsi.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=2027)
            if k8sclustertype in ("juju", "juju-bundle"):
                # First, verify if the current namespace is present in the `_admin.projects_read` (if not, it means
                # that the user passed a namespace which he wants its KDU to be deployed in)
                if (
                    self.db.count(
                        table="nsrs",
                        q_filter={
                            "_id": nsr_id,
                            "_admin.projects_write": k8s_instance_info["namespace"],
                            "_admin.projects_read": k8s_instance_info["namespace"],
                        },
                    )
                    > 0
                ):
                    self.logger.debug(
                        f"Updating namespace/model for Juju Bundle from {k8s_instance_info['namespace']} to {kdu_instance}"
                    )
                    self.update_db_2(
                        item="nsrs",
                        _id=nsr_id,
                        _desc={f"{nsr_db_path}.namespace": kdu_instance},
                    )
                    k8s_instance_info["namespace"] = kdu_instance

            await self.k8scluster_map[k8sclustertype].install(
                cluster_uuid=k8s_instance_info["k8scluster-uuid"],
                kdu_model=k8s_instance_info["kdu-model"],
                atomic=True,
                params=k8params,
                db_dict=db_dict_install,
                timeout=timeout,
                kdu_name=k8s_instance_info["kdu-name"],
                namespace=k8s_instance_info["namespace"],
                kdu_instance=kdu_instance,
                vca_id=vca_id,
            )

            # Obtain services to obtain management service ip
            services = await self.k8scluster_map[k8sclustertype].get_services(
                cluster_uuid=k8s_instance_info["k8scluster-uuid"],
                kdu_instance=kdu_instance,
                namespace=k8s_instance_info["namespace"],
            )

            # Obtain management service info (if exists)
            vnfr_update_dict = {}
            kdu_config = get_configuration(vnfd, kdud["name"])
            if kdu_config:
                target_ee_list = kdu_config.get("execution-environment-list", [])
            else:
                target_ee_list = []

            if services:
                vnfr_update_dict["kdur.{}.services".format(kdu_index)] = services
                mgmt_services = [
                    service
                    for service in kdud.get("service", [])
                    if service.get("mgmt-service")
                ]
                for mgmt_service in mgmt_services:
                    for service in services:
                        if service["name"].startswith(mgmt_service["name"]):
                            # Mgmt service found, Obtain service ip
                            ip = service.get("external_ip", service.get("cluster_ip"))
                            if isinstance(ip, list) and len(ip) == 1:
                                ip = ip[0]

                            vnfr_update_dict[
                                "kdur.{}.ip-address".format(kdu_index)
                            ] = ip

                            # Check if must update also mgmt ip at the vnf
                            service_external_cp = mgmt_service.get(
                                "external-connection-point-ref"
                            )
                            if service_external_cp:
                                if (
                                    deep_get(vnfd, ("mgmt-interface", "cp"))
                                    == service_external_cp
                                ):
                                    vnfr_update_dict["ip-address"] = ip

                                if find_in_list(
                                    target_ee_list,
                                    lambda ee: ee.get(
                                        "external-connection-point-ref", ""
                                    )
                                    == service_external_cp,
                                ):
                                    vnfr_update_dict[
                                        "kdur.{}.ip-address".format(kdu_index)
                                    ] = ip
                            break
                    else:
                        self.logger.warn(
                            "Mgmt service name: {} not found".format(
                                mgmt_service["name"]
                            )
                        )

            vnfr_update_dict["kdur.{}.status".format(kdu_index)] = "READY"
            self.update_db_2("vnfrs", vnfr_data.get("_id"), vnfr_update_dict)

            kdu_config = get_configuration(vnfd, k8s_instance_info["kdu-name"])
            if (
                kdu_config
                and kdu_config.get("initial-config-primitive")
                and get_juju_ee_ref(vnfd, k8s_instance_info["kdu-name"]) is None
            ):
                initial_config_primitive_list = kdu_config.get(
                    "initial-config-primitive"
                )
                initial_config_primitive_list.sort(key=lambda val: int(val["seq"]))

                for initial_config_primitive in initial_config_primitive_list:
                    primitive_params_ = self._map_primitive_params(
                        initial_config_primitive, {}, {}
                    )

                    await asyncio.wait_for(
                        self.k8scluster_map[k8sclustertype].exec_primitive(
                            cluster_uuid=k8s_instance_info["k8scluster-uuid"],
                            kdu_instance=kdu_instance,
                            primitive_name=initial_config_primitive["name"],
                            params=primitive_params_,
                            db_dict=db_dict_install,
                            vca_id=vca_id,
                        ),
                        timeout=timeout,
                    )

        except Exception as e:
            # Prepare update db with error and raise exception
            try:
                self.update_db_2(
                    "nsrs", nsr_id, {nsr_db_path + ".detailed-status": str(e)}
                )
                self.update_db_2(
                    "vnfrs",
                    vnfr_data.get("_id"),
                    {"kdur.{}.status".format(kdu_index): "ERROR"},
                )
            except Exception as error:
                # ignore to keep original exception
                self.logger.warning(
                    f"An exception occurred while updating DB: {str(error)}"
                )
            # reraise original error
            raise

        return kdu_instance

    async def deploy_kdus(
        self,
        logging_text,
        nsr_id,
        nslcmop_id,
        db_vnfrs,
        db_vnfds,
        task_instantiation_info,
    ):
        # Launch kdus if present in the descriptor

        k8scluster_id_2_uuic = {
            "helm-chart-v3": {},
            "juju-bundle": {},
        }

        async def _get_cluster_id(cluster_id, cluster_type):
            nonlocal k8scluster_id_2_uuic
            if cluster_id in k8scluster_id_2_uuic[cluster_type]:
                return k8scluster_id_2_uuic[cluster_type][cluster_id]

            # check if K8scluster is creating and wait look if previous tasks in process
            task_name, task_dependency = self.lcm_tasks.lookfor_related(
                "k8scluster", cluster_id
            )
            if task_dependency:
                text = "Waiting for related tasks '{}' on k8scluster {} to be completed".format(
                    task_name, cluster_id
                )
                self.logger.debug(logging_text + text)
                await asyncio.wait(task_dependency, timeout=3600)

            db_k8scluster = self.db.get_one(
                "k8sclusters", {"_id": cluster_id}, fail_on_empty=False
            )
            if not db_k8scluster:
                raise LcmException("K8s cluster {} cannot be found".format(cluster_id))

            k8s_id = deep_get(db_k8scluster, ("_admin", cluster_type, "id"))
            if not k8s_id:
                if cluster_type == "helm-chart-v3":
                    try:
                        # backward compatibility for existing clusters that have not been initialized for helm v3
                        k8s_credentials = yaml.safe_dump(
                            db_k8scluster.get("credentials")
                        )
                        k8s_id, uninstall_sw = await self.k8sclusterhelm3.init_env(
                            k8s_credentials, reuse_cluster_uuid=cluster_id
                        )
                        db_k8scluster_update = {}
                        db_k8scluster_update["_admin.helm-chart-v3.error_msg"] = None
                        db_k8scluster_update["_admin.helm-chart-v3.id"] = k8s_id
                        db_k8scluster_update[
                            "_admin.helm-chart-v3.created"
                        ] = uninstall_sw
                        db_k8scluster_update[
                            "_admin.helm-chart-v3.operationalState"
                        ] = "ENABLED"
                        self.update_db_2(
                            "k8sclusters", cluster_id, db_k8scluster_update
                        )
                    except Exception as e:
                        self.logger.error(
                            logging_text
                            + "error initializing helm-v3 cluster: {}".format(str(e))
                        )
                        raise LcmException(
                            "K8s cluster '{}' has not been initialized for '{}'".format(
                                cluster_id, cluster_type
                            )
                        )
                else:
                    raise LcmException(
                        "K8s cluster '{}' has not been initialized for '{}'".format(
                            cluster_id, cluster_type
                        )
                    )
            k8scluster_id_2_uuic[cluster_type][cluster_id] = k8s_id
            return k8s_id

        logging_text += "Deploy kdus: "
        step = ""
        try:
            db_nsr_update = {"_admin.deployed.K8s": []}
            self.update_db_2("nsrs", nsr_id, db_nsr_update)

            index = 0
            updated_cluster_list = []
            updated_v3_cluster_list = []

            for vnfr_data in db_vnfrs.values():
                vca_id = self.get_vca_id(vnfr_data, {})
                for kdu_index, kdur in enumerate(get_iterable(vnfr_data, "kdur")):
                    # Step 0: Prepare and set parameters
                    desc_params = parse_yaml_strings(kdur.get("additionalParams"))
                    vnfd_id = vnfr_data.get("vnfd-id")
                    vnfd_with_id = find_in_list(
                        db_vnfds, lambda vnfd: vnfd["_id"] == vnfd_id
                    )
                    kdud = next(
                        kdud
                        for kdud in vnfd_with_id["kdu"]
                        if kdud["name"] == kdur["kdu-name"]
                    )
                    namespace = kdur.get("k8s-namespace")
                    kdu_deployment_name = kdur.get("kdu-deployment-name")
                    if kdur.get("helm-chart"):
                        kdumodel = kdur["helm-chart"]
                        # Default version: helm3, if helm-version is v2 assign v2
                        k8sclustertype = "helm-chart-v3"
                        self.logger.debug("kdur: {}".format(kdur))
                    elif kdur.get("juju-bundle"):
                        kdumodel = kdur["juju-bundle"]
                        k8sclustertype = "juju-bundle"
                    else:
                        raise LcmException(
                            "kdu type for kdu='{}.{}' is neither helm-chart nor "
                            "juju-bundle. Maybe an old NBI version is running".format(
                                vnfr_data["member-vnf-index-ref"], kdur["kdu-name"]
                            )
                        )
                    # check if kdumodel is a file and exists
                    try:
                        vnfd_with_id = find_in_list(
                            db_vnfds, lambda vnfd: vnfd["_id"] == vnfd_id
                        )
                        storage = deep_get(vnfd_with_id, ("_admin", "storage"))
                        if storage:  # may be not present if vnfd has not artifacts
                            # path format: /vnfdid/pkkdir/helm-charts|juju-bundles/kdumodel
                            if storage["pkg-dir"]:
                                filename = "{}/{}/{}s/{}".format(
                                    storage["folder"],
                                    storage["pkg-dir"],
                                    k8sclustertype,
                                    kdumodel,
                                )
                            else:
                                filename = "{}/Scripts/{}s/{}".format(
                                    storage["folder"],
                                    k8sclustertype,
                                    kdumodel,
                                )
                            if self.fs.file_exists(
                                filename, mode="file"
                            ) or self.fs.file_exists(filename, mode="dir"):
                                kdumodel = self.fs.path + filename
                    except (asyncio.TimeoutError, asyncio.CancelledError):
                        raise
                    except Exception as e:  # it is not a file
                        self.logger.warning(f"An exception occurred: {str(e)}")

                    k8s_cluster_id = kdur["k8s-cluster"]["id"]
                    step = "Synchronize repos for k8s cluster '{}'".format(
                        k8s_cluster_id
                    )
                    cluster_uuid = await _get_cluster_id(k8s_cluster_id, k8sclustertype)

                    # Synchronize  repos
                    if (
                        k8sclustertype == "helm-chart"
                        and cluster_uuid not in updated_cluster_list
                    ) or (
                        k8sclustertype == "helm-chart-v3"
                        and cluster_uuid not in updated_v3_cluster_list
                    ):
                        del_repo_list, added_repo_dict = await asyncio.ensure_future(
                            self.k8scluster_map[k8sclustertype].synchronize_repos(
                                cluster_uuid=cluster_uuid
                            )
                        )
                        if del_repo_list or added_repo_dict:
                            if k8sclustertype == "helm-chart":
                                unset = {
                                    "_admin.helm_charts_added." + item: None
                                    for item in del_repo_list
                                }
                                updated = {
                                    "_admin.helm_charts_added." + item: name
                                    for item, name in added_repo_dict.items()
                                }
                                updated_cluster_list.append(cluster_uuid)
                            elif k8sclustertype == "helm-chart-v3":
                                unset = {
                                    "_admin.helm_charts_v3_added." + item: None
                                    for item in del_repo_list
                                }
                                updated = {
                                    "_admin.helm_charts_v3_added." + item: name
                                    for item, name in added_repo_dict.items()
                                }
                                updated_v3_cluster_list.append(cluster_uuid)
                            self.logger.debug(
                                logging_text + "repos synchronized on k8s cluster "
                                "'{}' to_delete: {}, to_add: {}".format(
                                    k8s_cluster_id, del_repo_list, added_repo_dict
                                )
                            )
                            self.db.set_one(
                                "k8sclusters",
                                {"_id": k8s_cluster_id},
                                updated,
                                unset=unset,
                            )

                    # Instantiate kdu
                    step = "Instantiating KDU {}.{} in k8s cluster {}".format(
                        vnfr_data["member-vnf-index-ref"],
                        kdur["kdu-name"],
                        k8s_cluster_id,
                    )
                    k8s_instance_info = {
                        "kdu-instance": None,
                        "k8scluster-uuid": cluster_uuid,
                        "k8scluster-type": k8sclustertype,
                        "member-vnf-index": vnfr_data["member-vnf-index-ref"],
                        "kdu-name": kdur["kdu-name"],
                        "kdu-model": kdumodel,
                        "namespace": namespace,
                        "kdu-deployment-name": kdu_deployment_name,
                    }
                    db_path = "_admin.deployed.K8s.{}".format(index)
                    db_nsr_update[db_path] = k8s_instance_info
                    self.update_db_2("nsrs", nsr_id, db_nsr_update)
                    vnfd_with_id = find_in_list(
                        db_vnfds, lambda vnf: vnf["_id"] == vnfd_id
                    )
                    task = asyncio.ensure_future(
                        self._install_kdu(
                            nsr_id,
                            db_path,
                            vnfr_data,
                            kdu_index,
                            kdud,
                            vnfd_with_id,
                            k8s_instance_info,
                            k8params=desc_params,
                            timeout=1800,
                            vca_id=vca_id,
                        )
                    )
                    self.lcm_tasks.register(
                        "ns",
                        nsr_id,
                        nslcmop_id,
                        "instantiate_KDU-{}".format(index),
                        task,
                    )
                    task_instantiation_info[task] = "Deploying KDU {}".format(
                        kdur["kdu-name"]
                    )

                    index += 1

        except (LcmException, asyncio.CancelledError):
            raise
        except Exception as e:
            msg = "Exception {} while {}: {}".format(type(e).__name__, step, e)
            if isinstance(e, (N2VCException, DbException)):
                self.logger.error(logging_text + msg)
            else:
                self.logger.critical(logging_text + msg, exc_info=True)
            raise LcmException(msg)
        finally:
            if db_nsr_update:
                self.update_db_2("nsrs", nsr_id, db_nsr_update)

    def _deploy_n2vc(
        self,
        logging_text,
        db_nsr,
        db_vnfr,
        nslcmop_id,
        nsr_id,
        nsi_id,
        vnfd_id,
        vdu_id,
        kdu_name,
        member_vnf_index,
        vdu_index,
        kdu_index,
        vdu_name,
        deploy_params,
        descriptor_config,
        base_folder,
        task_instantiation_info,
        stage,
    ):
        # launch instantiate_N2VC in a asyncio task and register task object
        # Look where information of this charm is at database <nsrs>._admin.deployed.VCA
        # if not found, create one entry and update database
        # fill db_nsr._admin.deployed.VCA.<index>

        self.logger.debug(
            logging_text + "_deploy_n2vc vnfd_id={}, vdu_id={}".format(vnfd_id, vdu_id)
        )

        charm_name = ""
        get_charm_name = False
        if "execution-environment-list" in descriptor_config:
            ee_list = descriptor_config.get("execution-environment-list", [])
        elif "juju" in descriptor_config:
            ee_list = [descriptor_config]  # ns charms
            if "execution-environment-list" not in descriptor_config:
                # charm name is only required for ns charms
                get_charm_name = True
        else:  # other types as script are not supported
            ee_list = []

        for ee_item in ee_list:
            self.logger.debug(
                logging_text
                + "_deploy_n2vc ee_item juju={}, helm={}".format(
                    ee_item.get("juju"), ee_item.get("helm-chart")
                )
            )
            ee_descriptor_id = ee_item.get("id")
            vca_name, charm_name, vca_type = self.get_vca_info(
                ee_item, db_nsr, get_charm_name
            )
            if not vca_type:
                self.logger.debug(
                    logging_text + "skipping, non juju/charm/helm configuration"
                )
                continue

            vca_index = -1
            for vca_index, vca_deployed in enumerate(
                db_nsr["_admin"]["deployed"]["VCA"]
            ):
                if not vca_deployed:
                    continue
                if (
                    vca_deployed.get("member-vnf-index") == member_vnf_index
                    and vca_deployed.get("vdu_id") == vdu_id
                    and vca_deployed.get("kdu_name") == kdu_name
                    and vca_deployed.get("vdu_count_index", 0) == vdu_index
                    and vca_deployed.get("ee_descriptor_id") == ee_descriptor_id
                ):
                    break
            else:
                # not found, create one.
                target = (
                    "ns" if not member_vnf_index else "vnf/{}".format(member_vnf_index)
                )
                if vdu_id:
                    target += "/vdu/{}/{}".format(vdu_id, vdu_index or 0)
                elif kdu_name:
                    target += "/kdu/{}".format(kdu_name)
                vca_deployed = {
                    "target_element": target,
                    # ^ target_element will replace member-vnf-index, kdu_name, vdu_id ... in a single string
                    "member-vnf-index": member_vnf_index,
                    "vdu_id": vdu_id,
                    "kdu_name": kdu_name,
                    "vdu_count_index": vdu_index,
                    "operational-status": "init",  # TODO revise
                    "detailed-status": "",  # TODO revise
                    "step": "initial-deploy",  # TODO revise
                    "vnfd_id": vnfd_id,
                    "vdu_name": vdu_name,
                    "type": vca_type,
                    "ee_descriptor_id": ee_descriptor_id,
                    "charm_name": charm_name,
                }
                vca_index += 1

                # create VCA and configurationStatus in db
                db_dict = {
                    "_admin.deployed.VCA.{}".format(vca_index): vca_deployed,
                    "configurationStatus.{}".format(vca_index): dict(),
                }
                self.update_db_2("nsrs", nsr_id, db_dict)

                db_nsr["_admin"]["deployed"]["VCA"].append(vca_deployed)

            self.logger.debug("N2VC > NSR_ID > {}".format(nsr_id))
            self.logger.debug("N2VC > DB_NSR > {}".format(db_nsr))
            self.logger.debug("N2VC > VCA_DEPLOYED > {}".format(vca_deployed))

            # Launch task
            task_n2vc = asyncio.ensure_future(
                self.instantiate_N2VC(
                    logging_text=logging_text,
                    vca_index=vca_index,
                    nsi_id=nsi_id,
                    db_nsr=db_nsr,
                    db_vnfr=db_vnfr,
                    vdu_id=vdu_id,
                    kdu_name=kdu_name,
                    vdu_index=vdu_index,
                    kdu_index=kdu_index,
                    deploy_params=deploy_params,
                    config_descriptor=descriptor_config,
                    base_folder=base_folder,
                    nslcmop_id=nslcmop_id,
                    stage=stage,
                    vca_type=vca_type,
                    vca_name=vca_name,
                    ee_config_descriptor=ee_item,
                )
            )
            self.lcm_tasks.register(
                "ns",
                nsr_id,
                nslcmop_id,
                "instantiate_N2VC-{}".format(vca_index),
                task_n2vc,
            )
            task_instantiation_info[
                task_n2vc
            ] = self.task_name_deploy_vca + " {}.{}".format(
                member_vnf_index or "", vdu_id or ""
            )

    def _format_additional_params(self, params):
        params = params or {}
        for key, value in params.items():
            if str(value).startswith("!!yaml "):
                params[key] = yaml.safe_load(value[7:])
        return params

    def _get_terminate_primitive_params(self, seq, vnf_index):
        primitive = seq.get("name")
        primitive_params = {}
        params = {
            "member_vnf_index": vnf_index,
            "primitive": primitive,
            "primitive_params": primitive_params,
        }
        desc_params = {}
        return self._map_primitive_params(seq, params, desc_params)

    # sub-operations

    def _retry_or_skip_suboperation(self, db_nslcmop, op_index):
        op = deep_get(db_nslcmop, ("_admin", "operations"), [])[op_index]
        if op.get("operationState") == "COMPLETED":
            # b. Skip sub-operation
            # _ns_execute_primitive() or RO.create_action() will NOT be executed
            return self.SUBOPERATION_STATUS_SKIP
        else:
            # c. retry executing sub-operation
            # The sub-operation exists, and operationState != 'COMPLETED'
            # Update operationState = 'PROCESSING' to indicate a retry.
            operationState = "PROCESSING"
            detailed_status = "In progress"
            self._update_suboperation_status(
                db_nslcmop, op_index, operationState, detailed_status
            )
            # Return the sub-operation index
            # _ns_execute_primitive() or RO.create_action() will be called from scale()
            # with arguments extracted from the sub-operation
            return op_index

    # Find a sub-operation where all keys in a matching dictionary must match
    # Returns the index of the matching sub-operation, or SUBOPERATION_STATUS_NOT_FOUND if no match
    def _find_suboperation(self, db_nslcmop, match):
        if db_nslcmop and match:
            op_list = db_nslcmop.get("_admin", {}).get("operations", [])
            for i, op in enumerate(op_list):
                if all(op.get(k) == match[k] for k in match):
                    return i
        return self.SUBOPERATION_STATUS_NOT_FOUND

    # Update status for a sub-operation given its index
    def _update_suboperation_status(
        self, db_nslcmop, op_index, operationState, detailed_status
    ):
        # Update DB for HA tasks
        q_filter = {"_id": db_nslcmop["_id"]}
        update_dict = {
            "_admin.operations.{}.operationState".format(op_index): operationState,
            "_admin.operations.{}.detailed-status".format(op_index): detailed_status,
        }
        self.db.set_one(
            "nslcmops", q_filter=q_filter, update_dict=update_dict, fail_on_empty=False
        )

    # Add sub-operation, return the index of the added sub-operation
    # Optionally, set operationState, detailed-status, and operationType
    # Status and type are currently set for 'scale' sub-operations:
    # 'operationState' : 'PROCESSING' | 'COMPLETED' | 'FAILED'
    # 'detailed-status' : status message
    # 'operationType': may be any type, in the case of scaling: 'PRE-SCALE' | 'POST-SCALE'
    # Status and operation type are currently only used for 'scale', but NOT for 'terminate' sub-operations.
    def _add_suboperation(
        self,
        db_nslcmop,
        vnf_index,
        vdu_id,
        vdu_count_index,
        vdu_name,
        primitive,
        mapped_primitive_params,
        operationState=None,
        detailed_status=None,
        operationType=None,
        RO_nsr_id=None,
        RO_scaling_info=None,
    ):
        if not db_nslcmop:
            return self.SUBOPERATION_STATUS_NOT_FOUND
        # Get the "_admin.operations" list, if it exists
        db_nslcmop_admin = db_nslcmop.get("_admin", {})
        op_list = db_nslcmop_admin.get("operations")
        # Create or append to the "_admin.operations" list
        new_op = {
            "member_vnf_index": vnf_index,
            "vdu_id": vdu_id,
            "vdu_count_index": vdu_count_index,
            "primitive": primitive,
            "primitive_params": mapped_primitive_params,
        }
        if operationState:
            new_op["operationState"] = operationState
        if detailed_status:
            new_op["detailed-status"] = detailed_status
        if operationType:
            new_op["lcmOperationType"] = operationType
        if RO_nsr_id:
            new_op["RO_nsr_id"] = RO_nsr_id
        if RO_scaling_info:
            new_op["RO_scaling_info"] = RO_scaling_info
        if not op_list:
            # No existing operations, create key 'operations' with current operation as first list element
            db_nslcmop_admin.update({"operations": [new_op]})
            op_list = db_nslcmop_admin.get("operations")
        else:
            # Existing operations, append operation to list
            op_list.append(new_op)

        db_nslcmop_update = {"_admin.operations": op_list}
        self.update_db_2("nslcmops", db_nslcmop["_id"], db_nslcmop_update)
        op_index = len(op_list) - 1
        return op_index

