fix 1108 enhancement in helm installation and removing
[osm/N2VC.git] / n2vc / vnf.py
index 9f04405..4e46746 100644 (file)
@@ -1,26 +1,44 @@
+# Copyright 2019 Canonical Ltd.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#     limitations under the License.
+
 import asyncio
+import base64
+import binascii
 import logging
-import os
 import os.path
 import re
 import shlex
 import ssl
 import subprocess
-import sys
-# import time
-
-# FIXME: this should load the juju inside or modules without having to
-# explicitly install it. Check why it's not working.
-# Load our subtree of the juju library
-path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '..'))
-path = os.path.join(path, "modules/libjuju/")
-if path not in sys.path:
-    sys.path.insert(1, path)
 
+from juju.client import client
 from juju.controller import Controller
+from juju.errors import JujuAPIError, JujuError
 from juju.model import ModelObserver
 
+import n2vc.exceptions
+from n2vc.provisioner import SSHProvisioner
+
 
+# import time
+# FIXME: this should load the juju inside or modules without having to
+# explicitly install it. Check why it's not working.
+# Load our subtree of the juju library
+# path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '..'))
+# path = os.path.join(path, "modules/libjuju/")
+# if path not in sys.path:
+#     sys.path.insert(1, path)
 # We might need this to connect to the websocket securely, but test and verify.
 try:
     ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context
@@ -31,6 +49,7 @@ except AttributeError:
 
 
 # Custom exceptions
+# Deprecated. Please use n2vc.exceptions namespace.
 class JujuCharmNotFound(Exception):
     """The Charm can't be found or is not readable."""
 
@@ -43,29 +62,37 @@ class N2VCPrimitiveExecutionFailed(Exception):
     """Something failed while attempting to execute a primitive."""
 
 
+class NetworkServiceDoesNotExist(Exception):
+    """The Network Service being acted against does not exist."""
+
+
+class PrimitiveDoesNotExist(Exception):
+    """The Primitive being executed does not exist."""
+
+
 # Quiet the debug logging
-logging.getLogger('websockets.protocol').setLevel(logging.INFO)
-logging.getLogger('juju.client.connection').setLevel(logging.WARN)
-logging.getLogger('juju.model').setLevel(logging.WARN)
-logging.getLogger('juju.machine').setLevel(logging.WARN)
+logging.getLogger("websockets.protocol").setLevel(logging.INFO)
+logging.getLogger("juju.client.connection").setLevel(logging.WARN)
+logging.getLogger("juju.model").setLevel(logging.WARN)
+logging.getLogger("juju.machine").setLevel(logging.WARN)
 
 
 class VCAMonitor(ModelObserver):
     """Monitor state changes within the Juju Model."""
+
     log = None
-    ns_name = None
-    applications = {}
 
     def __init__(self, ns_name):
         self.log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
         self.ns_name = ns_name
+        self.applications = {}
 
     def AddApplication(self, application_name, callback, *callback_args):
         if application_name not in self.applications:
             self.applications[application_name] = {
-                'callback': callback,
-                'callback_args': callback_args
+                "callback": callback,
+                "callback_args": callback_args,
             }
 
     def RemoveApplication(self, application_name):
@@ -77,36 +104,37 @@ class VCAMonitor(ModelObserver):
 
         if delta.entity == "unit":
             # Ignore change events from other applications
-            if delta.data['application'] not in self.applications.keys():
+            if delta.data["application"] not in self.applications.keys():
                 return
 
             try:
 
-                application_name = delta.data['application']
+                application_name = delta.data["application"]
 
-                callback = self.applications[application_name]['callback']
-                callback_args = \
-                    self.applications[application_name]['callback_args']
+                callback = self.applications[application_name]["callback"]
+                callback_args = self.applications[application_name]["callback_args"]
 
                 if old and new:
                     # Fire off a callback with the application state
                     if callback:
                         callback(
                             self.ns_name,
-                            delta.data['application'],
+                            delta.data["application"],
                             new.workload_status,
                             new.workload_status_message,
-                            *callback_args)
+                            *callback_args,
+                        )
 
                 if old and not new:
                     # This is a charm being removed
                     if callback:
                         callback(
                             self.ns_name,
-                            delta.data['application'],
+                            delta.data["application"],
                             "removed",
                             "",
-                            *callback_args)
+                            *callback_args,
+                        )
             except Exception as e:
                 self.log.debug("[1] notify_callback exception: {}".format(e))
 
@@ -128,6 +156,7 @@ class VCAMonitor(ModelObserver):
 
             pass
 
+
 ########
 # TODO
 #
@@ -136,30 +165,49 @@ class VCAMonitor(ModelObserver):
 
 
 class N2VC:
-    def __init__(self,
-                 log=None,
-                 server='127.0.0.1',
-                 port=17070,
-                 user='admin',
-                 secret=None,
-                 artifacts=None,
-                 loop=None,
-                 ):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        log=None,
+        server="127.0.0.1",
+        port=17070,
+        user="admin",
+        secret=None,
+        artifacts=None,
+        loop=None,
+        juju_public_key=None,
+        ca_cert=None,
+        api_proxy=None,
+    ):
         """Initialize N2VC
 
-        :param vcaconfig dict A dictionary containing the VCA configuration
+        Initializes the N2VC object, allowing the caller to interoperate with the VCA.
+
 
-        :param artifacts str The directory where charms required by a vnfd are
+        :param log obj: The logging object to log to
+        :param server str: The IP Address or Hostname of the Juju controller
+        :param port int: The port of the Juju Controller
+        :param user str: The Juju username to authenticate with
+        :param secret str: The Juju password to authenticate with
+        :param artifacts str: The directory where charms required by a vnfd are
             stored.
+        :param loop obj: The loop to use.
+        :param juju_public_key str: The contents of the Juju public SSH key
+        :param ca_cert str: The CA certificate to use to authenticate
+        :param api_proxy str: The IP of the host machine
 
         :Example:
-        n2vc = N2VC(vcaconfig={
-            'secret': 'MzI3MDJhOTYxYmM0YzRjNTJiYmY1Yzdm',
-            'user': 'admin',
-            'ip-address': '10.44.127.137',
-            'port': 17070,
-            'artifacts': '/path/to/charms'
-        })
+        client = n2vc.vnf.N2VC(
+            log=log,
+            server='10.1.1.28',
+            port=17070,
+            user='admin',
+            secret='admin',
+            artifacts='/app/storage/myvnf/charms',
+            loop=loop,
+            juju_public_key='<contents of the juju public key>',
+            ca_cert='<contents of CA certificate>',
+            api_proxy='192.168.1.155'
+        )
         """
 
         # Initialize instance-level variables
@@ -168,15 +216,20 @@ class N2VC:
         self.controller = None
         self.connecting = False
         self.authenticated = False
+        self.api_proxy = api_proxy
+
+        if log:
+            self.log = log
+        else:
+            self.log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
         # For debugging
         self.refcount = {
-            'controller': 0,
-            'model': 0,
+            "controller": 0,
+            "model": 0,
         }
 
         self.models = {}
-        self.default_model = None
 
         # Model Observers
         self.monitors = {}
@@ -187,29 +240,52 @@ class N2VC:
         self.username = ""
         self.secret = ""
 
-        if log:
-            self.log = log
+        self.juju_public_key = juju_public_key
+        if juju_public_key:
+            self._create_juju_public_key(juju_public_key)
         else:
-            self.log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+            self.juju_public_key = ""
+
+        # TODO: Verify ca_cert is valid before using. VCA will crash
+        # if the ca_cert isn't formatted correctly.
+        def base64_to_cacert(b64string):
+            """Convert the base64-encoded string containing the VCA CACERT.
+
+            The input string....
+
+            """
+            try:
+                cacert = base64.b64decode(b64string).decode("utf-8")
+
+                cacert = re.sub(r"\\n", r"\n", cacert,)
+            except binascii.Error as e:
+                self.log.debug("Caught binascii.Error: {}".format(e))
+                raise n2vc.exceptions.N2VCInvalidCertificate("Invalid CA Certificate")
+
+            return cacert
+
+        self.ca_cert = None
+        if ca_cert:
+            self.ca_cert = base64_to_cacert(ca_cert)
 