    # Helper methods for scale() sub-operations

    # pre-scale/post-scale:
    # Check for 3 different cases:
    # a. New: First time execution, return SUBOPERATION_STATUS_NEW
    # b. Skip: Existing sub-operation exists, operationState == 'COMPLETED', return SUBOPERATION_STATUS_SKIP
    # c. retry: Existing sub-operation exists, operationState != 'COMPLETED', return op_index to re-execute
    def _check_or_add_scale_suboperation(
        self,
        db_nslcmop,
        vnf_index,
        vnf_config_primitive,
        primitive_params,
        operationType,
        RO_nsr_id=None,
        RO_scaling_info=None,
    ):
        # Find this sub-operation
        if RO_nsr_id and RO_scaling_info:
            operationType = "SCALE-RO"
            match = {
                "member_vnf_index": vnf_index,
                "RO_nsr_id": RO_nsr_id,
                "RO_scaling_info": RO_scaling_info,
            }
        else:
            match = {
                "member_vnf_index": vnf_index,
                "primitive": vnf_config_primitive,
                "primitive_params": primitive_params,
                "lcmOperationType": operationType,
            }
        op_index = self._find_suboperation(db_nslcmop, match)
        if op_index == self.SUBOPERATION_STATUS_NOT_FOUND:
            # a. New sub-operation
            # The sub-operation does not exist, add it.
            # _ns_execute_primitive() will be called from scale() as usual, with non-modified arguments
            # The following parameters are set to None for all kind of scaling:
            vdu_id = None
            vdu_count_index = None
            vdu_name = None
            if RO_nsr_id and RO_scaling_info:
                vnf_config_primitive = None
                primitive_params = None
            else:
                RO_nsr_id = None
                RO_scaling_info = None
            # Initial status for sub-operation
            operationState = "PROCESSING"
            detailed_status = "In progress"
            # Add sub-operation for pre/post-scaling (zero or more operations)
            self._add_suboperation(
                db_nslcmop,
                vnf_index,
                vdu_id,
                vdu_count_index,
                vdu_name,
                vnf_config_primitive,
                primitive_params,
                operationState,
                detailed_status,
                operationType,
                RO_nsr_id,
                RO_scaling_info,
            )
            return self.SUBOPERATION_STATUS_NEW
        else:
            # Return either SUBOPERATION_STATUS_SKIP (operationState == 'COMPLETED'),
            # or op_index (operationState != 'COMPLETED')
            return self._retry_or_skip_suboperation(db_nslcmop, op_index)

    # Function to return execution_environment id

    async def destroy_N2VC(
        self,
        logging_text,
        db_nslcmop,
        vca_deployed,
        config_descriptor,
        vca_index,
        destroy_ee=True,
        exec_primitives=True,
        scaling_in=False,
        vca_id: str = None,
    ):
        """
        Execute the terminate primitives and destroy the execution environment (if destroy_ee=False
        :param logging_text:
        :param db_nslcmop:
        :param vca_deployed: Dictionary of deployment info at db_nsr._admin.depoloyed.VCA.<INDEX>
        :param config_descriptor: Configuration descriptor of the NSD, VNFD, VNFD.vdu or VNFD.kdu
        :param vca_index: index in the database _admin.deployed.VCA
        :param destroy_ee: False to do not destroy, because it will be destroyed all of then at once
        :param exec_primitives: False to do not execute terminate primitives, because the config is not completed or has
                            not executed properly
        :param scaling_in: True destroys the application, False destroys the model
        :return: None or exception
        """

        self.logger.debug(
            logging_text
            + " vca_index: {}, vca_deployed: {}, config_descriptor: {}, destroy_ee: {}".format(
                vca_index, vca_deployed, config_descriptor, destroy_ee
            )
        )

        vca_type = vca_deployed.get("type", "lxc_proxy_charm")

        # execute terminate_primitives
        if exec_primitives:
            terminate_primitives = get_ee_sorted_terminate_config_primitive_list(
                config_descriptor.get("terminate-config-primitive"),
                vca_deployed.get("ee_descriptor_id"),
            )
            vdu_id = vca_deployed.get("vdu_id")
            vdu_count_index = vca_deployed.get("vdu_count_index")
            vdu_name = vca_deployed.get("vdu_name")
            vnf_index = vca_deployed.get("member-vnf-index")
            if terminate_primitives and vca_deployed.get("needed_terminate"):
                for seq in terminate_primitives:
                    # For each sequence in list, get primitive and call _ns_execute_primitive()
                    step = "Calling terminate action for vnf_member_index={} primitive={}".format(
                        vnf_index, seq.get("name")
                    )
                    self.logger.debug(logging_text + step)
                    # Create the primitive for each sequence, i.e. "primitive": "touch"
                    primitive = seq.get("name")
                    mapped_primitive_params = self._get_terminate_primitive_params(
                        seq, vnf_index
                    )

                    # Add sub-operation
                    self._add_suboperation(
                        db_nslcmop,
                        vnf_index,
                        vdu_id,
                        vdu_count_index,
                        vdu_name,
                        primitive,
                        mapped_primitive_params,
                    )
                    # Sub-operations: Call _ns_execute_primitive() instead of action()
                    try:
                        result, result_detail = await self._ns_execute_primitive(
                            vca_deployed["ee_id"],
                            primitive,
                            mapped_primitive_params,
                            vca_type=vca_type,
                            vca_id=vca_id,
                        )
                    except LcmException:
                        # this happens when VCA is not deployed. In this case it is not needed to terminate
                        continue
                    result_ok = ["COMPLETED", "PARTIALLY_COMPLETED"]
                    if result not in result_ok:
                        raise LcmException(
                            "terminate_primitive {}  for vnf_member_index={} fails with "
                            "error {}".format(seq.get("name"), vnf_index, result_detail)
                        )
                # set that this VCA do not need terminated
                db_update_entry = "_admin.deployed.VCA.{}.needed_terminate".format(
                    vca_index
                )
                self.update_db_2(
                    "nsrs", db_nslcmop["nsInstanceId"], {db_update_entry: False}
                )

        # Delete Prometheus Jobs if any
        # This uses NSR_ID, so it will destroy any jobs under this index
        self.db.del_list("prometheus_jobs", {"nsr_id": db_nslcmop["nsInstanceId"]})

        if destroy_ee:
            await self.vca_map[vca_type].delete_execution_environment(
                vca_deployed["ee_id"],
                scaling_in=scaling_in,
                vca_type=vca_type,
                vca_id=vca_id,
            )

    async def _delete_all_N2VC(self, db_nsr: dict, vca_id: str = None):
        self._write_all_config_status(db_nsr=db_nsr, status="TERMINATING")
        namespace = "." + db_nsr["_id"]
        try:
            await self.n2vc.delete_namespace(
                namespace=namespace,
                total_timeout=self.timeout.charm_delete,
                vca_id=vca_id,
            )
        except N2VCNotFound:  # already deleted. Skip
            pass
        self._write_all_config_status(db_nsr=db_nsr, status="DELETED")

    async def terminate(self, nsr_id, nslcmop_id):
        # Try to lock HA task here
        task_is_locked_by_me = self.lcm_tasks.lock_HA("ns", "nslcmops", nslcmop_id)
        if not task_is_locked_by_me:
            return

        logging_text = "Task ns={} terminate={} ".format(nsr_id, nslcmop_id)
        self.logger.debug(logging_text + "Enter")
        timeout_ns_terminate = self.timeout.ns_terminate
        db_nsr = None
        db_nslcmop = None
        operation_params = None
        exc = None
        error_list = []  # annotates all failed error messages
        db_nslcmop_update = {}
        autoremove = False  # autoremove after terminated
        tasks_dict_info = {}
        db_nsr_update = {}
        stage = [
            "Stage 1/3: Preparing task.",
            "Waiting for previous operations to terminate.",
            "",
        ]
        # ^ contains [stage, step, VIM-status]
        try:
            # wait for any previous tasks in process
            await self.lcm_tasks.waitfor_related_HA("ns", "nslcmops", nslcmop_id)

            stage[1] = "Getting nslcmop={} from db.".format(nslcmop_id)
            db_nslcmop = self.db.get_one("nslcmops", {"_id": nslcmop_id})
            operation_params = db_nslcmop.get("operationParams") or {}
            if operation_params.get("timeout_ns_terminate"):
                timeout_ns_terminate = operation_params["timeout_ns_terminate"]
            stage[1] = "Getting nsr={} from db.".format(nsr_id)
            db_nsr = self.db.get_one("nsrs", {"_id": nsr_id})

            db_nsr_update["operational-status"] = "terminating"
            db_nsr_update["config-status"] = "terminating"
            self._write_ns_status(
                nsr_id=nsr_id,
                ns_state="TERMINATING",
                current_operation="TERMINATING",
                current_operation_id=nslcmop_id,
                other_update=db_nsr_update,
            )
            self._write_op_status(op_id=nslcmop_id, queuePosition=0, stage=stage)
            nsr_deployed = deepcopy(db_nsr["_admin"].get("deployed")) or {}
            if db_nsr["_admin"]["nsState"] == "NOT_INSTANTIATED":
                return

            stage[1] = "Getting vnf descriptors from db."
            db_vnfrs_list = self.db.get_list("vnfrs", {"nsr-id-ref": nsr_id})
            db_vnfrs_dict = {
                db_vnfr["member-vnf-index-ref"]: db_vnfr for db_vnfr in db_vnfrs_list
            }
            db_vnfds_from_id = {}
            db_vnfds_from_member_index = {}
            # Loop over VNFRs
            for vnfr in db_vnfrs_list:
                vnfd_id = vnfr["vnfd-id"]
                if vnfd_id not in db_vnfds_from_id:
                    vnfd = self.db.get_one("vnfds", {"_id": vnfd_id})
                    db_vnfds_from_id[vnfd_id] = vnfd
                db_vnfds_from_member_index[
                    vnfr["member-vnf-index-ref"]
                ] = db_vnfds_from_id[vnfd_id]

            # Destroy individual execution environments when there are terminating primitives.
            # Rest of EE will be deleted at once
            # TODO - check before calling _destroy_N2VC
            # if not operation_params.get("skip_terminate_primitives"):#
            # or not vca.get("needed_terminate"):
            stage[0] = "Stage 2/3 execute terminating primitives."
            self.logger.debug(logging_text + stage[0])
            stage[1] = "Looking execution environment that needs terminate."
            self.logger.debug(logging_text + stage[1])

            for vca_index, vca in enumerate(get_iterable(nsr_deployed, "VCA")):
                config_descriptor = None
                vca_member_vnf_index = vca.get("member-vnf-index")
                vca_id = self.get_vca_id(
                    db_vnfrs_dict.get(vca_member_vnf_index)
                    if vca_member_vnf_index
                    else None,
                    db_nsr,
                )
                if not vca or not vca.get("ee_id"):
                    continue
                if not vca.get("member-vnf-index"):
                    # ns
                    config_descriptor = db_nsr.get("ns-configuration")
                elif vca.get("vdu_id"):
                    db_vnfd = db_vnfds_from_member_index[vca["member-vnf-index"]]
                    config_descriptor = get_configuration(db_vnfd, vca.get("vdu_id"))
                elif vca.get("kdu_name"):
                    db_vnfd = db_vnfds_from_member_index[vca["member-vnf-index"]]
                    config_descriptor = get_configuration(db_vnfd, vca.get("kdu_name"))
                else:
                    db_vnfd = db_vnfds_from_member_index[vca["member-vnf-index"]]
                    config_descriptor = get_configuration(db_vnfd, db_vnfd["id"])
                vca_type = vca.get("type")
                exec_terminate_primitives = not operation_params.get(
                    "skip_terminate_primitives"
                ) and vca.get("needed_terminate")
                # For helm we must destroy_ee. Also for native_charm, as juju_model cannot be deleted if there are
                # pending native charms
                destroy_ee = True if vca_type in ("helm-v3", "native_charm") else False
                # self.logger.debug(logging_text + "vca_index: {}, ee_id: {}, vca_type: {} destroy_ee: {}".format(
                #     vca_index, vca.get("ee_id"), vca_type, destroy_ee))
                task = asyncio.ensure_future(
                    self.destroy_N2VC(
                        logging_text,
                        db_nslcmop,
                        vca,
                        config_descriptor,
                        vca_index,
                        destroy_ee,
                        exec_terminate_primitives,
                        vca_id=vca_id,
                    )
                )
                tasks_dict_info[task] = "Terminating VCA {}".format(vca.get("ee_id"))

            # wait for pending tasks of terminate primitives
            if tasks_dict_info:
                self.logger.debug(
                    logging_text
                    + "Waiting for tasks {}".format(list(tasks_dict_info.keys()))
                )
                error_list = await self._wait_for_tasks(
                    logging_text,
                    tasks_dict_info,
                    min(self.timeout.charm_delete, timeout_ns_terminate),
                    stage,
                    nslcmop_id,
                )
                tasks_dict_info.clear()
                if error_list:
                    return  # raise LcmException("; ".join(error_list))

            # remove All execution environments at once
            stage[0] = "Stage 3/3 delete all."

            if nsr_deployed.get("VCA"):
                stage[1] = "Deleting all execution environments."
                self.logger.debug(logging_text + stage[1])
                if nsr_deployed.get("VCA").get("type") != "helm-v3":
                    vca_id = self.get_vca_id({}, db_nsr)
                    task_delete_ee = asyncio.ensure_future(
                        asyncio.wait_for(
                            self._delete_all_N2VC(db_nsr=db_nsr, vca_id=vca_id),
                            timeout=self.timeout.charm_delete,
                        )
                    )
                    tasks_dict_info[task_delete_ee] = "Terminating all VCA"
                else:
                    # Delete Namespace and Certificates
                    await self.vca_map["helm-v3"].delete_tls_certificate(
                        namespace=db_nslcmop["nsInstanceId"],
                        certificate_name=self.EE_TLS_NAME,
                    )
                    await self.vca_map["helm-v3"].delete_namespace(
                        namespace=db_nslcmop["nsInstanceId"],
                    )

            # Delete from k8scluster
            stage[1] = "Deleting KDUs."
            self.logger.debug(logging_text + stage[1])
            # print(nsr_deployed)
            for kdu in get_iterable(nsr_deployed, "K8s"):
                if not kdu or not kdu.get("kdu-instance"):
                    continue
                kdu_instance = kdu.get("kdu-instance")
                if kdu.get("k8scluster-type") in self.k8scluster_map:
                    # TODO: Uninstall kdu instances taking into account they could be deployed in different VIMs
                    vca_id = self.get_vca_id({}, db_nsr)
                    task_delete_kdu_instance = asyncio.ensure_future(
                        self.k8scluster_map[kdu["k8scluster-type"]].uninstall(
                            cluster_uuid=kdu.get("k8scluster-uuid"),
                            kdu_instance=kdu_instance,
                            vca_id=vca_id,
                            namespace=kdu.get("namespace"),
                        )
                    )
                else:
                    self.logger.error(
                        logging_text
                        + "Unknown k8s deployment type {}".format(
                            kdu.get("k8scluster-type")
                        )
                    )
                    continue
                tasks_dict_info[
                    task_delete_kdu_instance
                ] = "Terminating KDU '{}'".format(kdu.get("kdu-name"))

            # remove from RO
            stage[1] = "Deleting ns from VIM."
            if self.ro_config.ng:
                task_delete_ro = asyncio.ensure_future(
                    self._terminate_ng_ro(
                        logging_text, nsr_deployed, nsr_id, nslcmop_id, stage
                    )
                )
                tasks_dict_info[task_delete_ro] = "Removing deployment from VIM"

            # rest of staff will be done at finally

        except (
            ROclient.ROClientException,
            DbException,
            LcmException,
            N2VCException,
        ) as e:
            self.logger.error(logging_text + "Exit Exception {}".format(e))
            exc = e
        except asyncio.CancelledError:
            self.logger.error(
                logging_text + "Cancelled Exception while '{}'".format(stage[1])
            )
            exc = "Operation was cancelled"
        except Exception as e:
            exc = traceback.format_exc()
            self.logger.critical(
                logging_text + "Exit Exception while '{}': {}".format(stage[1], e),
                exc_info=True,
            )
        finally:
            if exc:
                error_list.append(str(exc))
            try:
                # wait for pending tasks
                if tasks_dict_info:
                    stage[1] = "Waiting for terminate pending tasks."
                    self.logger.debug(logging_text + stage[1])
                    error_list += await self._wait_for_tasks(
                        logging_text,
                        tasks_dict_info,
                        timeout_ns_terminate,
                        stage,
                        nslcmop_id,
                    )
                stage[1] = stage[2] = ""
            except asyncio.CancelledError:
                error_list.append("Cancelled")
                await self._cancel_pending_tasks(logging_text, tasks_dict_info)
                await self._wait_for_tasks(
                    logging_text,
                    tasks_dict_info,
                    timeout_ns_terminate,
                    stage,
                    nslcmop_id,
                )
            except Exception as exc:
                error_list.append(str(exc))
            # update status at database
            if error_list:
                error_detail = "; ".join(error_list)
                # self.logger.error(logging_text + error_detail)
                error_description_nslcmop = "{} Detail: {}".format(
                    stage[0], error_detail
                )
                error_description_nsr = "Operation: TERMINATING.{}, {}.".format(
                    nslcmop_id, stage[0]
                )

                db_nsr_update["operational-status"] = "failed"
                db_nsr_update["detailed-status"] = (
                    error_description_nsr + " Detail: " + error_detail
                )
                db_nslcmop_update["detailed-status"] = error_detail
                nslcmop_operation_state = "FAILED"
                ns_state = "BROKEN"
            else:
                error_detail = None
                error_description_nsr = error_description_nslcmop = None
                ns_state = "NOT_INSTANTIATED"
                db_nsr_update["operational-status"] = "terminated"
                db_nsr_update["detailed-status"] = "Done"
                db_nsr_update["_admin.nsState"] = "NOT_INSTANTIATED"
                db_nslcmop_update["detailed-status"] = "Done"
                nslcmop_operation_state = "COMPLETED"

            if db_nsr:
                self._write_ns_status(
                    nsr_id=nsr_id,
                    ns_state=ns_state,
                    current_operation="IDLE",
                    current_operation_id=None,
                    error_description=error_description_nsr,
                    error_detail=error_detail,
                    other_update=db_nsr_update,
                )
            self._write_op_status(
                op_id=nslcmop_id,
                stage="",
                error_message=error_description_nslcmop,
                operation_state=nslcmop_operation_state,
                other_update=db_nslcmop_update,
            )
            if ns_state == "NOT_INSTANTIATED":
                try:
                    self.db.set_list(
                        "vnfrs",
                        {"nsr-id-ref": nsr_id},
                        {"_admin.nsState": "NOT_INSTANTIATED"},
                    )
                except DbException as e:
                    self.logger.warn(
                        logging_text
                        + "Error writing VNFR status for nsr-id-ref: {} -> {}".format(
                            nsr_id, e
                        )
                    )
            if operation_params:
                autoremove = operation_params.get("autoremove", False)
            if nslcmop_operation_state:
                try:
                    await self.msg.aiowrite(
                        "ns",
                        "terminated",
                        {
                            "nsr_id": nsr_id,
                            "nslcmop_id": nslcmop_id,
                            "operationState": nslcmop_operation_state,
                            "autoremove": autoremove,
                        },
                    )
                except Exception as e:
                    self.logger.error(
                        logging_text + "kafka_write notification Exception {}".format(e)
                    )
                self.logger.debug(f"Deleting alerts: ns_id={nsr_id}")
                self.db.del_list("alerts", {"tags.ns_id": nsr_id})

            self.logger.debug(logging_text + "Exit")
            self.lcm_tasks.remove("ns", nsr_id, nslcmop_id, "ns_terminate")

    async def _wait_for_tasks(
        self, logging_text, created_tasks_info, timeout, stage, nslcmop_id, nsr_id=None
    ):
        time_start = time()
        error_detail_list = []
        error_list = []
        pending_tasks = list(created_tasks_info.keys())
        num_tasks = len(pending_tasks)
        num_done = 0
        stage[1] = "{}/{}.".format(num_done, num_tasks)
        self._write_op_status(nslcmop_id, stage)
        while pending_tasks:
            new_error = None
            _timeout = timeout + time_start - time()
            done, pending_tasks = await asyncio.wait(
                pending_tasks, timeout=_timeout, return_when=asyncio.FIRST_COMPLETED
            )
            num_done += len(done)
            if not done:  # Timeout
                for task in pending_tasks:
                    new_error = created_tasks_info[task] + ": Timeout"
                    error_detail_list.append(new_error)
                    error_list.append(new_error)
                break
            for task in done:
                if task.cancelled():
                    exc = "Cancelled"
                else:
                    exc = task.exception()
                if exc:
                    if isinstance(exc, asyncio.TimeoutError):
                        exc = "Timeout"
                    new_error = created_tasks_info[task] + ": {}".format(exc)
                    error_list.append(created_tasks_info[task])
                    error_detail_list.append(new_error)
                    if isinstance(
                        exc,
                        (
                            str,
                            DbException,
                            N2VCException,
                            ROclient.ROClientException,
                            LcmException,
                            K8sException,
                            NgRoException,
                        ),
                    ):
                        self.logger.error(logging_text + new_error)
                    else:
                        exc_traceback = "".join(
                            traceback.format_exception(None, exc, exc.__traceback__)
                        )
                        self.logger.error(
                            logging_text
                            + created_tasks_info[task]
                            + " "
                            + exc_traceback
                        )
                else:
                    self.logger.debug(
                        logging_text + created_tasks_info[task] + ": Done"
                    )
            stage[1] = "{}/{}.".format(num_done, num_tasks)
            if new_error:
                stage[1] += " Errors: " + ". ".join(error_detail_list) + "."
                if nsr_id:  # update also nsr
                    self.update_db_2(
                        "nsrs",
                        nsr_id,
                        {
                            "errorDescription": "Error at: " + ", ".join(error_list),
                            "errorDetail": ". ".join(error_detail_list),
                        },
                    )
            self._write_op_status(nslcmop_id, stage)
        return error_detail_list

    async def _cancel_pending_tasks(self, logging_text, created_tasks_info):
        for task, name in created_tasks_info.items():
            self.logger.debug(logging_text + "Cancelling task: " + name)
            task.cancel()

    @staticmethod
    def _map_primitive_params(primitive_desc, params, instantiation_params):
        """
        Generates the params to be provided to charm before executing primitive. If user does not provide a parameter,
        The default-value is used. If it is between < > it look for a value at instantiation_params
        :param primitive_desc: portion of VNFD/NSD that describes primitive
        :param params: Params provided by user
        :param instantiation_params: Instantiation params provided by user
        :return: a dictionary with the calculated params
        """
        calculated_params = {}
        for parameter in primitive_desc.get("parameter", ()):
            param_name = parameter["name"]
            if param_name in params:
                calculated_params[param_name] = params[param_name]
            elif "default-value" in parameter or "value" in parameter:
                if "value" in parameter:
                    calculated_params[param_name] = parameter["value"]
                else:
                    calculated_params[param_name] = parameter["default-value"]
                if (
                    isinstance(calculated_params[param_name], str)
                    and calculated_params[param_name].startswith("<")
                    and calculated_params[param_name].endswith(">")
                ):
                    if calculated_params[param_name][1:-1] in instantiation_params:
                        calculated_params[param_name] = instantiation_params[
                            calculated_params[param_name][1:-1]
                        ]
                    else:
                        raise LcmException(
                            "Parameter {} needed to execute primitive {} not provided".format(
                                calculated_params[param_name], primitive_desc["name"]
                            )
                        )
            else:
                raise LcmException(
                    "Parameter {} needed to execute primitive {} not provided".format(
                        param_name, primitive_desc["name"]
                    )
                )

            if isinstance(calculated_params[param_name], (dict, list, tuple)):
                calculated_params[param_name] = yaml.safe_dump(
                    calculated_params[param_name], default_flow_style=True, width=256
                )
            elif isinstance(calculated_params[param_name], str) and calculated_params[
                param_name
            ].startswith("!!yaml "):
                calculated_params[param_name] = calculated_params[param_name][7:]
            if parameter.get("data-type") == "INTEGER":
                try:
                    calculated_params[param_name] = int(calculated_params[param_name])
                except ValueError:  # error converting string to int
                    raise LcmException(
                        "Parameter {} of primitive {} must be integer".format(
                            param_name, primitive_desc["name"]
                        )
                    )
            elif parameter.get("data-type") == "BOOLEAN":
                calculated_params[param_name] = not (
                    (str(calculated_params[param_name])).lower() == "false"
                )