         # Quiet websocket traffic
-        logging.getLogger('websockets.protocol').setLevel(logging.INFO)
-        logging.getLogger('juju.client.connection').setLevel(logging.WARN)
-        logging.getLogger('model').setLevel(logging.WARN)
+        logging.getLogger("websockets.protocol").setLevel(logging.INFO)
+        logging.getLogger("juju.client.connection").setLevel(logging.WARN)
+        logging.getLogger("model").setLevel(logging.WARN)
         # logging.getLogger('websockets.protocol').setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
 
-        self.log.debug('JujuApi: instantiated')
+        self.log.debug("JujuApi: instantiated")
 
         self.server = server
         self.port = port
 
         self.secret = secret
-        if user.startswith('user-'):
+        if user.startswith("user-"):
             self.user = user
         else:
-            self.user = 'user-{}'.format(user)
+            self.user = "user-{}".format(user)
 
-        self.endpoint = '%s:%d' % (server, int(port))
+        self.endpoint = "%s:%d" % (server, int(port))
 
         self.artifacts = artifacts
 
@@ -219,15 +295,42 @@ class N2VC:
         """Close any open connections."""
         yield self.logout()
 
-    def notify_callback(self, model_name, application_name, status, message,
-                        callback=None, *callback_args):
+    def _create_juju_public_key(self, public_key):
+        """Recreate the Juju public key on disk.
+
+        Certain libjuju commands expect to be run from the same machine as Juju
+         is bootstrapped to. This method will write the public key to disk in
+         that location: ~/.local/share/juju/ssh/juju_id_rsa.pub
+        """
+        # Make sure that we have a public key before writing to disk
+        if public_key is None or len(public_key) == 0:
+            if "OSM_VCA_PUBKEY" in os.environ:
+                public_key = os.getenv("OSM_VCA_PUBKEY", "")
+                if len(public_key == 0):
+                    return
+            else:
+                return
+
+        path = "{}/.local/share/juju/ssh".format(os.path.expanduser("~"),)
+        if not os.path.exists(path):
+            os.makedirs(path)
+
+            with open("{}/juju_id_rsa.pub".format(path), "w") as f:
+                f.write(public_key)
+
+    def notify_callback(
+        self,
+        model_name,
+        application_name,
+        status,
+        message,
+        callback=None,
+        *callback_args
+    ):
         try:
             if callback:
                 callback(
-                    model_name,
-                    application_name,
-                    status, message,
-                    *callback_args,
+                    model_name, application_name, status, message, *callback_args,
                 )
         except Exception as e:
             self.log.error("[0] notify_callback exception {}".format(e))
@@ -235,33 +338,113 @@ class N2VC:
         return True
 
     # Public methods
-    async def CreateNetworkService(self, nsd):
-        """Create a new model to encapsulate this network service.
+    async def Relate(self, model_name, vnfd):
+        """Create a relation between the charm-enabled VDUs in a VNF.
 
-        Create a new model in the Juju controller to encapsulate the
-        charms associated with a network service.
+        The Relation mapping has two parts: the id of the vdu owning the endpoint, and
+        the name of the endpoint.
 
-        You can pass either the nsd record or the id of the network
-        service, but this method will fail without one of them.
-        """
-        if not self.authenticated:
-            await self.login()
+        vdu:
+            ...
+            vca-relationships:
+                relation:
+                -   provides: dataVM:db
+                    requires: mgmtVM:app
 
-        # Ideally, we will create a unique model per network service.
-        # This change will require all components, i.e., LCM and SO, to use
-        # N2VC for 100% compatibility. If we adopt unique models for the LCM,
-        # services deployed via LCM would't be manageable via SO and vice versa
+        This tells N2VC that the charm referred to by the dataVM vdu offers a relation
+        named 'db', and the mgmtVM vdu
+        has an 'app' endpoint that should be connected to a database.
 