        # add always ns_config_info if primitive name is config
        if primitive_desc["name"] == "config":
            if "ns_config_info" in instantiation_params:
                calculated_params["ns_config_info"] = instantiation_params[
                    "ns_config_info"
                ]
        return calculated_params

    def _look_for_deployed_vca(
        self,
        deployed_vca,
        member_vnf_index,
        vdu_id,
        vdu_count_index,
        kdu_name=None,
        ee_descriptor_id=None,
    ):
        # find vca_deployed record for this action. Raise LcmException if not found or there is not any id.
        for vca in deployed_vca:
            if not vca:
                continue
            if member_vnf_index != vca["member-vnf-index"] or vdu_id != vca["vdu_id"]:
                continue
            if (
                vdu_count_index is not None
                and vdu_count_index != vca["vdu_count_index"]
            ):
                continue
            if kdu_name and kdu_name != vca["kdu_name"]:
                continue
            if ee_descriptor_id and ee_descriptor_id != vca["ee_descriptor_id"]:
                continue
            break
        else:
            # vca_deployed not found
            raise LcmException(
                "charm for member_vnf_index={} vdu_id={}.{} kdu_name={} execution-environment-list.id={}"
                " is not deployed".format(
                    member_vnf_index,
                    vdu_id,
                    vdu_count_index,
                    kdu_name,
                    ee_descriptor_id,
                )
            )
        # get ee_id
        ee_id = vca.get("ee_id")
        vca_type = vca.get(
            "type", "lxc_proxy_charm"
        )  # default value for backward compatibility - proxy charm
        if not ee_id:
            raise LcmException(
                "charm for member_vnf_index={} vdu_id={} kdu_name={} vdu_count_index={} has not "
                "execution environment".format(
                    member_vnf_index, vdu_id, kdu_name, vdu_count_index
                )
            )
        return ee_id, vca_type

    async def _ns_execute_primitive(
        self,
        ee_id,
        primitive,
        primitive_params,
        retries=0,
        retries_interval=30,
        timeout=None,
        vca_type=None,
        db_dict=None,
        vca_id: str = None,
    ) -> (str, str):
        try:
            if primitive == "config":
                primitive_params = {"params": primitive_params}

            vca_type = vca_type or "lxc_proxy_charm"

            while retries >= 0:
                try:
                    output = await asyncio.wait_for(
                        self.vca_map[vca_type].exec_primitive(
                            ee_id=ee_id,
                            primitive_name=primitive,
                            params_dict=primitive_params,
                            progress_timeout=self.timeout.progress_primitive,
                            total_timeout=self.timeout.primitive,
                            db_dict=db_dict,
                            vca_id=vca_id,
                            vca_type=vca_type,
                        ),
                        timeout=timeout or self.timeout.primitive,
                    )
                    # execution was OK
                    break
                except asyncio.CancelledError:
                    raise
                except Exception as e:
                    retries -= 1
                    if retries >= 0:
                        self.logger.debug(
                            "Error executing action {} on {} -> {}".format(
                                primitive, ee_id, e
                            )
                        )
                        # wait and retry
                        await asyncio.sleep(retries_interval)
                    else:
                        if isinstance(e, asyncio.TimeoutError):
                            e = N2VCException(
                                message="Timed out waiting for action to complete"
                            )
                        return "FAILED", getattr(e, "message", repr(e))

            return "COMPLETED", output

        except (LcmException, asyncio.CancelledError):
            raise
        except Exception as e:
            return "FAIL", "Error executing action {}: {}".format(primitive, e)

    async def vca_status_refresh(self, nsr_id, nslcmop_id):
        """
        Updating the vca_status with latest juju information in nsrs record
        :param: nsr_id: Id of the nsr
        :param: nslcmop_id: Id of the nslcmop
        :return: None
        """

        self.logger.debug("Task ns={} action={} Enter".format(nsr_id, nslcmop_id))
        db_nsr = self.db.get_one("nsrs", {"_id": nsr_id})
        vca_id = self.get_vca_id({}, db_nsr)
        if db_nsr["_admin"]["deployed"]["K8s"]:
            for _, k8s in enumerate(db_nsr["_admin"]["deployed"]["K8s"]):
                cluster_uuid, kdu_instance, cluster_type = (
                    k8s["k8scluster-uuid"],
                    k8s["kdu-instance"],
                    k8s["k8scluster-type"],
                )
                await self._on_update_k8s_db(
                    cluster_uuid=cluster_uuid,
                    kdu_instance=kdu_instance,
                    filter={"_id": nsr_id},
                    vca_id=vca_id,
                    cluster_type=cluster_type,
                )
        else:
            for vca_index, _ in enumerate(db_nsr["_admin"]["deployed"]["VCA"]):
                table, filter = "nsrs", {"_id": nsr_id}
                path = "_admin.deployed.VCA.{}.".format(vca_index)
                await self._on_update_n2vc_db(table, filter, path, {})

        self.logger.debug("Task ns={} action={} Exit".format(nsr_id, nslcmop_id))
        self.lcm_tasks.remove("ns", nsr_id, nslcmop_id, "ns_vca_status_refresh")

    async def action(self, nsr_id, nslcmop_id):
        # Try to lock HA task here
        task_is_locked_by_me = self.lcm_tasks.lock_HA("ns", "nslcmops", nslcmop_id)
        if not task_is_locked_by_me:
            return

        logging_text = "Task ns={} action={} ".format(nsr_id, nslcmop_id)
        self.logger.debug(logging_text + "Enter")
        # get all needed from database
        db_nsr = None
        db_nslcmop = None
        db_nsr_update = {}
        db_nslcmop_update = {}
        nslcmop_operation_state = None
        error_description_nslcmop = None
        exc = None
        step = ""
        try:
            # wait for any previous tasks in process
            step = "Waiting for previous operations to terminate"
            await self.lcm_tasks.waitfor_related_HA("ns", "nslcmops", nslcmop_id)

            self._write_ns_status(
                nsr_id=nsr_id,
                ns_state=None,
                current_operation="RUNNING ACTION",
                current_operation_id=nslcmop_id,
            )

            step = "Getting information from database"
            db_nslcmop = self.db.get_one("nslcmops", {"_id": nslcmop_id})
            db_nsr = self.db.get_one("nsrs", {"_id": nsr_id})
            if db_nslcmop["operationParams"].get("primitive_params"):
                db_nslcmop["operationParams"]["primitive_params"] = json.loads(
                    db_nslcmop["operationParams"]["primitive_params"]
                )

            nsr_deployed = db_nsr["_admin"].get("deployed")
            vnf_index = db_nslcmop["operationParams"].get("member_vnf_index")
            vdu_id = db_nslcmop["operationParams"].get("vdu_id")
            kdu_name = db_nslcmop["operationParams"].get("kdu_name")
            vdu_count_index = db_nslcmop["operationParams"].get("vdu_count_index")
            primitive = db_nslcmop["operationParams"]["primitive"]
            primitive_params = db_nslcmop["operationParams"]["primitive_params"]
            timeout_ns_action = db_nslcmop["operationParams"].get(
                "timeout_ns_action", self.timeout.primitive
            )

            if vnf_index:
                step = "Getting vnfr from database"
                db_vnfr = self.db.get_one(
                    "vnfrs", {"member-vnf-index-ref": vnf_index, "nsr-id-ref": nsr_id}
                )
                if db_vnfr.get("kdur"):
                    kdur_list = []
                    for kdur in db_vnfr["kdur"]:
                        if kdur.get("additionalParams"):
                            kdur["additionalParams"] = json.loads(
                                kdur["additionalParams"]
                            )
                        kdur_list.append(kdur)
                    db_vnfr["kdur"] = kdur_list
                step = "Getting vnfd from database"
                db_vnfd = self.db.get_one("vnfds", {"_id": db_vnfr["vnfd-id"]})

                # Sync filesystem before running a primitive
                self.fs.sync(db_vnfr["vnfd-id"])
            else:
                step = "Getting nsd from database"
                db_nsd = self.db.get_one("nsds", {"_id": db_nsr["nsd-id"]})

            vca_id = self.get_vca_id(db_vnfr, db_nsr)
            # for backward compatibility
            if nsr_deployed and isinstance(nsr_deployed.get("VCA"), dict):
                nsr_deployed["VCA"] = list(nsr_deployed["VCA"].values())
                db_nsr_update["_admin.deployed.VCA"] = nsr_deployed["VCA"]
                self.update_db_2("nsrs", nsr_id, db_nsr_update)

            # look for primitive
            config_primitive_desc = descriptor_configuration = None
            if vdu_id:
                descriptor_configuration = get_configuration(db_vnfd, vdu_id)
            elif kdu_name:
                descriptor_configuration = get_configuration(db_vnfd, kdu_name)
            elif vnf_index:
                descriptor_configuration = get_configuration(db_vnfd, db_vnfd["id"])
            else:
                descriptor_configuration = db_nsd.get("ns-configuration")

            if descriptor_configuration and descriptor_configuration.get(
                "config-primitive"
            ):
                for config_primitive in descriptor_configuration["config-primitive"]:
                    if config_primitive["name"] == primitive:
                        config_primitive_desc = config_primitive
                        break

            if not config_primitive_desc:
                if not (kdu_name and primitive in ("upgrade", "rollback", "status")):
                    raise LcmException(
                        "Primitive {} not found at [ns|vnf|vdu]-configuration:config-primitive ".format(
                            primitive
                        )
                    )
                primitive_name = primitive
                ee_descriptor_id = None
            else:
                primitive_name = config_primitive_desc.get(
                    "execution-environment-primitive", primitive
                )
                ee_descriptor_id = config_primitive_desc.get(
                    "execution-environment-ref"
                )

            if vnf_index:
                if vdu_id:
                    vdur = next(
                        (x for x in db_vnfr["vdur"] if x["vdu-id-ref"] == vdu_id), None
                    )
                    desc_params = parse_yaml_strings(vdur.get("additionalParams"))
                elif kdu_name:
                    kdur = next(
                        (x for x in db_vnfr["kdur"] if x["kdu-name"] == kdu_name), None
                    )
                    desc_params = parse_yaml_strings(kdur.get("additionalParams"))
                else:
                    desc_params = parse_yaml_strings(
                        db_vnfr.get("additionalParamsForVnf")
                    )
            else:
                desc_params = parse_yaml_strings(db_nsr.get("additionalParamsForNs"))
            if kdu_name and get_configuration(db_vnfd, kdu_name):
                kdu_configuration = get_configuration(db_vnfd, kdu_name)
                actions = set()
                for primitive in kdu_configuration.get("initial-config-primitive", []):
                    actions.add(primitive["name"])
                for primitive in kdu_configuration.get("config-primitive", []):
                    actions.add(primitive["name"])
                kdu = find_in_list(
                    nsr_deployed["K8s"],
                    lambda kdu: kdu_name == kdu["kdu-name"]
                    and kdu["member-vnf-index"] == vnf_index,
                )
                kdu_action = (
                    True
                    if primitive_name in actions
                    and kdu["k8scluster-type"] != "helm-chart-v3"
                    else False
                )

            # TODO check if ns is in a proper status
            if kdu_name and (
                primitive_name in ("upgrade", "rollback", "status") or kdu_action
            ):
                # kdur and desc_params already set from before
                if primitive_params:
                    desc_params.update(primitive_params)
                # TODO Check if we will need something at vnf level
                for index, kdu in enumerate(get_iterable(nsr_deployed, "K8s")):
                    if (
                        kdu_name == kdu["kdu-name"]
                        and kdu["member-vnf-index"] == vnf_index
                    ):
                        break
                else:
                    raise LcmException(
                        "KDU '{}' for vnf '{}' not deployed".format(kdu_name, vnf_index)
                    )

                if kdu.get("k8scluster-type") not in self.k8scluster_map:
                    msg = "unknown k8scluster-type '{}'".format(
                        kdu.get("k8scluster-type")
                    )
                    raise LcmException(msg)

                db_dict = {
                    "collection": "nsrs",
                    "filter": {"_id": nsr_id},
                    "path": "_admin.deployed.K8s.{}".format(index),
                }
                self.logger.debug(
                    logging_text
                    + "Exec k8s {} on {}.{}".format(primitive_name, vnf_index, kdu_name)
                )
                step = "Executing kdu {}".format(primitive_name)
                if primitive_name == "upgrade":
                    if desc_params.get("kdu_model"):
                        kdu_model = desc_params.get("kdu_model")
                        del desc_params["kdu_model"]
                    else:
                        kdu_model = kdu.get("kdu-model")
                        if kdu_model.count("/") < 2:  # helm chart is not embedded
                            parts = kdu_model.split(sep=":")
                            if len(parts) == 2:
                                kdu_model = parts[0]
                    if desc_params.get("kdu_atomic_upgrade"):
                        atomic_upgrade = desc_params.get(
                            "kdu_atomic_upgrade"
                        ).lower() in ("yes", "true", "1")
                        del desc_params["kdu_atomic_upgrade"]
                    else:
                        atomic_upgrade = True

                    detailed_status = await asyncio.wait_for(
                        self.k8scluster_map[kdu["k8scluster-type"]].upgrade(
                            cluster_uuid=kdu.get("k8scluster-uuid"),
                            kdu_instance=kdu.get("kdu-instance"),
                            atomic=atomic_upgrade,
                            kdu_model=kdu_model,
                            params=desc_params,
                            db_dict=db_dict,
                            timeout=timeout_ns_action,
                        ),
                        timeout=timeout_ns_action + 10,
                    )
                    self.logger.debug(
                        logging_text + " Upgrade of kdu {} done".format(detailed_status)
                    )
                elif primitive_name == "rollback":
                    detailed_status = await asyncio.wait_for(
                        self.k8scluster_map[kdu["k8scluster-type"]].rollback(
                            cluster_uuid=kdu.get("k8scluster-uuid"),
                            kdu_instance=kdu.get("kdu-instance"),
                            db_dict=db_dict,
                        ),
                        timeout=timeout_ns_action,
                    )
                elif primitive_name == "status":
                    detailed_status = await asyncio.wait_for(
                        self.k8scluster_map[kdu["k8scluster-type"]].status_kdu(
                            cluster_uuid=kdu.get("k8scluster-uuid"),
                            kdu_instance=kdu.get("kdu-instance"),
                            vca_id=vca_id,
                        ),
                        timeout=timeout_ns_action,
                    )
                else:
                    kdu_instance = kdu.get("kdu-instance") or "{}-{}".format(
                        kdu["kdu-name"], nsr_id
                    )
                    params = self._map_primitive_params(
                        config_primitive_desc, primitive_params, desc_params
                    )

                    detailed_status = await asyncio.wait_for(
                        self.k8scluster_map[kdu["k8scluster-type"]].exec_primitive(
                            cluster_uuid=kdu.get("k8scluster-uuid"),
                            kdu_instance=kdu_instance,
                            primitive_name=primitive_name,
                            params=params,
                            db_dict=db_dict,
                            timeout=timeout_ns_action,
                            vca_id=vca_id,
                        ),
                        timeout=timeout_ns_action,
                    )

                if detailed_status:
                    nslcmop_operation_state = "COMPLETED"
                else:
                    detailed_status = ""
                    nslcmop_operation_state = "FAILED"
            else:
                ee_id, vca_type = self._look_for_deployed_vca(
                    nsr_deployed["VCA"],
                    member_vnf_index=vnf_index,
                    vdu_id=vdu_id,
                    vdu_count_index=vdu_count_index,
                    ee_descriptor_id=ee_descriptor_id,
                )
                for vca_index, vca_deployed in enumerate(
                    db_nsr["_admin"]["deployed"]["VCA"]
                ):
                    if vca_deployed.get("member-vnf-index") == vnf_index:
                        db_dict = {
                            "collection": "nsrs",
                            "filter": {"_id": nsr_id},
                            "path": "_admin.deployed.VCA.{}.".format(vca_index),
                        }
                        break
                (
                    nslcmop_operation_state,
                    detailed_status,
                ) = await self._ns_execute_primitive(
                    ee_id,
                    primitive=primitive_name,
                    primitive_params=self._map_primitive_params(
                        config_primitive_desc, primitive_params, desc_params
                    ),
                    timeout=timeout_ns_action,
                    vca_type=vca_type,
                    db_dict=db_dict,
                    vca_id=vca_id,
                )

            db_nslcmop_update["detailed-status"] = detailed_status
            error_description_nslcmop = (
                detailed_status if nslcmop_operation_state == "FAILED" else ""
            )
            self.logger.debug(
                logging_text
                + "Done with result {} {}".format(
                    nslcmop_operation_state, detailed_status
                )
            )
            return  # database update is called inside finally

        except (DbException, LcmException, N2VCException, K8sException) as e:
            self.logger.error(logging_text + "Exit Exception {}".format(e))
            exc = e
        except asyncio.CancelledError:
            self.logger.error(
                logging_text + "Cancelled Exception while '{}'".format(step)
            )
            exc = "Operation was cancelled"
        except asyncio.TimeoutError:
            self.logger.error(logging_text + "Timeout while '{}'".format(step))
            exc = "Timeout"
        except Exception as e:
            exc = traceback.format_exc()
            self.logger.critical(
                logging_text + "Exit Exception {} {}".format(type(e).__name__, e),
                exc_info=True,
            )
        finally:
            if exc:
                db_nslcmop_update[
                    "detailed-status"
                ] = (
                    detailed_status
                ) = error_description_nslcmop = "FAILED {}: {}".format(step, exc)
                nslcmop_operation_state = "FAILED"
            if db_nsr:
                self._write_ns_status(
                    nsr_id=nsr_id,
                    ns_state=db_nsr[
                        "nsState"
                    ],  # TODO check if degraded. For the moment use previous status
                    current_operation="IDLE",
                    current_operation_id=None,
                    # error_description=error_description_nsr,
                    # error_detail=error_detail,
                    other_update=db_nsr_update,
                )

            self._write_op_status(
                op_id=nslcmop_id,
                stage="",
                error_message=error_description_nslcmop,
                operation_state=nslcmop_operation_state,
                other_update=db_nslcmop_update,
            )

            if nslcmop_operation_state:
                try:
                    await self.msg.aiowrite(
                        "ns",
                        "actioned",
                        {
                            "nsr_id": nsr_id,
                            "nslcmop_id": nslcmop_id,
                            "operationState": nslcmop_operation_state,
                        },
                    )
                except Exception as e:
                    self.logger.error(
                        logging_text + "kafka_write notification Exception {}".format(e)
                    )
            self.logger.debug(logging_text + "Exit")
            self.lcm_tasks.remove("ns", nsr_id, nslcmop_id, "ns_action")
            return nslcmop_operation_state, detailed_status

    async def terminate_vdus(
        self, db_vnfr, member_vnf_index, db_nsr, update_db_nslcmops, stage, logging_text
    ):
        """This method terminates VDUs

        Args:
            db_vnfr: VNF instance record
            member_vnf_index: VNF index to identify the VDUs to be removed
            db_nsr: NS instance record
            update_db_nslcmops: Nslcmop update record
        """
        vca_scaling_info = []
        scaling_info = {"scaling_group_name": "vdu_autoscale", "vdu": [], "kdu": []}
        scaling_info["scaling_direction"] = "IN"
        scaling_info["vdu-delete"] = {}
        scaling_info["kdu-delete"] = {}
        db_vdur = db_vnfr.get("vdur")
        vdur_list = copy(db_vdur)
        count_index = 0
        for index, vdu in enumerate(vdur_list):
            vca_scaling_info.append(
                {
                    "osm_vdu_id": vdu["vdu-id-ref"],
                    "member-vnf-index": member_vnf_index,
                    "type": "delete",
                    "vdu_index": count_index,
                }
            )
            scaling_info["vdu-delete"][vdu["vdu-id-ref"]] = count_index
            scaling_info["vdu"].append(
                {
                    "name": vdu.get("name") or vdu.get("vdu-name"),
                    "vdu_id": vdu["vdu-id-ref"],
                    "interface": [],
                }
            )
            for interface in vdu["interfaces"]:
                scaling_info["vdu"][index]["interface"].append(
                    {
                        "name": interface["name"],
                        "ip_address": interface["ip-address"],
                        "mac_address": interface.get("mac-address"),
                    }
                )
            self.logger.info("NS update scaling info{}".format(scaling_info))
            stage[2] = "Terminating VDUs"
            if scaling_info.get("vdu-delete"):
                # scale_process = "RO"
                if self.ro_config.ng:
                    await self._scale_ng_ro(
                        logging_text,
                        db_nsr,
                        update_db_nslcmops,
                        db_vnfr,
                        scaling_info,
                        stage,
                    )

    async def remove_vnf(self, nsr_id, nslcmop_id, vnf_instance_id):
        """This method is to Remove VNF instances from NS.

        Args:
            nsr_id: NS instance id
            nslcmop_id: nslcmop id of update
            vnf_instance_id: id of the VNF instance to be removed

        Returns:
            result: (str, str) COMPLETED/FAILED, details
        """
        try:
            db_nsr_update = {}
            logging_text = "Task ns={} update ".format(nsr_id)
            check_vnfr_count = len(self.db.get_list("vnfrs", {"nsr-id-ref": nsr_id}))
            self.logger.info("check_vnfr_count {}".format(check_vnfr_count))
            if check_vnfr_count > 1:
                stage = ["", "", ""]
                step = "Getting nslcmop from database"
                self.logger.debug(
                    step + " after having waited for previous tasks to be completed"
                )
                # db_nslcmop = self.db.get_one("nslcmops", {"_id": nslcmop_id})
                db_nsr = self.db.get_one("nsrs", {"_id": nsr_id})
                db_vnfr = self.db.get_one("vnfrs", {"_id": vnf_instance_id})
                member_vnf_index = db_vnfr["member-vnf-index-ref"]
                """ db_vnfr = self.db.get_one(
                    "vnfrs", {"member-vnf-index-ref": member_vnf_index, "nsr-id-ref": nsr_id}) """

                update_db_nslcmops = self.db.get_one("nslcmops", {"_id": nslcmop_id})
                await self.terminate_vdus(
                    db_vnfr,
                    member_vnf_index,
                    db_nsr,
                    update_db_nslcmops,
                    stage,
                    logging_text,
                )

                constituent_vnfr = db_nsr.get("constituent-vnfr-ref")
                constituent_vnfr.remove(db_vnfr.get("_id"))
                db_nsr_update["constituent-vnfr-ref"] = db_nsr.get(
                    "constituent-vnfr-ref"
                )
                self.update_db_2("nsrs", nsr_id, db_nsr_update)
                self.db.del_one("vnfrs", {"_id": db_vnfr.get("_id")})
                self.update_db_2("nsrs", nsr_id, db_nsr_update)
                return "COMPLETED", "Done"
            else:
                step = "Terminate VNF Failed with"
                raise LcmException(
                    "{} Cannot terminate the last VNF in this NS.".format(
                        vnf_instance_id
                    )
                )
        except (LcmException, asyncio.CancelledError):
            raise
        except Exception as e:
            self.logger.debug("Error removing VNF {}".format(e))
            return "FAILED", "Error removing VNF {}".format(e)

    async def _ns_redeploy_vnf(
        self,
        nsr_id,
        nslcmop_id,
        db_vnfd,
        db_vnfr,
        db_nsr,
    ):
        """This method updates and redeploys VNF instances

        Args:
            nsr_id: NS instance id
            nslcmop_id:   nslcmop id
            db_vnfd: VNF descriptor
            db_vnfr: VNF instance record
            db_nsr: NS instance record

        Returns:
            result: (str, str) COMPLETED/FAILED, details
        """
        try:
            count_index = 0
            stage = ["", "", ""]
            logging_text = "Task ns={} update ".format(nsr_id)
            latest_vnfd_revision = db_vnfd["_admin"].get("revision")
            member_vnf_index = db_vnfr["member-vnf-index-ref"]

            # Terminate old VNF resources
            update_db_nslcmops = self.db.get_one("nslcmops", {"_id": nslcmop_id})
            await self.terminate_vdus(
                db_vnfr,
                member_vnf_index,
                db_nsr,
                update_db_nslcmops,
                stage,
                logging_text,
            )

            # old_vnfd_id = db_vnfr["vnfd-id"]
            # new_db_vnfd = self.db.get_one("vnfds", {"_id": vnfd_id})
            new_db_vnfd = db_vnfd
            # new_vnfd_ref = new_db_vnfd["id"]
            # new_vnfd_id = vnfd_id

            # Create VDUR
            new_vnfr_cp = []
            for cp in new_db_vnfd.get("ext-cpd", ()):
                vnf_cp = {
                    "name": cp.get("id"),
                    "connection-point-id": cp.get("int-cpd", {}).get("cpd"),
                    "connection-point-vdu-id": cp.get("int-cpd", {}).get("vdu-id"),
                    "id": cp.get("id"),
                }
                new_vnfr_cp.append(vnf_cp)
            new_vdur = update_db_nslcmops["operationParams"]["newVdur"]
            # new_vdur = self._create_vdur_descriptor_from_vnfd(db_nsd, db_vnfd, old_db_vnfd, vnfd_id, db_nsr, member_vnf_index)
            # new_vnfr_update = {"vnfd-ref": new_vnfd_ref, "vnfd-id": new_vnfd_id, "connection-point": new_vnfr_cp, "vdur": new_vdur, "ip-address": ""}
            new_vnfr_update = {
                "revision": latest_vnfd_revision,
                "connection-point": new_vnfr_cp,
                "vdur": new_vdur,
                "ip-address": "",
            }
            self.update_db_2("vnfrs", db_vnfr["_id"], new_vnfr_update)
            updated_db_vnfr = self.db.get_one(
                "vnfrs",
                {"member-vnf-index-ref": member_vnf_index, "nsr-id-ref": nsr_id},
            )

            # Instantiate new VNF resources
            # update_db_nslcmops = self.db.get_one("nslcmops", {"_id": nslcmop_id})
            vca_scaling_info = []
            scaling_info = {"scaling_group_name": "vdu_autoscale", "vdu": [], "kdu": []}
            scaling_info["scaling_direction"] = "OUT"
            scaling_info["vdu-create"] = {}
            scaling_info["kdu-create"] = {}
            vdud_instantiate_list = db_vnfd["vdu"]
            for index, vdud in enumerate(vdud_instantiate_list):
                cloud_init_text = self._get_vdu_cloud_init_content(vdud, db_vnfd)
                if cloud_init_text:
                    additional_params = (
                        self._get_vdu_additional_params(updated_db_vnfr, vdud["id"])
                        or {}
                    )
                cloud_init_list = []
                if cloud_init_text:
                    # TODO Information of its own ip is not available because db_vnfr is not updated.
                    additional_params["OSM"] = get_osm_params(
                        updated_db_vnfr, vdud["id"], 1
                    )
                    cloud_init_list.append(
                        self._parse_cloud_init(
                            cloud_init_text,
                            additional_params,
                            db_vnfd["id"],
                            vdud["id"],
                        )
                    )
                    vca_scaling_info.append(
                        {
                            "osm_vdu_id": vdud["id"],
                            "member-vnf-index": member_vnf_index,
                            "type": "create",
                            "vdu_index": count_index,
                        }
                    )
                scaling_info["vdu-create"][vdud["id"]] = count_index
            if self.ro_config.ng:
                self.logger.debug(
                    "New Resources to be deployed: {}".format(scaling_info)
                )
                await self._scale_ng_ro(
                    logging_text,
                    db_nsr,
                    update_db_nslcmops,
                    updated_db_vnfr,
                    scaling_info,
                    stage,
                )
                return "COMPLETED", "Done"
        except (LcmException, asyncio.CancelledError):
            raise
        except Exception as e:
            self.logger.debug("Error updating VNF {}".format(e))
            return "FAILED", "Error updating VNF {}".format(e)

    async def _ns_charm_upgrade(
        self,
        ee_id,
        charm_id,
        charm_type,
        path,
        timeout: float = None,
    ) -> (str, str):
        """This method upgrade charms in VNF instances

        Args:
            ee_id:  Execution environment id
            path:   Local path to the charm
            charm_id: charm-id
            charm_type: Charm type can be lxc-proxy-charm, native-charm or k8s-proxy-charm
            timeout: (Float)    Timeout for the ns update operation

        Returns:
            result: (str, str) COMPLETED/FAILED, details
        """
        try:
            charm_type = charm_type or "lxc_proxy_charm"
            output = await self.vca_map[charm_type].upgrade_charm(
                ee_id=ee_id,
                path=path,
                charm_id=charm_id,
                charm_type=charm_type,
                timeout=timeout or self.timeout.ns_update,
            )

            if output:
                return "COMPLETED", output

        except (LcmException, asyncio.CancelledError):
            raise

        except Exception as e:
            self.logger.debug("Error upgrading charm {}".format(path))

            return "FAILED", "Error upgrading charm {}: {}".format(path, e)

    async def update(self, nsr_id, nslcmop_id):
        """Update NS according to different update types

        This method performs upgrade of VNF instances then updates the revision
        number in VNF record

        Args:
            nsr_id: Network service will be updated
            nslcmop_id: ns lcm operation id

        Returns:
             It may raise DbException, LcmException, N2VCException, K8sException

        """
        # Try to lock HA task here
        task_is_locked_by_me = self.lcm_tasks.lock_HA("ns", "nslcmops", nslcmop_id)
        if not task_is_locked_by_me:
            return

        logging_text = "Task ns={} update={} ".format(nsr_id, nslcmop_id)
        self.logger.debug(logging_text + "Enter")

        # Set the required variables to be filled up later
        db_nsr = None
        db_nslcmop_update = {}
        vnfr_update = {}
        nslcmop_operation_state = None
        db_nsr_update = {}
        error_description_nslcmop = ""
        exc = None
        change_type = "updated"
        detailed_status = ""
        member_vnf_index = None

        try:
            # wait for any previous tasks in process
            step = "Waiting for previous operations to terminate"
            await self.lcm_tasks.waitfor_related_HA("ns", "nslcmops", nslcmop_id)
            self._write_ns_status(
                nsr_id=nsr_id,
                ns_state=None,
                current_operation="UPDATING",
                current_operation_id=nslcmop_id,
            )

            step = "Getting nslcmop from database"
            db_nslcmop = self.db.get_one(
                "nslcmops", {"_id": nslcmop_id}, fail_on_empty=False
            )
            update_type = db_nslcmop["operationParams"]["updateType"]

            step = "Getting nsr from database"
            db_nsr = self.db.get_one("nsrs", {"_id": nsr_id})
            old_operational_status = db_nsr["operational-status"]
            db_nsr_update["operational-status"] = "updating"
            self.update_db_2("nsrs", nsr_id, db_nsr_update)
            nsr_deployed = db_nsr["_admin"].get("deployed")

            if update_type == "CHANGE_VNFPKG":
                # Get the input parameters given through update request
                vnf_instance_id = db_nslcmop["operationParams"][
                    "changeVnfPackageData"
                ].get("vnfInstanceId")

                vnfd_id = db_nslcmop["operationParams"]["changeVnfPackageData"].get(
                    "vnfdId"
                )
                timeout_seconds = db_nslcmop["operationParams"].get("timeout_ns_update")

                step = "Getting vnfr from database"
                db_vnfr = self.db.get_one(
                    "vnfrs", {"_id": vnf_instance_id}, fail_on_empty=False
                )

                step = "Getting vnfds from database"
                # Latest VNFD
                latest_vnfd = self.db.get_one(
                    "vnfds", {"_id": vnfd_id}, fail_on_empty=False
                )
                latest_vnfd_revision = latest_vnfd["_admin"].get("revision")

                # Current VNFD
                current_vnf_revision = db_vnfr.get("revision", 1)
                current_vnfd = self.db.get_one(
                    "vnfds_revisions",
                    {"_id": vnfd_id + ":" + str(current_vnf_revision)},
                    fail_on_empty=False,
                )
                # Charm artifact paths will be filled up later
                (
                    current_charm_artifact_path,
                    target_charm_artifact_path,
                    charm_artifact_paths,
                    helm_artifacts,
                ) = ([], [], [], [])

                step = "Checking if revision has changed in VNFD"
                if current_vnf_revision != latest_vnfd_revision:
                    change_type = "policy_updated"

                    # There is new revision of VNFD, update operation is required
                    current_vnfd_path = vnfd_id + ":" + str(current_vnf_revision)
                    latest_vnfd_path = vnfd_id + ":" + str(latest_vnfd_revision)

                    step = "Removing the VNFD packages if they exist in the local path"
                    shutil.rmtree(self.fs.path + current_vnfd_path, ignore_errors=True)
                    shutil.rmtree(self.fs.path + latest_vnfd_path, ignore_errors=True)

                    step = "Get the VNFD packages from FSMongo"
                    self.fs.sync(from_path=latest_vnfd_path)
                    self.fs.sync(from_path=current_vnfd_path)

                    step = (
                        "Get the charm-type, charm-id, ee-id if there is deployed VCA"
                    )
                    current_base_folder = current_vnfd["_admin"]["storage"]
                    latest_base_folder = latest_vnfd["_admin"]["storage"]

                    for vca_index, vca_deployed in enumerate(
                        get_iterable(nsr_deployed, "VCA")
                    ):
                        vnf_index = db_vnfr.get("member-vnf-index-ref")

                        # Getting charm-id and charm-type
                        if vca_deployed.get("member-vnf-index") == vnf_index:
                            vca_id = self.get_vca_id(db_vnfr, db_nsr)
                            vca_type = vca_deployed.get("type")
                            vdu_count_index = vca_deployed.get("vdu_count_index")

                            # Getting ee-id
                            ee_id = vca_deployed.get("ee_id")

                            step = "Getting descriptor config"
                            if current_vnfd.get("kdu"):
                                search_key = "kdu_name"
                            else:
                                search_key = "vnfd_id"

                            entity_id = vca_deployed.get(search_key)

                            descriptor_config = get_configuration(
                                current_vnfd, entity_id
                            )

                            if "execution-environment-list" in descriptor_config:
                                ee_list = descriptor_config.get(
                                    "execution-environment-list", []
                                )
                            else:
                                ee_list = []

                            # There could be several charm used in the same VNF
                            for ee_item in ee_list:
                                if ee_item.get("juju"):
                                    step = "Getting charm name"
                                    charm_name = ee_item["juju"].get("charm")

                                    step = "Setting Charm artifact paths"
                                    current_charm_artifact_path.append(
                                        get_charm_artifact_path(
                                            current_base_folder,
                                            charm_name,
                                            vca_type,
                                            current_vnf_revision,
                                        )
                                    )
                                    target_charm_artifact_path.append(
                                        get_charm_artifact_path(
                                            latest_base_folder,
                                            charm_name,
                                            vca_type,
                                            latest_vnfd_revision,
                                        )
                                    )
                                elif ee_item.get("helm-chart"):
                                    # add chart to list and all parameters
                                    step = "Getting helm chart name"
                                    chart_name = ee_item.get("helm-chart")
                                    vca_type = "helm-v3"
                                    step = "Setting Helm chart artifact paths"

                                    helm_artifacts.append(
                                        {
                                            "current_artifact_path": get_charm_artifact_path(
                                                current_base_folder,
                                                chart_name,
                                                vca_type,
                                                current_vnf_revision,
                                            ),
                                            "target_artifact_path": get_charm_artifact_path(
                                                latest_base_folder,
                                                chart_name,
                                                vca_type,
                                                latest_vnfd_revision,
                                            ),
                                            "ee_id": ee_id,
                                            "vca_index": vca_index,
                                            "vdu_index": vdu_count_index,
                                        }
                                    )

                            charm_artifact_paths = zip(
                                current_charm_artifact_path, target_charm_artifact_path
                            )

                    step = "Checking if software version has changed in VNFD"
                    if find_software_version(current_vnfd) != find_software_version(
                        latest_vnfd
                    ):
                        step = "Checking if existing VNF has charm"
                        for current_charm_path, target_charm_path in list(
                            charm_artifact_paths
                        ):
                            if current_charm_path:
                                raise LcmException(
                                    "Software version change is not supported as VNF instance {} has charm.".format(
                                        vnf_instance_id
                                    )
                                )

                        step = "Checking whether the descriptor has SFC"
                        if db_nsr.get("nsd", {}).get("vnffgd"):
                            raise LcmException(
                                "Ns update is not allowed for NS with SFC"
                            )

                        # There is no change in the charm package, then redeploy the VNF
                        # based on new descriptor
                        step = "Redeploying VNF"
                        member_vnf_index = db_vnfr["member-vnf-index-ref"]
                        (result, detailed_status) = await self._ns_redeploy_vnf(
                            nsr_id, nslcmop_id, latest_vnfd, db_vnfr, db_nsr
                        )
                        if result == "FAILED":
                            nslcmop_operation_state = result
                            error_description_nslcmop = detailed_status
                            old_operational_status = "failed"
                        db_nslcmop_update["detailed-status"] = detailed_status
                        db_nsr_update["detailed-status"] = detailed_status
                        scaling_aspect = get_scaling_aspect(latest_vnfd)
                        scaling_group_desc = db_nsr.get("_admin").get(
                            "scaling-group", None
                        )
                        if scaling_group_desc:
                            for aspect in scaling_aspect:
                                scaling_group_id = aspect.get("id")
                                for scale_index, scaling_group in enumerate(
                                    scaling_group_desc
                                ):
                                    if scaling_group.get("name") == scaling_group_id:
                                        db_nsr_update[
                                            "_admin.scaling-group.{}.nb-scale-op".format(
                                                scale_index
                                            )
                                        ] = 0
                        self.logger.debug(
                            logging_text
                            + " step {} Done with result {} {}".format(
                                step, nslcmop_operation_state, detailed_status
                            )
                        )

                    else:
                        step = "Checking if any charm package has changed or not"
                        for current_charm_path, target_charm_path in list(
                            charm_artifact_paths
                        ):
                            if (
                                current_charm_path
                                and target_charm_path
                                and self.check_charm_hash_changed(
                                    current_charm_path, target_charm_path
                                )
                            ):
                                step = "Checking whether VNF uses juju bundle"
                                if check_juju_bundle_existence(current_vnfd):
                                    raise LcmException(
                                        "Charm upgrade is not supported for the instance which"
                                        " uses juju-bundle: {}".format(
                                            check_juju_bundle_existence(current_vnfd)
                                        )
                                    )

                                step = "Upgrading Charm"
                                (
                                    result,
                                    detailed_status,
                                ) = await self._ns_charm_upgrade(
                                    ee_id=ee_id,
                                    charm_id=vca_id,
                                    charm_type=vca_type,
                                    path=self.fs.path + target_charm_path,
                                    timeout=timeout_seconds,
                                )

                                if result == "FAILED":
                                    nslcmop_operation_state = result
                                    error_description_nslcmop = detailed_status

                                db_nslcmop_update["detailed-status"] = detailed_status
                                self.logger.debug(
                                    logging_text
                                    + " step {} Done with result {} {}".format(
                                        step, nslcmop_operation_state, detailed_status
                                    )
                                )

                        step = "Updating policies"
                        member_vnf_index = db_vnfr["member-vnf-index-ref"]
                        result = "COMPLETED"
                        detailed_status = "Done"
                        db_nslcmop_update["detailed-status"] = "Done"

                    # helm base EE
                    for item in helm_artifacts:
                        if not (
                            item["current_artifact_path"]
                            and item["target_artifact_path"]
                            and self.check_charm_hash_changed(
                                item["current_artifact_path"],
                                item["target_artifact_path"],
                            )
                        ):
                            continue
                        db_update_entry = "_admin.deployed.VCA.{}.".format(
                            item["vca_index"]
                        )
                        vnfr_id = db_vnfr["_id"]
                        osm_config = {"osm": {"ns_id": nsr_id, "vnf_id": vnfr_id}}
                        db_dict = {
                            "collection": "nsrs",
                            "filter": {"_id": nsr_id},
                            "path": db_update_entry,
                        }
                        vca_type, namespace, helm_id = get_ee_id_parts(item["ee_id"])
                        await self.vca_map[vca_type].upgrade_execution_environment(
                            namespace=namespace,
                            helm_id=helm_id,
                            db_dict=db_dict,
                            config=osm_config,
                            artifact_path=item["target_artifact_path"],
                            vca_type=vca_type,
                        )
                        vnf_id = db_vnfr.get("vnfd-ref")
                        config_descriptor = get_configuration(latest_vnfd, vnf_id)
                        self.logger.debug("get ssh key block")
                        rw_mgmt_ip = None
                        if deep_get(
                            config_descriptor,
                            ("config-access", "ssh-access", "required"),
                        ):
                            # Needed to inject a ssh key
                            user = deep_get(
                                config_descriptor,
                                ("config-access", "ssh-access", "default-user"),
                            )
                            step = (
                                "Install configuration Software, getting public ssh key"
                            )
                            pub_key = await self.vca_map[
                                vca_type
                            ].get_ee_ssh_public__key(
                                ee_id=ee_id, db_dict=db_dict, vca_id=vca_id
                            )

                            step = (
                                "Insert public key into VM user={} ssh_key={}".format(
                                    user, pub_key
                                )
                            )
                            self.logger.debug(logging_text + step)

                            # wait for RO (ip-address) Insert pub_key into VM
                            rw_mgmt_ip = await self.wait_vm_up_insert_key_ro(
                                logging_text,
                                nsr_id,
                                vnfr_id,
                                None,
                                item["vdu_index"],
                                user=user,
                                pub_key=pub_key,
                            )

                        initial_config_primitive_list = config_descriptor.get(
                            "initial-config-primitive"
                        )
                        config_primitive = next(
                            (
                                p
                                for p in initial_config_primitive_list
                                if p["name"] == "config"
                            ),
                            None,
                        )
                        if not config_primitive:
                            continue

                        deploy_params = {"OSM": get_osm_params(db_vnfr)}
                        if rw_mgmt_ip:
                            deploy_params["rw_mgmt_ip"] = rw_mgmt_ip
                        if db_vnfr.get("additionalParamsForVnf"):
                            deploy_params.update(
                                parse_yaml_strings(
                                    db_vnfr["additionalParamsForVnf"].copy()
                                )
                            )
                        primitive_params_ = self._map_primitive_params(
                            config_primitive, {}, deploy_params
                        )

                        step = "execute primitive '{}' params '{}'".format(
                            config_primitive["name"], primitive_params_
                        )
                        self.logger.debug(logging_text + step)
                        await self.vca_map[vca_type].exec_primitive(
                            ee_id=ee_id,
                            primitive_name=config_primitive["name"],
                            params_dict=primitive_params_,
                            db_dict=db_dict,
                            vca_id=vca_id,
                            vca_type=vca_type,
                        )

                        step = "Updating policies"
                        member_vnf_index = db_vnfr["member-vnf-index-ref"]
                        detailed_status = "Done"
                        db_nslcmop_update["detailed-status"] = "Done"

                    #  If nslcmop_operation_state is None, so any operation is not failed.
                    if not nslcmop_operation_state:
                        nslcmop_operation_state = "COMPLETED"

                        # If update CHANGE_VNFPKG nslcmop_operation is successful
                        # vnf revision need to be updated
                        vnfr_update["revision"] = latest_vnfd_revision
                        self.update_db_2("vnfrs", db_vnfr["_id"], vnfr_update)

                    self.logger.debug(
                        logging_text
                        + " task Done with result {} {}".format(
                            nslcmop_operation_state, detailed_status
                        )
                    )
            elif update_type == "REMOVE_VNF":
                # This part is included in https://osm.etsi.org/gerrit/11876
                vnf_instance_id = db_nslcmop["operationParams"]["removeVnfInstanceId"]
                db_vnfr = self.db.get_one("vnfrs", {"_id": vnf_instance_id})
                member_vnf_index = db_vnfr["member-vnf-index-ref"]
                step = "Removing VNF"
                (result, detailed_status) = await self.remove_vnf(
                    nsr_id, nslcmop_id, vnf_instance_id
                )
                if result == "FAILED":
                    nslcmop_operation_state = result
                    error_description_nslcmop = detailed_status
                db_nslcmop_update["detailed-status"] = detailed_status
                change_type = "vnf_terminated"
                if not nslcmop_operation_state:
                    nslcmop_operation_state = "COMPLETED"
                self.logger.debug(
                    logging_text
                    + " task Done with result {} {}".format(
                        nslcmop_operation_state, detailed_status
                    )
                )

            elif update_type == "OPERATE_VNF":
                vnf_id = db_nslcmop["operationParams"]["operateVnfData"][
                    "vnfInstanceId"
                ]
                operation_type = db_nslcmop["operationParams"]["operateVnfData"][
                    "changeStateTo"
                ]
                additional_param = db_nslcmop["operationParams"]["operateVnfData"][
                    "additionalParam"
                ]
                (result, detailed_status) = await self.rebuild_start_stop(
                    nsr_id, nslcmop_id, vnf_id, additional_param, operation_type
                )
                if result == "FAILED":
                    nslcmop_operation_state = result
                    error_description_nslcmop = detailed_status
                db_nslcmop_update["detailed-status"] = detailed_status
                if not nslcmop_operation_state:
                    nslcmop_operation_state = "COMPLETED"
                self.logger.debug(
                    logging_text
                    + " task Done with result {} {}".format(
                        nslcmop_operation_state, detailed_status
                    )
                )