-        return self.default_model
+        :param str ns_name: The name of the network service.
+        :param dict vnfd: The parsed yaml VNF descriptor.
+        """
 
-    async def DeployCharms(self, model_name, application_name, vnfd,
-                           charm_path, params={}, machine_spec={},
-                           callback=None, *callback_args):
+        # Currently, the call to Relate() is made automatically after the
+        # deployment of each charm; if the relation depends on a charm that
+        # hasn't been deployed yet, the call will fail silently. This will
+        # prevent an API breakage, with the intent of making this an explicitly
+        # required call in a more object-oriented refactor of the N2VC API.
+
+        configs = []
+        vnf_config = vnfd.get("vnf-configuration")
+        if vnf_config:
+            juju = vnf_config["juju"]
+            if juju:
+                configs.append(vnf_config)
+
+        for vdu in vnfd["vdu"]:
+            vdu_config = vdu.get("vdu-configuration")
+            if vdu_config:
+                juju = vdu_config["juju"]
+                if juju:
+                    configs.append(vdu_config)
+
+        def _get_application_name(name):
+            """Get the application name that's mapped to a vnf/vdu."""
+            vnf_member_index = 0
+            vnf_name = vnfd["name"]
+
+            for vdu in vnfd.get("vdu"):
+                # Compare the named portion of the relation to the vdu's id
+                if vdu["id"] == name:
+                    application_name = self.FormatApplicationName(
+                        model_name, vnf_name, str(vnf_member_index),
+                    )
+                    return application_name
+                else:
+                    vnf_member_index += 1
+
+            return None
+
+        # Loop through relations
+        for cfg in configs:
+            if "juju" in cfg:
+                juju = cfg["juju"]
+                if (
+                    "vca-relationships" in juju
+                    and "relation" in juju["vca-relationships"]
+                ):
+                    for rel in juju["vca-relationships"]["relation"]:
+                        try:
+
+                            # get the application name for the provides
+                            (name, endpoint) = rel["provides"].split(":")
+                            application_name = _get_application_name(name)
+
+                            provides = "{}:{}".format(application_name, endpoint)
+
+                            # get the application name for thr requires
+                            (name, endpoint) = rel["requires"].split(":")
+                            application_name = _get_application_name(name)
+
+                            requires = "{}:{}".format(application_name, endpoint)
+                            self.log.debug(
+                                "Relation: {} <-> {}".format(provides, requires)
+                            )
+                            await self.add_relation(
+                                model_name, provides, requires,
+                            )
+                        except Exception as e:
+                            self.log.debug("Exception: {}".format(e))
+
+        return
+
+    async def DeployCharms(
+        self,
+        model_name,
+        application_name,
+        vnfd,
+        charm_path,
+        params={},
+        machine_spec={},
+        callback=None,
+        *callback_args
+    ):
         """Deploy one or more charms associated with a VNF.
 
         Deploy the charm(s) referenced in a VNF Descriptor.
 
-        :param str model_name: The name of the network service.
+        :param str model_name: The name or unique id of the network service.
         :param str application_name: The name of the application
         :param dict vnfd: The name of the application
         :param str charm_path: The path to the Juju charm
@@ -271,6 +454,9 @@ class N2VC:
             'rw_mgmt_ip': '1.2.3.4',
             # Pass the initial-config-primitives section of the vnf or vdu
             'initial-config-primitives': {...}
+            'user_values': dictionary with the day-1 parameters provided at
+                instantiation time. It will replace values
+                inside < >. rw_mgmt_ip will be included here also
           }
         :param dict machine_spec: A dictionary describing the machine to
         install to
@@ -292,6 +478,7 @@ class N2VC:
             self.notify_callback(
                 model_name,
                 application_name,
+                "error",
                 "failed",
                 callback,
                 *callback_args,
@@ -308,9 +495,6 @@ class N2VC:
         ##########################################
         # Get the model for this network service #
         ##########################################
-        # TODO: In a point release, we will use a model per deployed network
-        # service. In the meantime, we will always use the 'default' model.
-        model_name = 'default'
         model = await self.get_model(model_name)
 
         ########################################
@@ -318,62 +502,106 @@ class N2VC:
         ########################################
         app = await self.get_application(model, application_name)
         if app:
-            raise JujuApplicationExists("Can't deploy application \"{}\" to model \"{}\" because it already exists.".format(application_name, model_name))
+            raise JujuApplicationExists(
+                (
+                    'Can\'t deploy application "{}" to model '
+                    ' "{}" because it already exists.'
+                ).format(application_name, model_name)
+            )
 
         ################################################################
         # Register this application with the model-level event monitor #
         ################################################################
         if callback:
-            self.monitors[model_name].AddApplication(
-                application_name,
-                callback,
-                *callback_args
+            self.log.debug(
+                "JujuApi: Registering callback for {}".format(application_name,)
             )
+            await self.Subscribe(model_name, application_name, callback, *callback_args)
+
+        #######################################
+        # Get the initial charm configuration #
+        #######################################
+
+        rw_mgmt_ip = None
+        if "rw_mgmt_ip" in params:
+            rw_mgmt_ip = params["rw_mgmt_ip"]
+
+        if "initial-config-primitive" not in params:
+            params["initial-config-primitive"] = {}
+
+        initial_config = self._get_config_from_dict(
+            params["initial-config-primitive"], {"<rw_mgmt_ip>": rw_mgmt_ip}
+        )
 
         ########################################################
         # Check for specific machine placement (native charms) #
         ########################################################
         to = ""
+        series = "xenial"
+
         if machine_spec.keys():
-            if all(k in machine_spec for k in ['hostname', 'username']):
-                # Get the path to the previously generated ssh private key.
-                # Machines we're manually provisioned must have N2VC's public
-                # key injected, so if we don't have a keypair, raise an error.
-                private_key_path = ""
-
-                # Enlist the existing machine in Juju
-                machine = await self.model.add_machine(
-                    spec='ssh:{}@{}:{}'.format(
-                        specs['host'],
-                        specs['user'],
-                        private_key_path,
+            if all(k in machine_spec for k in ["hostname", "username"]):
+
+                # Allow series to be derived from the native charm
+                series = None
+
+                self.log.debug(
+                    "Provisioning manual machine {}@{}".format(
+                        machine_spec["username"], machine_spec["hostname"],
                     )
                 )
-                # Set the machine id that the deploy below will use.
-                to = machine.id
-            pass
 
-        #######################################
-        # Get the initial charm configuration #
-        #######################################
+                """Native Charm support
+
+                Taking a bare VM (assumed to be an Ubuntu cloud image),
+                the provisioning process will:
+                - Create an ubuntu user w/sudo access
+                - Detect hardware
+                - Detect architecture
+                - Download and install Juju agent from controller
+                - Enable Juju agent
+                - Add an iptables rule to route traffic to the API proxy
+                """
+
+                to = await self.provision_machine(
+                    model_name=model_name,
+                    username=machine_spec["username"],
+                    hostname=machine_spec["hostname"],
+                    private_key_path=self.GetPrivateKeyPath(),
+                )
+                self.log.debug("Provisioned machine id {}".format(to))
 
-        rw_mgmt_ip = None
-        if 'rw_mgmt_ip' in params:
-            rw_mgmt_ip = params['rw_mgmt_ip']
+                # TODO: If to is none, raise an exception
 
-        if 'initial-config-primitive' not in params:
-            params['initial-config-primitive'] = {}
+                # The native charm won't have the sshproxy layer, typically, but LCM
+                # uses the config primitive
+                # to interpret what the values are. That's a gap to fill.
 
-        initial_config = self._get_config_from_dict(
-            params['initial-config-primitive'],
-            {'<rw_mgmt_ip>': rw_mgmt_ip}
-        )
+                """
+                The ssh-* config parameters are unique to the sshproxy layer,
+                which most native charms will not be aware of.
 
-        self.log.debug("JujuApi: Deploying charm ({}) from {}".format(
-            application_name,
-            charm_path,
-            to=to,
-        ))
+                Setting invalid config parameters will cause the deployment to
+                fail.
+
+                For the moment, we will strip the ssh-* parameters from native
+                charms, until the feature gap is addressed in the information
+                model.
+                """
+
+                # Native charms don't include the ssh-* config values, so strip them
+                # from the initial_config, otherwise the deploy will raise an error.
+                # self.log.debug("Removing ssh-* from initial-config")
+                for k in ["ssh-hostname", "ssh-username", "ssh-password"]:
+                    if k in initial_config:
+                        self.log.debug("Removing parameter {}".format(k))
+                        del initial_config[k]
+
+        self.log.debug(
+            "JujuApi: Deploying charm ({}/{}) from {} to {}".format(
+                model_name, application_name, charm_path, to,
+            )
+        )
 
         ########################################################
         # Deploy the charm and apply the initial configuration #
@@ -386,21 +614,34 @@ class N2VC:
             application_name=application_name,
             # Proxy charms should use the current LTS. This will need to be
             # changed for native charms.
-            series='xenial',
+            series=series,
             # Apply the initial 'config' primitive during deployment
             config=initial_config,
             # Where to deploy the charm to.
             to=to,
         )
 