            #  If nslcmop_operation_state is None, so any operation is not failed.
            #  All operations are executed in overall.
            if not nslcmop_operation_state:
                nslcmop_operation_state = "COMPLETED"
            db_nsr_update["operational-status"] = old_operational_status

        except (DbException, LcmException, N2VCException, K8sException) as e:
            self.logger.error(logging_text + "Exit Exception {}".format(e))
            exc = e
        except asyncio.CancelledError:
            self.logger.error(
                logging_text + "Cancelled Exception while '{}'".format(step)
            )
            exc = "Operation was cancelled"
        except asyncio.TimeoutError:
            self.logger.error(logging_text + "Timeout while '{}'".format(step))
            exc = "Timeout"
        except Exception as e:
            exc = traceback.format_exc()
            self.logger.critical(
                logging_text + "Exit Exception {} {}".format(type(e).__name__, e),
                exc_info=True,
            )
        finally:
            if exc:
                db_nslcmop_update[
                    "detailed-status"
                ] = (
                    detailed_status
                ) = error_description_nslcmop = "FAILED {}: {}".format(step, exc)
                nslcmop_operation_state = "FAILED"
                db_nsr_update["operational-status"] = old_operational_status
            if db_nsr:
                self._write_ns_status(
                    nsr_id=nsr_id,
                    ns_state=db_nsr["nsState"],
                    current_operation="IDLE",
                    current_operation_id=None,
                    other_update=db_nsr_update,
                )

            self._write_op_status(
                op_id=nslcmop_id,
                stage="",
                error_message=error_description_nslcmop,
                operation_state=nslcmop_operation_state,
                other_update=db_nslcmop_update,
            )

            if nslcmop_operation_state:
                try:
                    msg = {
                        "nsr_id": nsr_id,
                        "nslcmop_id": nslcmop_id,
                        "operationState": nslcmop_operation_state,
                    }
                    if (
                        change_type in ("vnf_terminated", "policy_updated")
                        and member_vnf_index
                    ):
                        msg.update({"vnf_member_index": member_vnf_index})
                    await self.msg.aiowrite("ns", change_type, msg)
                except Exception as e:
                    self.logger.error(
                        logging_text + "kafka_write notification Exception {}".format(e)
                    )
            self.logger.debug(logging_text + "Exit")
            self.lcm_tasks.remove("ns", nsr_id, nslcmop_id, "ns_update")
            return nslcmop_operation_state, detailed_status

    async def scale(self, nsr_id, nslcmop_id):
        # Try to lock HA task here
        task_is_locked_by_me = self.lcm_tasks.lock_HA("ns", "nslcmops", nslcmop_id)
        if not task_is_locked_by_me:
            return

        logging_text = "Task ns={} scale={} ".format(nsr_id, nslcmop_id)
        stage = ["", "", ""]
        tasks_dict_info = {}
        # ^ stage, step, VIM progress
        self.logger.debug(logging_text + "Enter")
        # get all needed from database
        db_nsr = None
        db_nslcmop_update = {}
        db_nsr_update = {}
        exc = None
        # in case of error, indicates what part of scale was failed to put nsr at error status
        scale_process = None
        old_operational_status = ""
        old_config_status = ""
        nsi_id = None
        prom_job_name = ""
        try:
            # wait for any previous tasks in process
            step = "Waiting for previous operations to terminate"
            await self.lcm_tasks.waitfor_related_HA("ns", "nslcmops", nslcmop_id)
            self._write_ns_status(
                nsr_id=nsr_id,
                ns_state=None,
                current_operation="SCALING",
                current_operation_id=nslcmop_id,
            )

            step = "Getting nslcmop from database"
            self.logger.debug(
                step + " after having waited for previous tasks to be completed"
            )
            db_nslcmop = self.db.get_one("nslcmops", {"_id": nslcmop_id})

            step = "Getting nsr from database"
            db_nsr = self.db.get_one("nsrs", {"_id": nsr_id})
            old_operational_status = db_nsr["operational-status"]
            old_config_status = db_nsr["config-status"]

            step = "Checking whether the descriptor has SFC"
            if db_nsr.get("nsd", {}).get("vnffgd"):
                raise LcmException("Scaling is not allowed for NS with SFC")

            step = "Parsing scaling parameters"
            db_nsr_update["operational-status"] = "scaling"
            self.update_db_2("nsrs", nsr_id, db_nsr_update)
            nsr_deployed = db_nsr["_admin"].get("deployed")

            vnf_index = db_nslcmop["operationParams"]["scaleVnfData"][
                "scaleByStepData"
            ]["member-vnf-index"]
            scaling_group = db_nslcmop["operationParams"]["scaleVnfData"][
                "scaleByStepData"
            ]["scaling-group-descriptor"]
            scaling_type = db_nslcmop["operationParams"]["scaleVnfData"]["scaleVnfType"]
            # for backward compatibility
            if nsr_deployed and isinstance(nsr_deployed.get("VCA"), dict):
                nsr_deployed["VCA"] = list(nsr_deployed["VCA"].values())
                db_nsr_update["_admin.deployed.VCA"] = nsr_deployed["VCA"]
                self.update_db_2("nsrs", nsr_id, db_nsr_update)

            step = "Getting vnfr from database"
            db_vnfr = self.db.get_one(
                "vnfrs", {"member-vnf-index-ref": vnf_index, "nsr-id-ref": nsr_id}
            )

            vca_id = self.get_vca_id(db_vnfr, db_nsr)

            step = "Getting vnfd from database"
            db_vnfd = self.db.get_one("vnfds", {"_id": db_vnfr["vnfd-id"]})

            base_folder = db_vnfd["_admin"]["storage"]

            step = "Getting scaling-group-descriptor"
            scaling_descriptor = find_in_list(
                get_scaling_aspect(db_vnfd),
                lambda scale_desc: scale_desc["name"] == scaling_group,
            )
            if not scaling_descriptor:
                raise LcmException(
                    "input parameter 'scaleByStepData':'scaling-group-descriptor':'{}' is not present "
                    "at vnfd:scaling-group-descriptor".format(scaling_group)
                )

            step = "Sending scale order to VIM"
            # TODO check if ns is in a proper status
            nb_scale_op = 0
            if not db_nsr["_admin"].get("scaling-group"):
                self.update_db_2(
                    "nsrs",
                    nsr_id,
                    {
                        "_admin.scaling-group": [
                            {"name": scaling_group, "nb-scale-op": 0}
                        ]
                    },
                )
                admin_scale_index = 0
            else:
                for admin_scale_index, admin_scale_info in enumerate(
                    db_nsr["_admin"]["scaling-group"]
                ):
                    if admin_scale_info["name"] == scaling_group:
                        nb_scale_op = admin_scale_info.get("nb-scale-op", 0)
                        break
                else:  # not found, set index one plus last element and add new entry with the name
                    admin_scale_index += 1
                    db_nsr_update[
                        "_admin.scaling-group.{}.name".format(admin_scale_index)
                    ] = scaling_group

            vca_scaling_info = []
            scaling_info = {"scaling_group_name": scaling_group, "vdu": [], "kdu": []}
            if scaling_type == "SCALE_OUT":
                if "aspect-delta-details" not in scaling_descriptor:
                    raise LcmException(
                        "Aspect delta details not fount in scaling descriptor {}".format(
                            scaling_descriptor["name"]
                        )
                    )
                # count if max-instance-count is reached
                deltas = scaling_descriptor.get("aspect-delta-details")["deltas"]

                scaling_info["scaling_direction"] = "OUT"
                scaling_info["vdu-create"] = {}
                scaling_info["kdu-create"] = {}
                for delta in deltas:
                    for vdu_delta in delta.get("vdu-delta", {}):
                        vdud = get_vdu(db_vnfd, vdu_delta["id"])
                        # vdu_index also provides the number of instance of the targeted vdu
                        vdu_count = vdu_index = get_vdur_index(db_vnfr, vdu_delta)
                        if vdu_index <= len(db_vnfr["vdur"]):
                            vdu_name_id = db_vnfr["vdur"][vdu_index - 1]["vdu-name"]
                            prom_job_name = (
                                db_vnfr["_id"] + vdu_name_id + str(vdu_index - 1)
                            )
                            prom_job_name = prom_job_name.replace("_", "")
                            prom_job_name = prom_job_name.replace("-", "")
                        else:
                            prom_job_name = None
                        cloud_init_text = self._get_vdu_cloud_init_content(
                            vdud, db_vnfd
                        )
                        if cloud_init_text:
                            additional_params = (
                                self._get_vdu_additional_params(db_vnfr, vdud["id"])
                                or {}
                            )
                        cloud_init_list = []

                        vdu_profile = get_vdu_profile(db_vnfd, vdu_delta["id"])
                        max_instance_count = 10
                        if vdu_profile and "max-number-of-instances" in vdu_profile:
                            max_instance_count = vdu_profile.get(
                                "max-number-of-instances", 10
                            )

                        default_instance_num = get_number_of_instances(
                            db_vnfd, vdud["id"]
                        )
                        instances_number = vdu_delta.get("number-of-instances", 1)
                        nb_scale_op += instances_number

                        new_instance_count = nb_scale_op + default_instance_num
                        # Control if new count is over max and vdu count is less than max.
                        # Then assign new instance count
                        if new_instance_count > max_instance_count > vdu_count:
                            instances_number = new_instance_count - max_instance_count
                        else:
                            instances_number = instances_number

                        if new_instance_count > max_instance_count:
                            raise LcmException(
                                "reached the limit of {} (max-instance-count) "
                                "scaling-out operations for the "
                                "scaling-group-descriptor '{}'".format(
                                    nb_scale_op, scaling_group
                                )
                            )
                        for x in range(vdu_delta.get("number-of-instances", 1)):
                            if cloud_init_text:
                                # TODO Information of its own ip is not available because db_vnfr is not updated.
                                additional_params["OSM"] = get_osm_params(
                                    db_vnfr, vdu_delta["id"], vdu_index + x
                                )
                                cloud_init_list.append(
                                    self._parse_cloud_init(
                                        cloud_init_text,
                                        additional_params,
                                        db_vnfd["id"],
                                        vdud["id"],
                                    )
                                )
                                vca_scaling_info.append(
                                    {
                                        "osm_vdu_id": vdu_delta["id"],
                                        "member-vnf-index": vnf_index,
                                        "type": "create",
                                        "vdu_index": vdu_index + x,
                                    }
                                )
                        scaling_info["vdu-create"][vdu_delta["id"]] = instances_number
                    for kdu_delta in delta.get("kdu-resource-delta", {}):
                        kdu_profile = get_kdu_resource_profile(db_vnfd, kdu_delta["id"])
                        kdu_name = kdu_profile["kdu-name"]
                        resource_name = kdu_profile.get("resource-name", "")

                        # Might have different kdus in the same delta
                        # Should have list for each kdu
                        if not scaling_info["kdu-create"].get(kdu_name, None):
                            scaling_info["kdu-create"][kdu_name] = []

                        kdur = get_kdur(db_vnfr, kdu_name)
                        if kdur.get("helm-chart"):
                            k8s_cluster_type = "helm-chart-v3"
                            self.logger.debug("kdur: {}".format(kdur))
                        elif kdur.get("juju-bundle"):
                            k8s_cluster_type = "juju-bundle"
                        else:
                            raise LcmException(
                                "kdu type for kdu='{}.{}' is neither helm-chart nor "
                                "juju-bundle. Maybe an old NBI version is running".format(
                                    db_vnfr["member-vnf-index-ref"], kdu_name
                                )
                            )

                        max_instance_count = 10
                        if kdu_profile and "max-number-of-instances" in kdu_profile:
                            max_instance_count = kdu_profile.get(
                                "max-number-of-instances", 10
                            )

                        nb_scale_op += kdu_delta.get("number-of-instances", 1)
                        deployed_kdu, _ = get_deployed_kdu(
                            nsr_deployed, kdu_name, vnf_index
                        )
                        if deployed_kdu is None:
                            raise LcmException(
                                "KDU '{}' for vnf '{}' not deployed".format(
                                    kdu_name, vnf_index
                                )
                            )
                        kdu_instance = deployed_kdu.get("kdu-instance")
                        instance_num = await self.k8scluster_map[
                            k8s_cluster_type
                        ].get_scale_count(
                            resource_name,
                            kdu_instance,
                            vca_id=vca_id,
                            cluster_uuid=deployed_kdu.get("k8scluster-uuid"),
                            kdu_model=deployed_kdu.get("kdu-model"),
                        )
                        kdu_replica_count = instance_num + kdu_delta.get(
                            "number-of-instances", 1
                        )

                        # Control if new count is over max and instance_num is less than max.
                        # Then assign max instance number to kdu replica count
                        if kdu_replica_count > max_instance_count > instance_num:
                            kdu_replica_count = max_instance_count
                        if kdu_replica_count > max_instance_count:
                            raise LcmException(
                                "reached the limit of {} (max-instance-count) "
                                "scaling-out operations for the "
                                "scaling-group-descriptor '{}'".format(
                                    instance_num, scaling_group
                                )
                            )

                        for x in range(kdu_delta.get("number-of-instances", 1)):
                            vca_scaling_info.append(
                                {
                                    "osm_kdu_id": kdu_name,
                                    "member-vnf-index": vnf_index,
                                    "type": "create",
                                    "kdu_index": instance_num + x - 1,
                                }
                            )
                        scaling_info["kdu-create"][kdu_name].append(
                            {
                                "member-vnf-index": vnf_index,
                                "type": "create",
                                "k8s-cluster-type": k8s_cluster_type,
                                "resource-name": resource_name,
                                "scale": kdu_replica_count,
                            }
                        )
            elif scaling_type == "SCALE_IN":
                deltas = scaling_descriptor.get("aspect-delta-details")["deltas"]

                scaling_info["scaling_direction"] = "IN"
                scaling_info["vdu-delete"] = {}
                scaling_info["kdu-delete"] = {}

                for delta in deltas:
                    for vdu_delta in delta.get("vdu-delta", {}):
                        vdu_count = vdu_index = get_vdur_index(db_vnfr, vdu_delta)
                        min_instance_count = 0
                        vdu_profile = get_vdu_profile(db_vnfd, vdu_delta["id"])
                        if vdu_profile and "min-number-of-instances" in vdu_profile:
                            min_instance_count = vdu_profile["min-number-of-instances"]

                        default_instance_num = get_number_of_instances(
                            db_vnfd, vdu_delta["id"]
                        )
                        instance_num = vdu_delta.get("number-of-instances", 1)
                        nb_scale_op -= instance_num

                        new_instance_count = nb_scale_op + default_instance_num

                        if new_instance_count < min_instance_count < vdu_count:
                            instances_number = min_instance_count - new_instance_count
                        else:
                            instances_number = instance_num

                        if new_instance_count < min_instance_count:
                            raise LcmException(
                                "reached the limit of {} (min-instance-count) scaling-in operations for the "
                                "scaling-group-descriptor '{}'".format(
                                    nb_scale_op, scaling_group
                                )
                            )
                        for x in range(vdu_delta.get("number-of-instances", 1)):
                            vca_scaling_info.append(
                                {
                                    "osm_vdu_id": vdu_delta["id"],
                                    "member-vnf-index": vnf_index,
                                    "type": "delete",
                                    "vdu_index": vdu_index - 1 - x,
                                }
                            )
                        scaling_info["vdu-delete"][vdu_delta["id"]] = instances_number
                    for kdu_delta in delta.get("kdu-resource-delta", {}):
                        kdu_profile = get_kdu_resource_profile(db_vnfd, kdu_delta["id"])
                        kdu_name = kdu_profile["kdu-name"]
                        resource_name = kdu_profile.get("resource-name", "")

                        if not scaling_info["kdu-delete"].get(kdu_name, None):
                            scaling_info["kdu-delete"][kdu_name] = []

                        kdur = get_kdur(db_vnfr, kdu_name)
                        if kdur.get("helm-chart"):
                            k8s_cluster_type = "helm-chart-v3"
                            self.logger.debug("kdur: {}".format(kdur))
                        elif kdur.get("juju-bundle"):
                            k8s_cluster_type = "juju-bundle"
                        else:
                            raise LcmException(
                                "kdu type for kdu='{}.{}' is neither helm-chart nor "
                                "juju-bundle. Maybe an old NBI version is running".format(
                                    db_vnfr["member-vnf-index-ref"], kdur["kdu-name"]
                                )
                            )

                        min_instance_count = 0
                        if kdu_profile and "min-number-of-instances" in kdu_profile:
                            min_instance_count = kdu_profile["min-number-of-instances"]

                        nb_scale_op -= kdu_delta.get("number-of-instances", 1)
                        deployed_kdu, _ = get_deployed_kdu(
                            nsr_deployed, kdu_name, vnf_index
                        )
                        if deployed_kdu is None:
                            raise LcmException(
                                "KDU '{}' for vnf '{}' not deployed".format(
                                    kdu_name, vnf_index
                                )
                            )
                        kdu_instance = deployed_kdu.get("kdu-instance")
                        instance_num = await self.k8scluster_map[
                            k8s_cluster_type
                        ].get_scale_count(
                            resource_name,
                            kdu_instance,
                            vca_id=vca_id,
                            cluster_uuid=deployed_kdu.get("k8scluster-uuid"),
                            kdu_model=deployed_kdu.get("kdu-model"),
                        )
                        kdu_replica_count = instance_num - kdu_delta.get(
                            "number-of-instances", 1
                        )

                        if kdu_replica_count < min_instance_count < instance_num:
                            kdu_replica_count = min_instance_count
                        if kdu_replica_count < min_instance_count:
                            raise LcmException(
                                "reached the limit of {} (min-instance-count) scaling-in operations for the "
                                "scaling-group-descriptor '{}'".format(
                                    instance_num, scaling_group
                                )
                            )

                        for x in range(kdu_delta.get("number-of-instances", 1)):
                            vca_scaling_info.append(
                                {
                                    "osm_kdu_id": kdu_name,
                                    "member-vnf-index": vnf_index,
                                    "type": "delete",
                                    "kdu_index": instance_num - x - 1,
                                }
                            )
                        scaling_info["kdu-delete"][kdu_name].append(
                            {
                                "member-vnf-index": vnf_index,
                                "type": "delete",
                                "k8s-cluster-type": k8s_cluster_type,
                                "resource-name": resource_name,
                                "scale": kdu_replica_count,
                            }
                        )

            # update VDU_SCALING_INFO with the VDUs to delete ip_addresses
            vdu_delete = copy(scaling_info.get("vdu-delete"))
            if scaling_info["scaling_direction"] == "IN":
                for vdur in reversed(db_vnfr["vdur"]):
                    if vdu_delete.get(vdur["vdu-id-ref"]):
                        vdu_delete[vdur["vdu-id-ref"]] -= 1
                        scaling_info["vdu"].append(
                            {
                                "name": vdur.get("name") or vdur.get("vdu-name"),
                                "vdu_id": vdur["vdu-id-ref"],
                                "interface": [],
                            }
                        )
                        for interface in vdur["interfaces"]:
                            scaling_info["vdu"][-1]["interface"].append(
                                {
                                    "name": interface["name"],
                                    "ip_address": interface["ip-address"],
                                    "mac_address": interface.get("mac-address"),
                                }
                            )
                # vdu_delete = vdu_scaling_info.pop("vdu-delete")

            # PRE-SCALE BEGIN
            step = "Executing pre-scale vnf-config-primitive"
            if scaling_descriptor.get("scaling-config-action"):
                for scaling_config_action in scaling_descriptor[
                    "scaling-config-action"
                ]:
                    if (
                        scaling_config_action.get("trigger") == "pre-scale-in"
                        and scaling_type == "SCALE_IN"
                    ) or (
                        scaling_config_action.get("trigger") == "pre-scale-out"
                        and scaling_type == "SCALE_OUT"
                    ):
                        vnf_config_primitive = scaling_config_action[
                            "vnf-config-primitive-name-ref"
                        ]
                        step = db_nslcmop_update[
                            "detailed-status"
                        ] = "executing pre-scale scaling-config-action '{}'".format(
                            vnf_config_primitive
                        )

                        # look for primitive
                        for config_primitive in (
                            get_configuration(db_vnfd, db_vnfd["id"]) or {}
                        ).get("config-primitive", ()):
                            if config_primitive["name"] == vnf_config_primitive:
                                break
                        else:
                            raise LcmException(
                                "Invalid vnfd descriptor at scaling-group-descriptor[name='{}']:scaling-config-action"
                                "[vnf-config-primitive-name-ref='{}'] does not match any vnf-configuration:config-"
                                "primitive".format(scaling_group, vnf_config_primitive)
                            )

                        vnfr_params = {"VDU_SCALE_INFO": scaling_info}
                        if db_vnfr.get("additionalParamsForVnf"):
                            vnfr_params.update(db_vnfr["additionalParamsForVnf"])

                        scale_process = "VCA"
                        db_nsr_update["config-status"] = "configuring pre-scaling"
                        primitive_params = self._map_primitive_params(
                            config_primitive, {}, vnfr_params
                        )

                        # Pre-scale retry check: Check if this sub-operation has been executed before
                        op_index = self._check_or_add_scale_suboperation(
                            db_nslcmop,
                            vnf_index,
                            vnf_config_primitive,
                            primitive_params,
                            "PRE-SCALE",
                        )
                        if op_index == self.SUBOPERATION_STATUS_SKIP:
                            # Skip sub-operation
                            result = "COMPLETED"
                            result_detail = "Done"
                            self.logger.debug(
                                logging_text
                                + "vnf_config_primitive={} Skipped sub-operation, result {} {}".format(
                                    vnf_config_primitive, result, result_detail
                                )
                            )
                        else:
                            if op_index == self.SUBOPERATION_STATUS_NEW:
                                # New sub-operation: Get index of this sub-operation
                                op_index = (
                                    len(db_nslcmop.get("_admin", {}).get("operations"))
                                    - 1
                                )
                                self.logger.debug(
                                    logging_text
                                    + "vnf_config_primitive={} New sub-operation".format(
                                        vnf_config_primitive
                                    )
                                )
                            else:
                                # retry:  Get registered params for this existing sub-operation
                                op = db_nslcmop.get("_admin", {}).get("operations", [])[
                                    op_index
                                ]
                                vnf_index = op.get("member_vnf_index")
                                vnf_config_primitive = op.get("primitive")
                                primitive_params = op.get("primitive_params")
                                self.logger.debug(
                                    logging_text
                                    + "vnf_config_primitive={} Sub-operation retry".format(
                                        vnf_config_primitive
                                    )
                                )
                            # Execute the primitive, either with new (first-time) or registered (reintent) args
                            ee_descriptor_id = config_primitive.get(
                                "execution-environment-ref"
                            )
                            primitive_name = config_primitive.get(
                                "execution-environment-primitive", vnf_config_primitive
                            )
                            ee_id, vca_type = self._look_for_deployed_vca(
                                nsr_deployed["VCA"],
                                member_vnf_index=vnf_index,
                                vdu_id=None,
                                vdu_count_index=None,
                                ee_descriptor_id=ee_descriptor_id,
                            )
                            result, result_detail = await self._ns_execute_primitive(
                                ee_id,
                                primitive_name,
                                primitive_params,
                                vca_type=vca_type,
                                vca_id=vca_id,
                            )
                            self.logger.debug(
                                logging_text
                                + "vnf_config_primitive={} Done with result {} {}".format(
                                    vnf_config_primitive, result, result_detail
                                )
                            )
                            # Update operationState = COMPLETED | FAILED
                            self._update_suboperation_status(
                                db_nslcmop, op_index, result, result_detail
                            )

                        if result == "FAILED":
                            raise LcmException(result_detail)
                        db_nsr_update["config-status"] = old_config_status
                        scale_process = None
            # PRE-SCALE END

            db_nsr_update[
                "_admin.scaling-group.{}.nb-scale-op".format(admin_scale_index)
            ] = nb_scale_op
            db_nsr_update[
                "_admin.scaling-group.{}.time".format(admin_scale_index)
            ] = time()

            # SCALE-IN VCA - BEGIN
            if vca_scaling_info:
                step = db_nslcmop_update[
                    "detailed-status"
                ] = "Deleting the execution environments"
                scale_process = "VCA"
                for vca_info in vca_scaling_info:
                    if vca_info["type"] == "delete" and not vca_info.get("osm_kdu_id"):
                        member_vnf_index = str(vca_info["member-vnf-index"])
                        self.logger.debug(
                            logging_text + "vdu info: {}".format(vca_info)
                        )
                        if vca_info.get("osm_vdu_id"):
                            vdu_id = vca_info["osm_vdu_id"]
                            vdu_index = int(vca_info["vdu_index"])
                            stage[
                                1
                            ] = "Scaling member_vnf_index={}, vdu_id={}, vdu_index={} ".format(
                                member_vnf_index, vdu_id, vdu_index
                            )
                        stage[2] = step = "Scaling in VCA"
                        self._write_op_status(op_id=nslcmop_id, stage=stage)
                        vca_update = db_nsr["_admin"]["deployed"]["VCA"]
                        config_update = db_nsr["configurationStatus"]
                        for vca_index, vca in enumerate(vca_update):
                            if (
                                (vca or vca.get("ee_id"))
                                and vca["member-vnf-index"] == member_vnf_index
                                and vca["vdu_count_index"] == vdu_index
                            ):
                                if vca.get("vdu_id"):
                                    config_descriptor = get_configuration(
                                        db_vnfd, vca.get("vdu_id")
                                    )
                                elif vca.get("kdu_name"):
                                    config_descriptor = get_configuration(
                                        db_vnfd, vca.get("kdu_name")
                                    )
                                else:
                                    config_descriptor = get_configuration(
                                        db_vnfd, db_vnfd["id"]
                                    )
                                operation_params = (
                                    db_nslcmop.get("operationParams") or {}
                                )
                                exec_terminate_primitives = not operation_params.get(
                                    "skip_terminate_primitives"
                                ) and vca.get("needed_terminate")
                                task = asyncio.ensure_future(
                                    asyncio.wait_for(
                                        self.destroy_N2VC(
                                            logging_text,
                                            db_nslcmop,
                                            vca,
                                            config_descriptor,
                                            vca_index,
                                            destroy_ee=True,
                                            exec_primitives=exec_terminate_primitives,
                                            scaling_in=True,
                                            vca_id=vca_id,
                                        ),
                                        timeout=self.timeout.charm_delete,
                                    )
                                )
                                tasks_dict_info[task] = "Terminating VCA {}".format(
                                    vca.get("ee_id")
                                )
                                del vca_update[vca_index]
                                del config_update[vca_index]
                        # wait for pending tasks of terminate primitives
                        if tasks_dict_info:
                            self.logger.debug(
                                logging_text
                                + "Waiting for tasks {}".format(
                                    list(tasks_dict_info.keys())
                                )
                            )
                            error_list = await self._wait_for_tasks(
                                logging_text,
                                tasks_dict_info,
                                min(
                                    self.timeout.charm_delete, self.timeout.ns_terminate
                                ),
                                stage,
                                nslcmop_id,
                            )
                            tasks_dict_info.clear()
                            if error_list:
                                raise LcmException("; ".join(error_list))

                        db_vca_and_config_update = {
                            "_admin.deployed.VCA": vca_update,
                            "configurationStatus": config_update,
                        }
                        self.update_db_2(
                            "nsrs", db_nsr["_id"], db_vca_and_config_update
                        )
            scale_process = None
            # SCALE-IN VCA - END

            # SCALE RO - BEGIN
            if scaling_info.get("vdu-create") or scaling_info.get("vdu-delete"):
                scale_process = "RO"
                if self.ro_config.ng:
                    await self._scale_ng_ro(
                        logging_text, db_nsr, db_nslcmop, db_vnfr, scaling_info, stage
                    )
            scaling_info.pop("vdu-create", None)
            scaling_info.pop("vdu-delete", None)

            scale_process = None
            # SCALE RO - END

            # SCALE KDU - BEGIN
            if scaling_info.get("kdu-create") or scaling_info.get("kdu-delete"):
                scale_process = "KDU"
                await self._scale_kdu(
                    logging_text, nsr_id, nsr_deployed, db_vnfd, vca_id, scaling_info
                )
            scaling_info.pop("kdu-create", None)
            scaling_info.pop("kdu-delete", None)

            scale_process = None
            # SCALE KDU - END

            if db_nsr_update:
                self.update_db_2("nsrs", nsr_id, db_nsr_update)

            # SCALE-UP VCA - BEGIN
            if vca_scaling_info:
                step = db_nslcmop_update[
                    "detailed-status"
                ] = "Creating new execution environments"
                scale_process = "VCA"
                for vca_info in vca_scaling_info:
                    if vca_info["type"] == "create" and not vca_info.get("osm_kdu_id"):
                        member_vnf_index = str(vca_info["member-vnf-index"])
                        self.logger.debug(
                            logging_text + "vdu info: {}".format(vca_info)
                        )
                        vnfd_id = db_vnfr["vnfd-ref"]
                        if vca_info.get("osm_vdu_id"):
                            vdu_index = int(vca_info["vdu_index"])
                            deploy_params = {"OSM": get_osm_params(db_vnfr)}
                            if db_vnfr.get("additionalParamsForVnf"):
                                deploy_params.update(
                                    parse_yaml_strings(
                                        db_vnfr["additionalParamsForVnf"].copy()
                                    )
                                )
                            descriptor_config = get_configuration(
                                db_vnfd, db_vnfd["id"]
                            )
                            if descriptor_config:
                                vdu_id = None
                                vdu_name = None
                                kdu_name = None
                                kdu_index = None
                                self._deploy_n2vc(
                                    logging_text=logging_text
                                    + "member_vnf_index={} ".format(member_vnf_index),
                                    db_nsr=db_nsr,
                                    db_vnfr=db_vnfr,
                                    nslcmop_id=nslcmop_id,
                                    nsr_id=nsr_id,
                                    nsi_id=nsi_id,
                                    vnfd_id=vnfd_id,
                                    vdu_id=vdu_id,
                                    kdu_name=kdu_name,
                                    kdu_index=kdu_index,
                                    member_vnf_index=member_vnf_index,
                                    vdu_index=vdu_index,
                                    vdu_name=vdu_name,
                                    deploy_params=deploy_params,
                                    descriptor_config=descriptor_config,
                                    base_folder=base_folder,
                                    task_instantiation_info=tasks_dict_info,
                                    stage=stage,
                                )
                            vdu_id = vca_info["osm_vdu_id"]
                            vdur = find_in_list(
                                db_vnfr["vdur"], lambda vdu: vdu["vdu-id-ref"] == vdu_id
                            )
                            descriptor_config = get_configuration(db_vnfd, vdu_id)
                            if vdur.get("additionalParams"):
                                deploy_params_vdu = parse_yaml_strings(
                                    vdur["additionalParams"]
                                )
                            else:
                                deploy_params_vdu = deploy_params
                            deploy_params_vdu["OSM"] = get_osm_params(
                                db_vnfr, vdu_id, vdu_count_index=vdu_index
                            )
                            if descriptor_config:
                                vdu_name = None
                                kdu_name = None
                                kdu_index = None
                                stage[
                                    1
                                ] = "Scaling member_vnf_index={}, vdu_id={}, vdu_index={} ".format(
                                    member_vnf_index, vdu_id, vdu_index
                                )
                                stage[2] = step = "Scaling out VCA"
                                self._write_op_status(op_id=nslcmop_id, stage=stage)
                                self._deploy_n2vc(
                                    logging_text=logging_text
                                    + "member_vnf_index={}, vdu_id={}, vdu_index={} ".format(
                                        member_vnf_index, vdu_id, vdu_index
                                    ),
                                    db_nsr=db_nsr,
                                    db_vnfr=db_vnfr,
                                    nslcmop_id=nslcmop_id,
                                    nsr_id=nsr_id,
                                    nsi_id=nsi_id,
                                    vnfd_id=vnfd_id,
                                    vdu_id=vdu_id,
                                    kdu_name=kdu_name,
                                    member_vnf_index=member_vnf_index,
                                    vdu_index=vdu_index,
                                    kdu_index=kdu_index,
                                    vdu_name=vdu_name,
                                    deploy_params=deploy_params_vdu,
                                    descriptor_config=descriptor_config,
                                    base_folder=base_folder,
                                    task_instantiation_info=tasks_dict_info,
                                    stage=stage,
                                )
            # SCALE-UP VCA - END
            scale_process = None

            # POST-SCALE BEGIN
            # execute primitive service POST-SCALING
            step = "Executing post-scale vnf-config-primitive"
            if scaling_descriptor.get("scaling-config-action"):
                for scaling_config_action in scaling_descriptor[
                    "scaling-config-action"
                ]:
                    if (
                        scaling_config_action.get("trigger") == "post-scale-in"
                        and scaling_type == "SCALE_IN"
                    ) or (
                        scaling_config_action.get("trigger") == "post-scale-out"
                        and scaling_type == "SCALE_OUT"
                    ):
                        vnf_config_primitive = scaling_config_action[
                            "vnf-config-primitive-name-ref"
                        ]
                        step = db_nslcmop_update[
                            "detailed-status"
                        ] = "executing post-scale scaling-config-action '{}'".format(
                            vnf_config_primitive
                        )

                        vnfr_params = {"VDU_SCALE_INFO": scaling_info}
                        if db_vnfr.get("additionalParamsForVnf"):
                            vnfr_params.update(db_vnfr["additionalParamsForVnf"])

                        # look for primitive
                        for config_primitive in (
                            get_configuration(db_vnfd, db_vnfd["id"]) or {}
                        ).get("config-primitive", ()):
                            if config_primitive["name"] == vnf_config_primitive:
                                break
                        else:
                            raise LcmException(
                                "Invalid vnfd descriptor at scaling-group-descriptor[name='{}']:scaling-config-"
                                "action[vnf-config-primitive-name-ref='{}'] does not match any vnf-configuration:"
                                "config-primitive".format(
                                    scaling_group, vnf_config_primitive
                                )
                            )
                        scale_process = "VCA"
                        db_nsr_update["config-status"] = "configuring post-scaling"
                        primitive_params = self._map_primitive_params(
                            config_primitive, {}, vnfr_params
                        )

                        # Post-scale retry check: Check if this sub-operation has been executed before
                        op_index = self._check_or_add_scale_suboperation(
                            db_nslcmop,
                            vnf_index,
                            vnf_config_primitive,
                            primitive_params,
                            "POST-SCALE",
                        )
                        if op_index == self.SUBOPERATION_STATUS_SKIP:
                            # Skip sub-operation
                            result = "COMPLETED"
                            result_detail = "Done"
                            self.logger.debug(
                                logging_text
                                + "vnf_config_primitive={} Skipped sub-operation, result {} {}".format(
                                    vnf_config_primitive, result, result_detail
                                )
                            )
                        else:
                            if op_index == self.SUBOPERATION_STATUS_NEW:
                                # New sub-operation: Get index of this sub-operation
                                op_index = (
                                    len(db_nslcmop.get("_admin", {}).get("operations"))
                                    - 1
                                )
                                self.logger.debug(
                                    logging_text
                                    + "vnf_config_primitive={} New sub-operation".format(
                                        vnf_config_primitive
                                    )
                                )
                            else:
                                # retry:  Get registered params for this existing sub-operation
                                op = db_nslcmop.get("_admin", {}).get("operations", [])[
                                    op_index
                                ]
                                vnf_index = op.get("member_vnf_index")
                                vnf_config_primitive = op.get("primitive")
                                primitive_params = op.get("primitive_params")
                                self.logger.debug(
                                    logging_text
                                    + "vnf_config_primitive={} Sub-operation retry".format(
                                        vnf_config_primitive
                                    )
                                )
                            # Execute the primitive, either with new (first-time) or registered (reintent) args
                            ee_descriptor_id = config_primitive.get(
                                "execution-environment-ref"
                            )
                            primitive_name = config_primitive.get(
                                "execution-environment-primitive", vnf_config_primitive
                            )
                            ee_id, vca_type = self._look_for_deployed_vca(
                                nsr_deployed["VCA"],
                                member_vnf_index=vnf_index,
                                vdu_id=None,
                                vdu_count_index=None,
                                ee_descriptor_id=ee_descriptor_id,
                            )
                            result, result_detail = await self._ns_execute_primitive(
                                ee_id,
                                primitive_name,
                                primitive_params,
                                vca_type=vca_type,
                                vca_id=vca_id,
                            )
                            self.logger.debug(
                                logging_text
                                + "vnf_config_primitive={} Done with result {} {}".format(
                                    vnf_config_primitive, result, result_detail
                                )
                            )
                            # Update operationState = COMPLETED | FAILED
                            self._update_suboperation_status(
                                db_nslcmop, op_index, result, result_detail
                            )

                        if result == "FAILED":
                            raise LcmException(result_detail)
                        db_nsr_update["config-status"] = old_config_status
                        scale_process = None
            # POST-SCALE END
            # Check if each vnf has exporter for metric collection if so update prometheus job records
            if scaling_type == "SCALE_OUT":
                if "exporters-endpoints" in db_vnfd.get("df")[0]:
                    vnfr_id = db_vnfr["id"]
                    db_vnfr = self.db.get_one("vnfrs", {"_id": vnfr_id})
                    exporter_config = db_vnfd.get("df")[0].get("exporters-endpoints")
                    self.logger.debug("exporter config :{}".format(exporter_config))
                    artifact_path = "{}/{}/{}".format(
                        base_folder["folder"],
                        base_folder["pkg-dir"],
                        "exporter-endpoint",
                    )
                    ee_id = None
                    ee_config_descriptor = exporter_config
                    rw_mgmt_ip = await self.wait_vm_up_insert_key_ro(
                        logging_text,
                        nsr_id,
                        vnfr_id,
                        vdu_id=db_vnfr["vdur"][-1]["vdu-id-ref"],
                        vdu_index=db_vnfr["vdur"][-1]["count-index"],
                        user=None,
                        pub_key=None,
                    )
                    self.logger.debug("rw_mgmt_ip:{}".format(rw_mgmt_ip))
                    self.logger.debug("Artifact_path:{}".format(artifact_path))
                    vdu_id_for_prom = None
                    vdu_index_for_prom = None
                    for x in get_iterable(db_vnfr, "vdur"):
                        vdu_id_for_prom = x.get("vdu-id-ref")
                        vdu_index_for_prom = x.get("count-index")
                    vnfr_id = vnfr_id + vdu_id + str(vdu_index)
                    vnfr_id = vnfr_id.replace("_", "")
                    prometheus_jobs = await self.extract_prometheus_scrape_jobs(
                        ee_id=ee_id,
                        artifact_path=artifact_path,
                        ee_config_descriptor=ee_config_descriptor,
                        vnfr_id=vnfr_id,
                        nsr_id=nsr_id,
                        target_ip=rw_mgmt_ip,
                        element_type="VDU",
                        vdu_id=vdu_id_for_prom,
                        vdu_index=vdu_index_for_prom,
                    )

                    self.logger.debug("Prometheus job:{}".format(prometheus_jobs))
                    if prometheus_jobs:
                        db_nsr_update[
                            "_admin.deployed.prometheus_jobs"
                        ] = prometheus_jobs
                        self.update_db_2(
                            "nsrs",
                            nsr_id,
                            db_nsr_update,
                        )

                        for job in prometheus_jobs:
                            self.db.set_one(
                                "prometheus_jobs",
                                {"job_name": ""},
                                job,
                                upsert=True,
                                fail_on_empty=False,
                            )
            db_nsr_update[
                "detailed-status"
            ] = ""  # "scaled {} {}".format(scaling_group, scaling_type)
            db_nsr_update["operational-status"] = (
                "running"
                if old_operational_status == "failed"
                else old_operational_status
            )
            db_nsr_update["config-status"] = old_config_status
            return
        except (
            ROclient.ROClientException,
            DbException,
            LcmException,
            NgRoException,
        ) as e:
            self.logger.error(logging_text + "Exit Exception {}".format(e))
            exc = e
        except asyncio.CancelledError:
            self.logger.error(
                logging_text + "Cancelled Exception while '{}'".format(step)
            )
            exc = "Operation was cancelled"
        except Exception as e:
            exc = traceback.format_exc()
            self.logger.critical(
                logging_text + "Exit Exception {} {}".format(type(e).__name__, e),
                exc_info=True,
            )
        finally:
            error_list = list()
            if exc:
                error_list.append(str(exc))
            self._write_ns_status(
                nsr_id=nsr_id,
                ns_state=None,
                current_operation="IDLE",
                current_operation_id=None,
            )
            try:
                if tasks_dict_info:
                    stage[1] = "Waiting for instantiate pending tasks."
                    self.logger.debug(logging_text + stage[1])
                    exc = await self._wait_for_tasks(
                        logging_text,
                        tasks_dict_info,
                        self.timeout.ns_deploy,
                        stage,
                        nslcmop_id,
                        nsr_id=nsr_id,
                    )
            except asyncio.CancelledError:
                error_list.append("Cancelled")
                await self._cancel_pending_tasks(logging_text, tasks_dict_info)
                await self._wait_for_tasks(
                    logging_text,
                    tasks_dict_info,
                    self.timeout.ns_deploy,
                    stage,
                    nslcmop_id,
                    nsr_id=nsr_id,
                )
            if error_list:
                error_detail = "; ".join(error_list)
                db_nslcmop_update[
                    "detailed-status"
                ] = error_description_nslcmop = "FAILED {}: {}".format(
                    step, error_detail
                )
                nslcmop_operation_state = "FAILED"
                if db_nsr:
                    db_nsr_update["operational-status"] = old_operational_status
                    db_nsr_update["config-status"] = old_config_status
                    db_nsr_update["detailed-status"] = ""
                    if scale_process:
                        if "VCA" in scale_process:
                            db_nsr_update["config-status"] = "failed"
                        if "RO" in scale_process:
                            db_nsr_update["operational-status"] = "failed"
                        db_nsr_update[
                            "detailed-status"
                        ] = "FAILED scaling nslcmop={} {}: {}".format(
                            nslcmop_id, step, error_detail
                        )
            else:
                error_description_nslcmop = None
                nslcmop_operation_state = "COMPLETED"
                db_nslcmop_update["detailed-status"] = "Done"
                if scaling_type == "SCALE_IN" and prom_job_name is not None:
                    self.db.del_one(
                        "prometheus_jobs",
                        {"job_name": prom_job_name},
                        fail_on_empty=False,
                    )

            self._write_op_status(
                op_id=nslcmop_id,
                stage="",
                error_message=error_description_nslcmop,
                operation_state=nslcmop_operation_state,
                other_update=db_nslcmop_update,
            )
            if db_nsr:
                self._write_ns_status(
                    nsr_id=nsr_id,
                    ns_state=None,
                    current_operation="IDLE",
                    current_operation_id=None,
                    other_update=db_nsr_update,
                )

            if nslcmop_operation_state:
                try:
                    msg = {
                        "nsr_id": nsr_id,
                        "nslcmop_id": nslcmop_id,
                        "operationState": nslcmop_operation_state,
                    }
                    await self.msg.aiowrite("ns", "scaled", msg)
                except Exception as e:
                    self.logger.error(
                        logging_text + "kafka_write notification Exception {}".format(e)
                    )
            self.logger.debug(logging_text + "Exit")
            self.lcm_tasks.remove("ns", nsr_id, nslcmop_id, "ns_scale")

    async def _scale_kdu(
        self, logging_text, nsr_id, nsr_deployed, db_vnfd, vca_id, scaling_info
    ):
        _scaling_info = scaling_info.get("kdu-create") or scaling_info.get("kdu-delete")
        for kdu_name in _scaling_info:
            for kdu_scaling_info in _scaling_info[kdu_name]:
                deployed_kdu, index = get_deployed_kdu(
                    nsr_deployed, kdu_name, kdu_scaling_info["member-vnf-index"]
                )
                cluster_uuid = deployed_kdu["k8scluster-uuid"]
                kdu_instance = deployed_kdu["kdu-instance"]
                kdu_model = deployed_kdu.get("kdu-model")
                scale = int(kdu_scaling_info["scale"])
                k8s_cluster_type = kdu_scaling_info["k8s-cluster-type"]

                db_dict = {
                    "collection": "nsrs",
                    "filter": {"_id": nsr_id},
                    "path": "_admin.deployed.K8s.{}".format(index),
                }

                step = "scaling application {}".format(
                    kdu_scaling_info["resource-name"]
                )
                self.logger.debug(logging_text + step)

                if kdu_scaling_info["type"] == "delete":
                    kdu_config = get_configuration(db_vnfd, kdu_name)
                    if (
                        kdu_config
                        and kdu_config.get("terminate-config-primitive")
                        and get_juju_ee_ref(db_vnfd, kdu_name) is None
                    ):
                        terminate_config_primitive_list = kdu_config.get(
                            "terminate-config-primitive"
                        )
                        terminate_config_primitive_list.sort(
                            key=lambda val: int(val["seq"])
                        )

                        for (
                            terminate_config_primitive
                        ) in terminate_config_primitive_list:
                            primitive_params_ = self._map_primitive_params(
                                terminate_config_primitive, {}, {}
                            )
                            step = "execute terminate config primitive"
                            self.logger.debug(logging_text + step)
                            await asyncio.wait_for(
                                self.k8scluster_map[k8s_cluster_type].exec_primitive(
                                    cluster_uuid=cluster_uuid,
                                    kdu_instance=kdu_instance,
                                    primitive_name=terminate_config_primitive["name"],
                                    params=primitive_params_,
                                    db_dict=db_dict,
                                    total_timeout=self.timeout.primitive,
                                    vca_id=vca_id,
                                ),
                                timeout=self.timeout.primitive
                                * self.timeout.primitive_outer_factor,
                            )

                await asyncio.wait_for(
                    self.k8scluster_map[k8s_cluster_type].scale(
                        kdu_instance=kdu_instance,
                        scale=scale,
                        resource_name=kdu_scaling_info["resource-name"],
                        total_timeout=self.timeout.scale_on_error,
                        vca_id=vca_id,
                        cluster_uuid=cluster_uuid,
                        kdu_model=kdu_model,
                        atomic=True,
                        db_dict=db_dict,
                    ),
                    timeout=self.timeout.scale_on_error
                    * self.timeout.scale_on_error_outer_factor,
                )

                if kdu_scaling_info["type"] == "create":
                    kdu_config = get_configuration(db_vnfd, kdu_name)
                    if (
                        kdu_config
                        and kdu_config.get("initial-config-primitive")
                        and get_juju_ee_ref(db_vnfd, kdu_name) is None
                    ):
                        initial_config_primitive_list = kdu_config.get(
                            "initial-config-primitive"
                        )
                        initial_config_primitive_list.sort(
                            key=lambda val: int(val["seq"])
                        )

                        for initial_config_primitive in initial_config_primitive_list:
                            primitive_params_ = self._map_primitive_params(
                                initial_config_primitive, {}, {}
                            )
                            step = "execute initial config primitive"
                            self.logger.debug(logging_text + step)
                            await asyncio.wait_for(
                                self.k8scluster_map[k8s_cluster_type].exec_primitive(
                                    cluster_uuid=cluster_uuid,
                                    kdu_instance=kdu_instance,
                                    primitive_name=initial_config_primitive["name"],
                                    params=primitive_params_,
                                    db_dict=db_dict,
                                    vca_id=vca_id,
                                ),
                                timeout=600,
                            )

    async def _scale_ng_ro(
        self, logging_text, db_nsr, db_nslcmop, db_vnfr, vdu_scaling_info, stage
    ):
        nsr_id = db_nslcmop["nsInstanceId"]
        db_nsd = self.db.get_one("nsds", {"_id": db_nsr["nsd-id"]})
        db_vnfrs = {}

        # read from db: vnfd's for every vnf
        db_vnfds = []

        # for each vnf in ns, read vnfd
        for vnfr in self.db.get_list("vnfrs", {"nsr-id-ref": nsr_id}):
            db_vnfrs[vnfr["member-vnf-index-ref"]] = vnfr
            vnfd_id = vnfr["vnfd-id"]  # vnfd uuid for this vnf
            # if we haven't this vnfd, read it from db
            if not find_in_list(db_vnfds, lambda a_vnfd: a_vnfd["id"] == vnfd_id):
                # read from db
                vnfd = self.db.get_one("vnfds", {"_id": vnfd_id})
                db_vnfds.append(vnfd)
        n2vc_key = self.n2vc.get_public_key()
        n2vc_key_list = [n2vc_key]
        self.scale_vnfr(
            db_vnfr,
            vdu_scaling_info.get("vdu-create"),
            vdu_scaling_info.get("vdu-delete"),
            mark_delete=True,
        )
        # db_vnfr has been updated, update db_vnfrs to use it
        db_vnfrs[db_vnfr["member-vnf-index-ref"]] = db_vnfr
        await self._instantiate_ng_ro(
            logging_text,
            nsr_id,
            db_nsd,
            db_nsr,
            db_nslcmop,
            db_vnfrs,
            db_vnfds,
            n2vc_key_list,
            stage=stage,
            start_deploy=time(),
            timeout_ns_deploy=self.timeout.ns_deploy,
        )
        if vdu_scaling_info.get("vdu-delete"):
            self.scale_vnfr(
                db_vnfr, None, vdu_scaling_info["vdu-delete"], mark_delete=False
            )

    async def extract_prometheus_scrape_jobs(
        self,
        ee_id: str,
        artifact_path: str,
        ee_config_descriptor: dict,
        vnfr_id: str,
        nsr_id: str,
        target_ip: str,
        element_type: str,
        vnf_member_index: str = "",
        vdu_id: str = "",
        vdu_index: int = None,
        kdu_name: str = "",
        kdu_index: int = None,
    ) -> dict:
        """Method to extract prometheus scrape jobs from EE's Prometheus template job file
            This method will wait until the corresponding VDU or KDU is fully instantiated

        Args:
            ee_id (str): Execution Environment ID
            artifact_path (str): Path where the EE's content is (including the Prometheus template file)
            ee_config_descriptor (dict): Execution Environment's configuration descriptor
            vnfr_id (str): VNFR ID where this EE applies
            nsr_id (str): NSR ID where this EE applies
            target_ip (str): VDU/KDU instance IP address
            element_type (str): NS or VNF or VDU or KDU
            vnf_member_index (str, optional): VNF index where this EE applies. Defaults to "".
            vdu_id (str, optional): VDU ID where this EE applies. Defaults to "".
            vdu_index (int, optional): VDU index where this EE applies. Defaults to None.
            kdu_name (str, optional): KDU name where this EE applies. Defaults to "".
            kdu_index (int, optional): KDU index where this EE applies. Defaults to None.

        Raises:
            LcmException: When the VDU or KDU instance was not found in an hour

        Returns:
            _type_: Prometheus jobs
        """
        # default the vdur and kdur names to an empty string, to avoid any later
        # problem with Prometheus when the element type is not VDU or KDU
        vdur_name = ""
        kdur_name = ""

        # look if exist a file called 'prometheus*.j2' and
        artifact_content = self.fs.dir_ls(artifact_path)
        job_file = next(
            (
                f
                for f in artifact_content
                if f.startswith("prometheus") and f.endswith(".j2")
            ),
            None,
        )
        if not job_file:
            return
        self.logger.debug("Artifact path{}".format(artifact_path))
        self.logger.debug("job file{}".format(job_file))
        with self.fs.file_open((artifact_path, job_file), "r") as f:
            job_data = f.read()

        # obtain the VDUR or KDUR, if the element type is VDU or KDU
        if element_type in ("VDU", "KDU"):
            for _ in range(360):
                db_vnfr = self.db.get_one("vnfrs", {"_id": vnfr_id})
                if vdu_id and vdu_index is not None:
                    vdur = next(
                        (
                            x
                            for x in get_iterable(db_vnfr, "vdur")
                            if (
                                x.get("vdu-id-ref") == vdu_id
                                and x.get("count-index") == vdu_index
                            )
                        ),
                        {},
                    )
                    if vdur.get("name"):
                        vdur_name = vdur.get("name")
                        break
                if kdu_name and kdu_index is not None:
                    kdur = next(
                        (
                            x
                            for x in get_iterable(db_vnfr, "kdur")
                            if (
                                x.get("kdu-name") == kdu_name
                                and x.get("count-index") == kdu_index
                            )
                        ),
                        {},
                    )
                    if kdur.get("name"):
                        kdur_name = kdur.get("name")
                        break

                await asyncio.sleep(10)
            else:
                if vdu_id and vdu_index is not None:
                    raise LcmException(
                        f"Timeout waiting VDU with name={vdu_id} and index={vdu_index} to be intantiated"
                    )
                if kdu_name and kdu_index is not None:
                    raise LcmException(
                        f"Timeout waiting KDU with name={kdu_name} and index={kdu_index} to be intantiated"
                    )

        if ee_id is not None:
            _, namespace, helm_id = get_ee_id_parts(
                ee_id
            )  # get namespace and EE gRPC service name
            host_name = f'{helm_id}-{ee_config_descriptor["metric-service"]}.{namespace}.svc'  # svc_name.namespace.svc
            host_port = "80"
            vnfr_id = vnfr_id.replace("-", "")
            variables = {
                "JOB_NAME": vnfr_id,
                "TARGET_IP": target_ip,
                "EXPORTER_POD_IP": host_name,
                "EXPORTER_POD_PORT": host_port,
                "NSR_ID": nsr_id,
                "VNF_MEMBER_INDEX": vnf_member_index,
                "VDUR_NAME": vdur_name,
                "KDUR_NAME": kdur_name,
                "ELEMENT_TYPE": element_type,
            }
        else:
            metric_path = ee_config_descriptor["metric-path"]
            target_port = ee_config_descriptor["metric-port"]
            vnfr_id = vnfr_id.replace("-", "")
            variables = {
                "JOB_NAME": vnfr_id,
                "TARGET_IP": target_ip,
                "TARGET_PORT": target_port,
                "METRIC_PATH": metric_path,
            }

        job_list = parse_job(job_data, variables)
        # ensure job_name is using the vnfr_id. Adding the metadata nsr_id
        for job in job_list:
            if (
                not isinstance(job.get("job_name"), str)
                or vnfr_id not in job["job_name"]
            ):
                job["job_name"] = vnfr_id + "_" + str(SystemRandom().randint(1, 10000))
            job["nsr_id"] = nsr_id
            job["vnfr_id"] = vnfr_id
        return job_list

    async def rebuild_start_stop(
        self, nsr_id, nslcmop_id, vnf_id, additional_param, operation_type
    ):
        logging_text = "Task ns={} {}={} ".format(nsr_id, operation_type, nslcmop_id)
        self.logger.info(logging_text + "Enter")
        stage = ["Preparing the environment", ""]
        # database nsrs record
        db_nsr_update = {}
        vdu_vim_name = None
        vim_vm_id = None
        # in case of error, indicates what part of scale was failed to put nsr at error status
        start_deploy = time()
        try:
            db_vnfr = self.db.get_one("vnfrs", {"_id": vnf_id})
            vim_account_id = db_vnfr.get("vim-account-id")
            vim_info_key = "vim:" + vim_account_id
            vdu_id = additional_param["vdu_id"]
            vdurs = [item for item in db_vnfr["vdur"] if item["vdu-id-ref"] == vdu_id]
            vdur = find_in_list(
                vdurs, lambda vdu: vdu["count-index"] == additional_param["count-index"]
            )
            if vdur:
                vdu_vim_name = vdur["name"]
                vim_vm_id = vdur["vim_info"][vim_info_key]["vim_id"]
                target_vim, _ = next(k_v for k_v in vdur["vim_info"].items())
            else:
                raise LcmException("Target vdu is not found")
            self.logger.info("vdu_vim_name >> {} ".format(vdu_vim_name))
            # wait for any previous tasks in process
            stage[1] = "Waiting for previous operations to terminate"
            self.logger.info(stage[1])
            await self.lcm_tasks.waitfor_related_HA("ns", "nslcmops", nslcmop_id)

            stage[1] = "Reading from database."
            self.logger.info(stage[1])
            self._write_ns_status(
                nsr_id=nsr_id,
                ns_state=None,
                current_operation=operation_type.upper(),
                current_operation_id=nslcmop_id,
            )
            self._write_op_status(op_id=nslcmop_id, stage=stage, queuePosition=0)

            # read from db: ns
            stage[1] = "Getting nsr={} from db.".format(nsr_id)
            db_nsr_update["operational-status"] = operation_type
            self.update_db_2("nsrs", nsr_id, db_nsr_update)
            # Payload for RO
            desc = {
                operation_type: {
                    "vim_vm_id": vim_vm_id,
                    "vnf_id": vnf_id,
                    "vdu_index": additional_param["count-index"],
                    "vdu_id": vdur["id"],
                    "target_vim": target_vim,
                    "vim_account_id": vim_account_id,
                }
            }
            stage[1] = "Sending rebuild request to RO... {}".format(desc)
            self._write_op_status(op_id=nslcmop_id, stage=stage, queuePosition=0)
            self.logger.info("ro nsr id: {}".format(nsr_id))
            result_dict = await self.RO.operate(nsr_id, desc, operation_type)
            self.logger.info("response from RO: {}".format(result_dict))
            action_id = result_dict["action_id"]
            await self._wait_ng_ro(
                nsr_id,
                action_id,
                nslcmop_id,
                start_deploy,
                self.timeout.operate,
                None,
                "start_stop_rebuild",
            )
            return "COMPLETED", "Done"
        except (ROclient.ROClientException, DbException, LcmException) as e:
            self.logger.error("Exit Exception {}".format(e))
            exc = e
        except asyncio.CancelledError:
            self.logger.error("Cancelled Exception while '{}'".format(stage))
            exc = "Operation was cancelled"
        except Exception as e:
            exc = traceback.format_exc()
            self.logger.critical(
                "Exit Exception {} {}".format(type(e).__name__, e), exc_info=True
            )
            return "FAILED", "Error in operate VNF {}".format(exc)

    async def migrate(self, nsr_id, nslcmop_id):
        """
        Migrate VNFs and VDUs instances in a NS

        :param: nsr_id: NS Instance ID
        :param: nslcmop_id: nslcmop ID of migrate

        """
        # Try to lock HA task here
        task_is_locked_by_me = self.lcm_tasks.lock_HA("ns", "nslcmops", nslcmop_id)
        if not task_is_locked_by_me:
            return
        logging_text = "Task ns={} migrate ".format(nsr_id)
        self.logger.debug(logging_text + "Enter")
        # get all needed from database
        db_nslcmop = None
        db_nslcmop_update = {}
        nslcmop_operation_state = None
        db_nsr_update = {}
        target = {}
        exc = None
        # in case of error, indicates what part of scale was failed to put nsr at error status
        start_deploy = time()

        try:
            # wait for any previous tasks in process
            step = "Waiting for previous operations to terminate"
            await self.lcm_tasks.waitfor_related_HA("ns", "nslcmops", nslcmop_id)

            self._write_ns_status(
                nsr_id=nsr_id,
                ns_state=None,
                current_operation="MIGRATING",
                current_operation_id=nslcmop_id,
            )
            step = "Getting nslcmop from database"
            self.logger.debug(
                step + " after having waited for previous tasks to be completed"
            )
            db_nslcmop = self.db.get_one("nslcmops", {"_id": nslcmop_id})
            migrate_params = db_nslcmop.get("operationParams")

            target = {}
            target.update(migrate_params)
            desc = await self.RO.migrate(nsr_id, target)
            self.logger.debug("RO return > {}".format(desc))
            action_id = desc["action_id"]
            await self._wait_ng_ro(
                nsr_id,
                action_id,
                nslcmop_id,
                start_deploy,
                self.timeout.migrate,
                operation="migrate",
            )
        except (ROclient.ROClientException, DbException, LcmException) as e:
            self.logger.error("Exit Exception {}".format(e))
            exc = e
        except asyncio.CancelledError:
            self.logger.error("Cancelled Exception while '{}'".format(step))
            exc = "Operation was cancelled"
        except Exception as e:
            exc = traceback.format_exc()
            self.logger.critical(
                "Exit Exception {} {}".format(type(e).__name__, e), exc_info=True
            )
        finally:
            self._write_ns_status(
                nsr_id=nsr_id,
                ns_state=None,
                current_operation="IDLE",
                current_operation_id=None,
            )
            if exc:
                db_nslcmop_update["detailed-status"] = "FAILED {}: {}".format(step, exc)
                nslcmop_operation_state = "FAILED"
            else:
                nslcmop_operation_state = "COMPLETED"
                db_nslcmop_update["detailed-status"] = "Done"
                db_nsr_update["detailed-status"] = "Done"

            self._write_op_status(
                op_id=nslcmop_id,
                stage="",
                error_message="",
                operation_state=nslcmop_operation_state,
                other_update=db_nslcmop_update,
            )
            if nslcmop_operation_state:
                try:
                    msg = {
                        "nsr_id": nsr_id,
                        "nslcmop_id": nslcmop_id,
                        "operationState": nslcmop_operation_state,
                    }
                    await self.msg.aiowrite("ns", "migrated", msg)
                except Exception as e:
                    self.logger.error(
                        logging_text + "kafka_write notification Exception {}".format(e)
                    )
            self.logger.debug(logging_text + "Exit")
            self.lcm_tasks.remove("ns", nsr_id, nslcmop_id, "ns_migrate")

    async def heal(self, nsr_id, nslcmop_id):
        """
        Heal NS

        :param nsr_id: ns instance to heal
        :param nslcmop_id: operation to run
        :return:
        """

        # Try to lock HA task here
        task_is_locked_by_me = self.lcm_tasks.lock_HA("ns", "nslcmops", nslcmop_id)
        if not task_is_locked_by_me:
            return

        logging_text = "Task ns={} heal={} ".format(nsr_id, nslcmop_id)
        stage = ["", "", ""]
        tasks_dict_info = {}
        # ^ stage, step, VIM progress
        self.logger.debug(logging_text + "Enter")
        # get all needed from database
        db_nsr = None
        db_nslcmop_update = {}
        db_nsr_update = {}
        db_vnfrs = {}  # vnf's info indexed by _id
        exc = None
        old_operational_status = ""
        old_config_status = ""
        nsi_id = None
        try:
            # wait for any previous tasks in process
            step = "Waiting for previous operations to terminate"
            await self.lcm_tasks.waitfor_related_HA("ns", "nslcmops", nslcmop_id)
            self._write_ns_status(
                nsr_id=nsr_id,
                ns_state=None,
                current_operation="HEALING",
                current_operation_id=nslcmop_id,
            )

            step = "Getting nslcmop from database"
            self.logger.debug(
                step + " after having waited for previous tasks to be completed"
            )
            db_nslcmop = self.db.get_one("nslcmops", {"_id": nslcmop_id})

            step = "Getting nsr from database"
            db_nsr = self.db.get_one("nsrs", {"_id": nsr_id})
            old_operational_status = db_nsr["operational-status"]
            old_config_status = db_nsr["config-status"]

            db_nsr_update = {
                "_admin.deployed.RO.operational-status": "healing",
            }
            self.update_db_2("nsrs", nsr_id, db_nsr_update)

            step = "Sending heal order to VIM"
            await self.heal_RO(
                logging_text=logging_text,
                nsr_id=nsr_id,
                db_nslcmop=db_nslcmop,
                stage=stage,
            )
            # VCA tasks
            # read from db: nsd
            stage[1] = "Getting nsd={} from db.".format(db_nsr["nsd-id"])
            self.logger.debug(logging_text + stage[1])
            nsd = self.db.get_one("nsds", {"_id": db_nsr["nsd-id"]})
            self.fs.sync(db_nsr["nsd-id"])
            db_nsr["nsd"] = nsd
            # read from db: vnfr's of this ns
            step = "Getting vnfrs from db"
            db_vnfrs_list = self.db.get_list("vnfrs", {"nsr-id-ref": nsr_id})
            for vnfr in db_vnfrs_list:
                db_vnfrs[vnfr["_id"]] = vnfr
            self.logger.debug("ns.heal db_vnfrs={}".format(db_vnfrs))

            # Check for each target VNF
            target_list = db_nslcmop.get("operationParams", {}).get("healVnfData", {})
            for target_vnf in target_list:
                # Find this VNF in the list from DB
                vnfr_id = target_vnf.get("vnfInstanceId", None)
                if vnfr_id:
                    db_vnfr = db_vnfrs[vnfr_id]
                    vnfd_id = db_vnfr.get("vnfd-id")
                    vnfd_ref = db_vnfr.get("vnfd-ref")
                    vnfd = self.db.get_one("vnfds", {"_id": vnfd_id})
                    base_folder = vnfd["_admin"]["storage"]
                    vdu_id = None
                    vdu_index = 0
                    vdu_name = None
                    kdu_name = None
                    nsi_id = None  # TODO put nsi_id when this nsr belongs to a NSI
                    member_vnf_index = db_vnfr.get("member-vnf-index-ref")

                    # Check each target VDU and deploy N2VC
                    target_vdu_list = target_vnf.get("additionalParams", {}).get(
                        "vdu", []
                    )
                    if not target_vdu_list:
                        # Codigo nuevo para crear diccionario
                        target_vdu_list = []
                        for existing_vdu in db_vnfr.get("vdur"):
                            vdu_name = existing_vdu.get("vdu-name", None)
                            vdu_index = existing_vdu.get("count-index", 0)
                            vdu_run_day1 = target_vnf.get("additionalParams", {}).get(
                                "run-day1", False
                            )
                            vdu_to_be_healed = {
                                "vdu-id": vdu_name,
                                "count-index": vdu_index,
                                "run-day1": vdu_run_day1,
                            }
                            target_vdu_list.append(vdu_to_be_healed)
                    for target_vdu in target_vdu_list:
                        deploy_params_vdu = target_vdu
                        # Set run-day1 vnf level value if not vdu level value exists
                        if not deploy_params_vdu.get("run-day1") and target_vnf.get(
                            "additionalParams", {}
                        ).get("run-day1"):
                            deploy_params_vdu["run-day1"] = target_vnf[
                                "additionalParams"
                            ].get("run-day1")
                        vdu_name = target_vdu.get("vdu-id", None)
                        # TODO: Get vdu_id from vdud.
                        vdu_id = vdu_name
                        # For multi instance VDU count-index is mandatory
                        # For single session VDU count-indes is 0
                        vdu_index = target_vdu.get("count-index", 0)

                        # n2vc_redesign STEP 3 to 6 Deploy N2VC
                        stage[1] = "Deploying Execution Environments."
                        self.logger.debug(logging_text + stage[1])

                        # VNF Level charm. Normal case when proxy charms.
                        # If target instance is management machine continue with actions: recreate EE for native charms or reinject juju key for proxy charms.
                        descriptor_config = get_configuration(vnfd, vnfd_ref)
                        if descriptor_config:
                            # Continue if healed machine is management machine
                            vnf_ip_address = db_vnfr.get("ip-address")
                            target_instance = None
                            for instance in db_vnfr.get("vdur", None):
                                if (
                                    instance["vdu-name"] == vdu_name
                                    and instance["count-index"] == vdu_index
                                ):
                                    target_instance = instance
                                    break
                            if vnf_ip_address == target_instance.get("ip-address"):
                                self._heal_n2vc(
                                    logging_text=logging_text
                                    + "member_vnf_index={}, vdu_name={}, vdu_index={} ".format(
                                        member_vnf_index, vdu_name, vdu_index
                                    ),
                                    db_nsr=db_nsr,
                                    db_vnfr=db_vnfr,
                                    nslcmop_id=nslcmop_id,
                                    nsr_id=nsr_id,
                                    nsi_id=nsi_id,
                                    vnfd_id=vnfd_ref,
                                    vdu_id=None,
                                    kdu_name=None,
                                    member_vnf_index=member_vnf_index,
                                    vdu_index=0,
                                    vdu_name=None,
                                    deploy_params=deploy_params_vdu,
                                    descriptor_config=descriptor_config,
                                    base_folder=base_folder,
                                    task_instantiation_info=tasks_dict_info,
                                    stage=stage,
                                )

                        # VDU Level charm. Normal case with native charms.
                        descriptor_config = get_configuration(vnfd, vdu_name)
                        if descriptor_config:
                            self._heal_n2vc(
                                logging_text=logging_text
                                + "member_vnf_index={}, vdu_name={}, vdu_index={} ".format(
                                    member_vnf_index, vdu_name, vdu_index
                                ),
                                db_nsr=db_nsr,
                                db_vnfr=db_vnfr,
                                nslcmop_id=nslcmop_id,
                                nsr_id=nsr_id,
                                nsi_id=nsi_id,
                                vnfd_id=vnfd_ref,
                                vdu_id=vdu_id,
                                kdu_name=kdu_name,
                                member_vnf_index=member_vnf_index,
                                vdu_index=vdu_index,
                                vdu_name=vdu_name,
                                deploy_params=deploy_params_vdu,
                                descriptor_config=descriptor_config,
                                base_folder=base_folder,
                                task_instantiation_info=tasks_dict_info,
                                stage=stage,
                            )

        except (
            ROclient.ROClientException,
            DbException,
            LcmException,
            NgRoException,
        ) as e:
            self.logger.error(logging_text + "Exit Exception {}".format(e))
            exc = e
        except asyncio.CancelledError:
            self.logger.error(
                logging_text + "Cancelled Exception while '{}'".format(step)
            )
            exc = "Operation was cancelled"
        except Exception as e:
            exc = traceback.format_exc()
            self.logger.critical(
                logging_text + "Exit Exception {} {}".format(type(e).__name__, e),
                exc_info=True,
            )
        finally:
            error_list = list()
            if exc:
                error_list.append(str(exc))
            try:
                if tasks_dict_info:
                    stage[1] = "Waiting for healing pending tasks."
                    self.logger.debug(logging_text + stage[1])
                    exc = await self._wait_for_tasks(
                        logging_text,
                        tasks_dict_info,
                        self.timeout.ns_deploy,
                        stage,
                        nslcmop_id,
                        nsr_id=nsr_id,
                    )
            except asyncio.CancelledError:
                error_list.append("Cancelled")
                await self._cancel_pending_tasks(logging_text, tasks_dict_info)
                await self._wait_for_tasks(
                    logging_text,
                    tasks_dict_info,
                    self.timeout.ns_deploy,
                    stage,
                    nslcmop_id,
                    nsr_id=nsr_id,
                )
            if error_list:
                error_detail = "; ".join(error_list)
                db_nslcmop_update[
                    "detailed-status"
                ] = error_description_nslcmop = "FAILED {}: {}".format(
                    step, error_detail
                )
                nslcmop_operation_state = "FAILED"
                if db_nsr:
                    db_nsr_update["operational-status"] = old_operational_status
                    db_nsr_update["config-status"] = old_config_status
                    db_nsr_update[
                        "detailed-status"
                    ] = "FAILED healing nslcmop={} {}: {}".format(
                        nslcmop_id, step, error_detail
                    )
                    for task, task_name in tasks_dict_info.items():
                        if not task.done() or task.cancelled() or task.exception():
                            if task_name.startswith(self.task_name_deploy_vca):
                                # A N2VC task is pending
                                db_nsr_update["config-status"] = "failed"
                            else:
                                # RO task is pending
                                db_nsr_update["operational-status"] = "failed"
            else:
                error_description_nslcmop = None
                nslcmop_operation_state = "COMPLETED"
                db_nslcmop_update["detailed-status"] = "Done"
                db_nsr_update["detailed-status"] = "Done"
                db_nsr_update["operational-status"] = "running"
                db_nsr_update["config-status"] = "configured"

            self._write_op_status(
                op_id=nslcmop_id,
                stage="",
                error_message=error_description_nslcmop,
                operation_state=nslcmop_operation_state,
                other_update=db_nslcmop_update,
            )
            if db_nsr:
                self._write_ns_status(
                    nsr_id=nsr_id,
                    ns_state=None,
                    current_operation="IDLE",
                    current_operation_id=None,
                    other_update=db_nsr_update,
                )

            if nslcmop_operation_state:
                try:
                    msg = {
                        "nsr_id": nsr_id,
                        "nslcmop_id": nslcmop_id,
                        "operationState": nslcmop_operation_state,
                    }
                    await self.msg.aiowrite("ns", "healed", msg)
                except Exception as e:
                    self.logger.error(
                        logging_text + "kafka_write notification Exception {}".format(e)
                    )
            self.logger.debug(logging_text + "Exit")
            self.lcm_tasks.remove("ns", nsr_id, nslcmop_id, "ns_heal")

    async def heal_RO(
        self,
        logging_text,
        nsr_id,
        db_nslcmop,
        stage,
    ):
        """
        Heal at RO
        :param logging_text: preffix text to use at logging
        :param nsr_id: nsr identity
        :param db_nslcmop: database content of ns operation, in this case, 'instantiate'
        :param stage: list with 3 items: [general stage, tasks, vim_specific]. This task will write over vim_specific
        :return: None or exception
        """

        def get_vim_account(vim_account_id):
            nonlocal db_vims
            if vim_account_id in db_vims:
                return db_vims[vim_account_id]
            db_vim = self.db.get_one("vim_accounts", {"_id": vim_account_id})
            db_vims[vim_account_id] = db_vim
            return db_vim

        try:
            start_heal = time()
            ns_params = db_nslcmop.get("operationParams")
            if ns_params and ns_params.get("timeout_ns_heal"):
                timeout_ns_heal = ns_params["timeout_ns_heal"]
            else:
                timeout_ns_heal = self.timeout.ns_heal

            db_vims = {}

            nslcmop_id = db_nslcmop["_id"]
            target = {
                "action_id": nslcmop_id,
            }
            self.logger.warning(
                "db_nslcmop={} and timeout_ns_heal={}".format(
                    db_nslcmop, timeout_ns_heal
                )
            )
            target.update(db_nslcmop.get("operationParams", {}))

            self.logger.debug("Send to RO > nsr_id={} target={}".format(nsr_id, target))
            desc = await self.RO.recreate(nsr_id, target)
            self.logger.debug("RO return > {}".format(desc))
            action_id = desc["action_id"]
            # waits for RO to complete because Reinjecting juju key at ro can find VM in state Deleted
            await self._wait_ng_ro(
                nsr_id,
                action_id,
                nslcmop_id,
                start_heal,
                timeout_ns_heal,
                stage,
                operation="healing",
            )

            # Updating NSR
            db_nsr_update = {
                "_admin.deployed.RO.operational-status": "running",
                "detailed-status": " ".join(stage),
            }
            self.update_db_2("nsrs", nsr_id, db_nsr_update)
            self._write_op_status(nslcmop_id, stage)
            self.logger.debug(
                logging_text + "ns healed at RO. RO_id={}".format(action_id)
            )

        except Exception as e:
            stage[2] = "ERROR healing at VIM"
            # self.set_vnfr_at_error(db_vnfrs, str(e))
            self.logger.error(
                "Error healing at VIM {}".format(e),
                exc_info=not isinstance(
                    e,
                    (
                        ROclient.ROClientException,
                        LcmException,
                        DbException,
                        NgRoException,
                    ),
                ),
            )
            raise

    def _heal_n2vc(
        self,
        logging_text,
        db_nsr,
        db_vnfr,
        nslcmop_id,
        nsr_id,
        nsi_id,
        vnfd_id,
        vdu_id,
        kdu_name,
        member_vnf_index,
        vdu_index,
        vdu_name,
        deploy_params,
        descriptor_config,
        base_folder,
        task_instantiation_info,
        stage,
    ):
        # launch instantiate_N2VC in a asyncio task and register task object
        # Look where information of this charm is at database <nsrs>._admin.deployed.VCA
        # if not found, create one entry and update database
        # fill db_nsr._admin.deployed.VCA.<index>

        self.logger.debug(
            logging_text + "_deploy_n2vc vnfd_id={}, vdu_id={}".format(vnfd_id, vdu_id)
        )

        charm_name = ""
        get_charm_name = False
        if "execution-environment-list" in descriptor_config:
            ee_list = descriptor_config.get("execution-environment-list", [])
        elif "juju" in descriptor_config:
            ee_list = [descriptor_config]  # ns charms
            if "execution-environment-list" not in descriptor_config:
                # charm name is only required for ns charms
                get_charm_name = True
        else:  # other types as script are not supported
            ee_list = []

        for ee_item in ee_list:
            self.logger.debug(
                logging_text
                + "_deploy_n2vc ee_item juju={}, helm={}".format(
                    ee_item.get("juju"), ee_item.get("helm-chart")
                )
            )
            ee_descriptor_id = ee_item.get("id")
            vca_name, charm_name, vca_type = self.get_vca_info(
                ee_item, db_nsr, get_charm_name
            )
            if not vca_type:
                self.logger.debug(
                    logging_text + "skipping, non juju/charm/helm configuration"
                )
                continue

            vca_index = -1
            for vca_index, vca_deployed in enumerate(
                db_nsr["_admin"]["deployed"]["VCA"]
            ):
                if not vca_deployed:
                    continue
                if (
                    vca_deployed.get("member-vnf-index") == member_vnf_index
                    and vca_deployed.get("vdu_id") == vdu_id
                    and vca_deployed.get("kdu_name") == kdu_name
                    and vca_deployed.get("vdu_count_index", 0) == vdu_index
                    and vca_deployed.get("ee_descriptor_id") == ee_descriptor_id
                ):
                    break
            else:
                # not found, create one.
                target = (
                    "ns" if not member_vnf_index else "vnf/{}".format(member_vnf_index)
                )
                if vdu_id:
                    target += "/vdu/{}/{}".format(vdu_id, vdu_index or 0)
                elif kdu_name:
                    target += "/kdu/{}".format(kdu_name)
                vca_deployed = {
                    "target_element": target,
                    # ^ target_element will replace member-vnf-index, kdu_name, vdu_id ... in a single string
                    "member-vnf-index": member_vnf_index,
                    "vdu_id": vdu_id,
                    "kdu_name": kdu_name,
                    "vdu_count_index": vdu_index,
                    "operational-status": "init",  # TODO revise
                    "detailed-status": "",  # TODO revise
                    "step": "initial-deploy",  # TODO revise
                    "vnfd_id": vnfd_id,
                    "vdu_name": vdu_name,
                    "type": vca_type,
                    "ee_descriptor_id": ee_descriptor_id,
                    "charm_name": charm_name,
                }
                vca_index += 1

                # create VCA and configurationStatus in db
                db_dict = {
                    "_admin.deployed.VCA.{}".format(vca_index): vca_deployed,
                    "configurationStatus.{}".format(vca_index): dict(),
                }
                self.update_db_2("nsrs", nsr_id, db_dict)

                db_nsr["_admin"]["deployed"]["VCA"].append(vca_deployed)

            self.logger.debug("N2VC > NSR_ID > {}".format(nsr_id))
            self.logger.debug("N2VC > DB_NSR > {}".format(db_nsr))
            self.logger.debug("N2VC > VCA_DEPLOYED > {}".format(vca_deployed))

            # Launch task
            task_n2vc = asyncio.ensure_future(
                self.heal_N2VC(
                    logging_text=logging_text,
                    vca_index=vca_index,
                    nsi_id=nsi_id,
                    db_nsr=db_nsr,
                    db_vnfr=db_vnfr,
                    vdu_id=vdu_id,
                    kdu_name=kdu_name,
                    vdu_index=vdu_index,
                    deploy_params=deploy_params,
                    config_descriptor=descriptor_config,
                    base_folder=base_folder,
                    nslcmop_id=nslcmop_id,
                    stage=stage,
                    vca_type=vca_type,
                    vca_name=vca_name,
                    ee_config_descriptor=ee_item,
                )
            )
            self.lcm_tasks.register(
                "ns",
                nsr_id,
                nslcmop_id,
                "instantiate_N2VC-{}".format(vca_index),
                task_n2vc,
            )
            task_instantiation_info[
                task_n2vc
            ] = self.task_name_deploy_vca + " {}.{}".format(
                member_vnf_index or "", vdu_id or ""
            )

    async def heal_N2VC(
        self,
        logging_text,
        vca_index,
        nsi_id,
        db_nsr,
        db_vnfr,
        vdu_id,
        kdu_name,
        vdu_index,
        config_descriptor,
        deploy_params,
        base_folder,
        nslcmop_id,
        stage,
        vca_type,
        vca_name,
        ee_config_descriptor,
    ):
        nsr_id = db_nsr["_id"]
        db_update_entry = "_admin.deployed.VCA.{}.".format(vca_index)
        vca_deployed_list = db_nsr["_admin"]["deployed"]["VCA"]
        vca_deployed = db_nsr["_admin"]["deployed"]["VCA"][vca_index]
        osm_config = {"osm": {"ns_id": db_nsr["_id"]}}
        db_dict = {
            "collection": "nsrs",
            "filter": {"_id": nsr_id},
            "path": db_update_entry,
        }
        step = ""
        try:
            element_type = "NS"
            element_under_configuration = nsr_id

            vnfr_id = None
            if db_vnfr:
                vnfr_id = db_vnfr["_id"]
                osm_config["osm"]["vnf_id"] = vnfr_id

            namespace = "{nsi}.{ns}".format(nsi=nsi_id if nsi_id else "", ns=nsr_id)

            if vca_type == "native_charm":
                index_number = 0
            else:
                index_number = vdu_index or 0

            if vnfr_id:
                element_type = "VNF"
                element_under_configuration = vnfr_id
                namespace += ".{}-{}".format(vnfr_id, index_number)
                if vdu_id:
                    namespace += ".{}-{}".format(vdu_id, index_number)
                    element_type = "VDU"
                    element_under_configuration = "{}-{}".format(vdu_id, index_number)
                    osm_config["osm"]["vdu_id"] = vdu_id
                elif kdu_name:
                    namespace += ".{}".format(kdu_name)
                    element_type = "KDU"
                    element_under_configuration = kdu_name
                    osm_config["osm"]["kdu_name"] = kdu_name

            # Get artifact path
            if base_folder["pkg-dir"]:
                artifact_path = "{}/{}/{}/{}".format(
                    base_folder["folder"],
                    base_folder["pkg-dir"],
                    "charms"
                    if vca_type
                    in ("native_charm", "lxc_proxy_charm", "k8s_proxy_charm")
                    else "helm-charts",
                    vca_name,
                )
            else:
                artifact_path = "{}/Scripts/{}/{}/".format(
                    base_folder["folder"],
                    "charms"
                    if vca_type
                    in ("native_charm", "lxc_proxy_charm", "k8s_proxy_charm")
                    else "helm-charts",
                    vca_name,
                )

            self.logger.debug("Artifact path > {}".format(artifact_path))

            # get initial_config_primitive_list that applies to this element
            initial_config_primitive_list = config_descriptor.get(
                "initial-config-primitive"
            )

            self.logger.debug(
                "Initial config primitive list > {}".format(
                    initial_config_primitive_list
                )
            )

            # add config if not present for NS charm
            ee_descriptor_id = ee_config_descriptor.get("id")
            self.logger.debug("EE Descriptor > {}".format(ee_descriptor_id))
            initial_config_primitive_list = get_ee_sorted_initial_config_primitive_list(
                initial_config_primitive_list, vca_deployed, ee_descriptor_id
            )

            self.logger.debug(
                "Initial config primitive list #2 > {}".format(
                    initial_config_primitive_list
                )
            )
            # n2vc_redesign STEP 3.1
            # find old ee_id if exists
            ee_id = vca_deployed.get("ee_id")

            vca_id = self.get_vca_id(db_vnfr, db_nsr)
            # create or register execution environment in VCA. Only for native charms when healing
            if vca_type == "native_charm":
                step = "Waiting to VM being up and getting IP address"
                self.logger.debug(logging_text + step)
                rw_mgmt_ip = await self.wait_vm_up_insert_key_ro(
                    logging_text,
                    nsr_id,
                    vnfr_id,
                    vdu_id,
                    vdu_index,
                    user=None,
                    pub_key=None,
                )
                credentials = {"hostname": rw_mgmt_ip}
                # get username
                username = deep_get(
                    config_descriptor, ("config-access", "ssh-access", "default-user")
                )
                # TODO remove this when changes on IM regarding config-access:ssh-access:default-user were
                #  merged. Meanwhile let's get username from initial-config-primitive
                if not username and initial_config_primitive_list:
                    for config_primitive in initial_config_primitive_list:
                        for param in config_primitive.get("parameter", ()):
                            if param["name"] == "ssh-username":
                                username = param["value"]
                                break
                if not username:
                    raise LcmException(
                        "Cannot determine the username neither with 'initial-config-primitive' nor with "
                        "'config-access.ssh-access.default-user'"
                    )
                credentials["username"] = username

                # n2vc_redesign STEP 3.2
                # TODO: Before healing at RO it is needed to destroy native charm units to be deleted.
                self._write_configuration_status(
                    nsr_id=nsr_id,
                    vca_index=vca_index,
                    status="REGISTERING",
                    element_under_configuration=element_under_configuration,
                    element_type=element_type,
                )

                step = "register execution environment {}".format(credentials)
                self.logger.debug(logging_text + step)
                ee_id = await self.vca_map[vca_type].register_execution_environment(
                    credentials=credentials,
                    namespace=namespace,
                    db_dict=db_dict,
                    vca_id=vca_id,
                )

                # update ee_id en db
                db_dict_ee_id = {
                    "_admin.deployed.VCA.{}.ee_id".format(vca_index): ee_id,
                }
                self.update_db_2("nsrs", nsr_id, db_dict_ee_id)

            # for compatibility with MON/POL modules, the need model and application name at database
            # TODO ask MON/POL if needed to not assuming anymore the format "model_name.application_name"
            # Not sure if this need to be done when healing
            """
            ee_id_parts = ee_id.split(".")
            db_nsr_update = {db_update_entry + "ee_id": ee_id}
            if len(ee_id_parts) >= 2:
                model_name = ee_id_parts[0]
                application_name = ee_id_parts[1]
                db_nsr_update[db_update_entry + "model"] = model_name
                db_nsr_update[db_update_entry + "application"] = application_name
            """

            # n2vc_redesign STEP 3.3
            # Install configuration software. Only for native charms.
            step = "Install configuration Software"

            self._write_configuration_status(
                nsr_id=nsr_id,
                vca_index=vca_index,
                status="INSTALLING SW",
                element_under_configuration=element_under_configuration,
                element_type=element_type,
                # other_update=db_nsr_update,
                other_update=None,
            )

            # TODO check if already done
            self.logger.debug(logging_text + step)
            config = None
            if vca_type == "native_charm":
                config_primitive = next(
                    (p for p in initial_config_primitive_list if p["name"] == "config"),
                    None,
                )
                if config_primitive:
                    config = self._map_primitive_params(
                        config_primitive, {}, deploy_params
                    )
                await self.vca_map[vca_type].install_configuration_sw(
                    ee_id=ee_id,
                    artifact_path=artifact_path,
                    db_dict=db_dict,
                    config=config,
                    num_units=1,
                    vca_id=vca_id,
                    vca_type=vca_type,
                )

            # write in db flag of configuration_sw already installed
            self.update_db_2(
                "nsrs", nsr_id, {db_update_entry + "config_sw_installed": True}
            )

            # Not sure if this need to be done when healing
            """
            # add relations for this VCA (wait for other peers related with this VCA)
            await self._add_vca_relations(
                logging_text=logging_text,
                nsr_id=nsr_id,
                vca_type=vca_type,
                vca_index=vca_index,
            )
            """

            # if SSH access is required, then get execution environment SSH public
            # if native charm we have waited already to VM be UP
            if vca_type in ("k8s_proxy_charm", "lxc_proxy_charm", "helm-v3"):
                pub_key = None
                user = None
                # self.logger.debug("get ssh key block")
                if deep_get(
                    config_descriptor, ("config-access", "ssh-access", "required")
                ):
                    # self.logger.debug("ssh key needed")
                    # Needed to inject a ssh key
                    user = deep_get(
                        config_descriptor,
                        ("config-access", "ssh-access", "default-user"),
                    )
                    step = "Install configuration Software, getting public ssh key"
                    pub_key = await self.vca_map[vca_type].get_ee_ssh_public__key(
                        ee_id=ee_id, db_dict=db_dict, vca_id=vca_id
                    )

                    step = "Insert public key into VM user={} ssh_key={}".format(
                        user, pub_key
                    )
                else:
                    # self.logger.debug("no need to get ssh key")
                    step = "Waiting to VM being up and getting IP address"
                self.logger.debug(logging_text + step)

                # n2vc_redesign STEP 5.1
                # wait for RO (ip-address) Insert pub_key into VM
                # IMPORTANT: We need do wait for RO to complete healing operation.
                await self._wait_heal_ro(nsr_id, self.timeout.ns_heal)
                if vnfr_id:
                    if kdu_name:
                        rw_mgmt_ip = await self.wait_kdu_up(
                            logging_text, nsr_id, vnfr_id, kdu_name
                        )
                    else:
                        rw_mgmt_ip = await self.wait_vm_up_insert_key_ro(
                            logging_text,
                            nsr_id,
                            vnfr_id,
                            vdu_id,
                            vdu_index,
                            user=user,
                            pub_key=pub_key,
                        )
                else:
                    rw_mgmt_ip = None  # This is for a NS configuration

                self.logger.debug(logging_text + " VM_ip_address={}".format(rw_mgmt_ip))

            # store rw_mgmt_ip in deploy params for later replacement
            deploy_params["rw_mgmt_ip"] = rw_mgmt_ip

            # Day1 operations.
            # get run-day1 operation parameter
            runDay1 = deploy_params.get("run-day1", False)
            self.logger.debug(
                "Healing vnf={}, vdu={}, runDay1 ={}".format(vnfr_id, vdu_id, runDay1)
            )
            if runDay1:
                # n2vc_redesign STEP 6  Execute initial config primitive
                step = "execute initial config primitive"

                # wait for dependent primitives execution (NS -> VNF -> VDU)
                if initial_config_primitive_list:
                    await self._wait_dependent_n2vc(
                        nsr_id, vca_deployed_list, vca_index
                    )

                # stage, in function of element type: vdu, kdu, vnf or ns
                my_vca = vca_deployed_list[vca_index]
                if my_vca.get("vdu_id") or my_vca.get("kdu_name"):
                    # VDU or KDU
                    stage[0] = "Stage 3/5: running Day-1 primitives for VDU."
                elif my_vca.get("member-vnf-index"):
                    # VNF
                    stage[0] = "Stage 4/5: running Day-1 primitives for VNF."
                else:
                    # NS
                    stage[0] = "Stage 5/5: running Day-1 primitives for NS."

                self._write_configuration_status(
                    nsr_id=nsr_id, vca_index=vca_index, status="EXECUTING PRIMITIVE"
                )

                self._write_op_status(op_id=nslcmop_id, stage=stage)

                check_if_terminated_needed = True
                for initial_config_primitive in initial_config_primitive_list:
                    # adding information on the vca_deployed if it is a NS execution environment
                    if not vca_deployed["member-vnf-index"]:
                        deploy_params["ns_config_info"] = json.dumps(
                            self._get_ns_config_info(nsr_id)
                        )
                    # TODO check if already done
                    primitive_params_ = self._map_primitive_params(
                        initial_config_primitive, {}, deploy_params
                    )

                    step = "execute primitive '{}' params '{}'".format(
                        initial_config_primitive["name"], primitive_params_
                    )
                    self.logger.debug(logging_text + step)
                    await self.vca_map[vca_type].exec_primitive(
                        ee_id=ee_id,
                        primitive_name=initial_config_primitive["name"],
                        params_dict=primitive_params_,
                        db_dict=db_dict,
                        vca_id=vca_id,
                        vca_type=vca_type,
                    )
                    # Once some primitive has been exec, check and write at db if it needs to exec terminated primitives
                    if check_if_terminated_needed:
                        if config_descriptor.get("terminate-config-primitive"):
                            self.update_db_2(
                                "nsrs",
                                nsr_id,
                                {db_update_entry + "needed_terminate": True},
                            )
                        check_if_terminated_needed = False

                    # TODO register in database that primitive is done

            # STEP 7 Configure metrics
            # Not sure if this need to be done when healing
            """
            if vca_type == "helm" or vca_type == "helm-v3":
                prometheus_jobs = await self.extract_prometheus_scrape_jobs(
                    ee_id=ee_id,
                    artifact_path=artifact_path,
                    ee_config_descriptor=ee_config_descriptor,
                    vnfr_id=vnfr_id,
                    nsr_id=nsr_id,
                    target_ip=rw_mgmt_ip,
                )
                if prometheus_jobs:
                    self.update_db_2(
                        "nsrs",
                        nsr_id,
                        {db_update_entry + "prometheus_jobs": prometheus_jobs},
                    )

                    for job in prometheus_jobs:
                        self.db.set_one(
                            "prometheus_jobs",
                            {"job_name": job["job_name"]},
                            job,
                            upsert=True,
                            fail_on_empty=False,
                        )

            """
            step = "instantiated at VCA"
            self.logger.debug(logging_text + step)

            self._write_configuration_status(
                nsr_id=nsr_id, vca_index=vca_index, status="READY"
            )

        except Exception as e:  # TODO not use Exception but N2VC exception
            # self.update_db_2("nsrs", nsr_id, {db_update_entry + "instantiation": "FAILED"})
            if not isinstance(
                e, (DbException, N2VCException, LcmException, asyncio.CancelledError)
            ):
                self.logger.error(
                    "Exception while {} : {}".format(step, e), exc_info=True
                )
            self._write_configuration_status(
                nsr_id=nsr_id, vca_index=vca_index, status="BROKEN"
            )
            raise LcmException("{} {}".format(step, e)) from e

    async def _wait_heal_ro(
        self,
        nsr_id,
        timeout=600,
    ):
        start_time = time()
        while time() <= start_time + timeout:
            db_nsr = self.db.get_one("nsrs", {"_id": nsr_id})
            operational_status_ro = db_nsr["_admin"]["deployed"]["RO"][
                "operational-status"
            ]
            self.logger.debug("Wait Heal RO > {}".format(operational_status_ro))
            if operational_status_ro != "healing":
                break
            await asyncio.sleep(15)
        else:  # timeout_ns_deploy
            raise NgRoException("Timeout waiting ns to deploy")

    async def vertical_scale(self, nsr_id, nslcmop_id):
        """
        Vertical Scale the VDUs in a NS

        :param: nsr_id: NS Instance ID
        :param: nslcmop_id: nslcmop ID of migrate

        """
        # Try to lock HA task here
        task_is_locked_by_me = self.lcm_tasks.lock_HA("ns", "nslcmops", nslcmop_id)
        if not task_is_locked_by_me:
            return
        logging_text = "Task ns={} vertical scale ".format(nsr_id)
        self.logger.debug(logging_text + "Enter")
        # get all needed from database
        db_nslcmop = None
        db_nslcmop_update = {}
        nslcmop_operation_state = None
        old_db_update = {}
        q_filter = {}
        old_vdu_index = None
        old_flavor_id = None
        db_nsr_update = {}
        target = {}
        exc = None
        # in case of error, indicates what part of scale was failed to put nsr at error status
        start_deploy = time()

        try:
            # wait for any previous tasks in process
            step = "Waiting for previous operations to terminate"
            await self.lcm_tasks.waitfor_related_HA("ns", "nslcmops", nslcmop_id)

            self._write_ns_status(
                nsr_id=nsr_id,
                ns_state=None,
                current_operation="VerticalScale",
                current_operation_id=nslcmop_id,
            )
            step = "Getting nslcmop from database"
            self.logger.debug(
                step + " after having waited for previous tasks to be completed"
            )
            db_nslcmop = self.db.get_one("nslcmops", {"_id": nslcmop_id})
            operationParams = db_nslcmop.get("operationParams")
            # Update the VNFRS and NSRS with the requested flavour detail, So that ro tasks can function properly
            db_nsr = self.db.get_one("nsrs", {"_id": nsr_id})
            db_flavor = db_nsr.get("flavor")
            db_flavor_index = str(len(db_flavor))
            change_vnf_flavor_data = operationParams["changeVnfFlavorData"]
            flavor_dict = change_vnf_flavor_data["additionalParams"]
            count_index = flavor_dict["vduCountIndex"]
            vdu_id_ref = flavor_dict["vduid"]
            flavor_dict_update = {
                "id": db_flavor_index,
                "memory-mb": flavor_dict["virtualMemory"],
                "name": f"{vdu_id_ref}-{count_index}-flv",
                "storage-gb": flavor_dict["sizeOfStorage"],
                "vcpu-count": flavor_dict["numVirtualCpu"],
            }
            db_flavor.append(flavor_dict_update)
            db_update = {}
            db_update["flavor"] = db_flavor
            ns_q_filter = {
                "_id": nsr_id,
            }
            self.db.set_one(
                "nsrs",
                q_filter=ns_q_filter,
                update_dict=db_update,
                fail_on_empty=True,
            )
            db_vnfr = self.db.get_one(
                "vnfrs", {"_id": change_vnf_flavor_data["vnfInstanceId"]}
            )
            for vdu_index, vdur in enumerate(db_vnfr.get("vdur", ())):
                if (
                    vdur.get("count-index") == count_index
                    and vdur.get("vdu-id-ref") == vdu_id_ref
                ):
                    old_flavor_id = vdur.get("ns-flavor-id", 0)
                    old_vdu_index = vdu_index
                    filter_text = {
                        "_id": change_vnf_flavor_data["vnfInstanceId"],
                        "vdur.count-index": count_index,
                        "vdur.vdu-id-ref": vdu_id_ref,
                    }
                    q_filter.update(filter_text)
                    db_update = {}
                    db_update[
                        "vdur.{}.ns-flavor-id".format(vdu_index)
                    ] = db_flavor_index
                    self.db.set_one(
                        "vnfrs",
                        q_filter=q_filter,
                        update_dict=db_update,
                        fail_on_empty=True,
                    )
            target = {}
            target.update(operationParams)
            desc = await self.RO.vertical_scale(nsr_id, target)
            self.logger.debug("RO return > {}".format(desc))
            action_id = desc["action_id"]
            await self._wait_ng_ro(
                nsr_id,
                action_id,
                nslcmop_id,
                start_deploy,
                self.timeout.verticalscale,
                operation="verticalscale",
            )
        except (
            NgRoException,
            ROclient.ROClientException,
            DbException,
            LcmException,
        ) as e:
            self.logger.error("Exit Exception {}".format(e))
            exc = e
        except asyncio.CancelledError:
            self.logger.error("Cancelled Exception while '{}'".format(step))
            exc = "Operation was cancelled"
        except Exception as e:
            exc = traceback.format_exc()
            self.logger.critical(
                "Exit Exception {} {}".format(type(e).__name__, e), exc_info=True
            )
        finally:
            self._write_ns_status(
                nsr_id=nsr_id,
                ns_state=None,
                current_operation="IDLE",
                current_operation_id=None,
            )
            if exc:
                db_nslcmop_update["detailed-status"] = "FAILED {}: {}".format(step, exc)
                nslcmop_operation_state = "FAILED"
                old_db_update[
                    "vdur.{}.ns-flavor-id".format(old_vdu_index)
                ] = old_flavor_id
            else:
                nslcmop_operation_state = "COMPLETED"
                db_nslcmop_update["detailed-status"] = "Done"
                db_nsr_update["detailed-status"] = "Done"

            self._write_op_status(
                op_id=nslcmop_id,
                stage="",
                error_message="",
                operation_state=nslcmop_operation_state,
                other_update=db_nslcmop_update,
            )
            if old_vdu_index and old_db_update != {}:
                self.logger.critical(
                    "Reverting Old Flavor -- : {}".format(old_db_update)
                )
                self.db.set_one(
                    "vnfrs",
                    q_filter=q_filter,
                    update_dict=old_db_update,
                    fail_on_empty=True,
                )
            if nslcmop_operation_state:
                try:
                    msg = {
                        "nsr_id": nsr_id,
                        "nslcmop_id": nslcmop_id,
                        "operationState": nslcmop_operation_state,
                    }
                    await self.msg.aiowrite("ns", "verticalscaled", msg)
                except Exception as e:
                    self.logger.error(
                        logging_text + "kafka_write notification Exception {}".format(e)
                    )
            self.logger.debug(logging_text + "Exit")
            self.lcm_tasks.remove("ns", nsr_id, nslcmop_id, "ns_verticalscale")