+        #############################
+        # Map the vdu id<->app name #
+        #############################
+        try:
+            await self.Relate(model_name, vnfd)
+        except KeyError as ex:
+            # We don't currently support relations between NS and VNF/VDU charms
+            self.log.warn("[N2VC] Relations not supported: {}".format(ex))
+        except Exception:
+            # This may happen if not all of the charms needed by the relation
+            # are ready. We can safely ignore this, because Relate will be
+            # retried when the endpoint of the relation is deployed.
+            self.log.warn("[N2VC] Relations not ready")
+
         # #######################################
         # # Execute initial config primitive(s) #
         # #######################################
-        await self.ExecuteInitialPrimitives(
-            model_name,
-            application_name,
-            params,
+        uuids = await self.ExecuteInitialPrimitives(
+            model_name, application_name, params,
         )
+        return uuids
 
         # primitives = {}
         #
@@ -453,9 +694,6 @@ class N2VC:
             if not self.authenticated:
                 await self.login()
 
-            # FIXME: This is hard-coded until model-per-ns is added
-            model_name = 'default'
-
             model = await self.get_model(model_name)
 
             results = await model.get_action_status(uuid)
@@ -481,9 +719,6 @@ class N2VC:
             if not self.authenticated:
                 await self.login()
 
-            # FIXME: This is hard-coded until model-per-ns is added
-            model_name = 'default'
-
             model = await self.get_model(model_name)
             results = await model.get_action_output(uuid, 60)
         except Exception as e:
@@ -523,7 +758,7 @@ class N2VC:
     #         raise N2VCPrimitiveExecutionFailed(e)
 
     def GetPrivateKeyPath(self):
-        homedir = os.environ['HOME']
+        homedir = os.environ["HOME"]
         sshdir = "{}/.ssh".format(homedir)
         private_key_path = "{}/id_n2vc_rsa".format(sshdir)
         return private_key_path
@@ -539,10 +774,10 @@ class N2VC:
         Juju, after which Juju will communicate with the VM directly via the
         juju agent.
         """
-        public_key = ""
+        public_key = ""
 
         # Find the path to where we expect our key to live.
-        homedir = os.environ['HOME']
+        homedir = os.environ["HOME"]
         sshdir = "{}/.ssh".format(homedir)
         if not os.path.exists(sshdir):
             os.mkdir(sshdir)
@@ -553,9 +788,7 @@ class N2VC:
         # If we don't have a key generated, generate it.
         if not os.path.exists(private_key_path):
             cmd = "ssh-keygen -t {} -b {} -N '' -f {}".format(
-                "rsa",
-                "4096",
-                private_key_path
+                "rsa", "4096", private_key_path
             )
             subprocess.check_output(shlex.split(cmd))
 
@@ -565,8 +798,9 @@ class N2VC:
 
         return public_key
 
-    async def ExecuteInitialPrimitives(self, model_name, application_name,
-                                       params, callback=None, *callback_args):
+    async def ExecuteInitialPrimitives(
+        self, model_name, application_name, params, callback=None, *callback_args
+    ):
         """Execute multiple primitives.
 
         Execute multiple primitives as declared in initial-config-primitive.
@@ -578,50 +812,76 @@ class N2VC:
         primitives = {}
 
         # Build a sequential list of the primitives to execute
-        for primitive in params['initial-config-primitive']:
+        for primitive in params["initial-config-primitive"]:
             try:
-                if primitive['name'] == 'config':
+                if primitive["name"] == "config":
                     pass
                 else:
-                    seq = primitive['seq']
+                    seq = primitive["seq"]
 
-                    params = {}
-                    if 'parameter' in primitive:
-                        params = primitive['parameter']
+                    params_ = {}
+                    if "parameter" in primitive:
+                        params_ = primitive["parameter"]
+
+                    user_values = params.get("user_values", {})
+                    if "rw_mgmt_ip" not in user_values:
+                        user_values["rw_mgmt_ip"] = None
+                        # just for backward compatibility, because it will be provided
+                        # always by modern version of LCM
 
                     primitives[seq] = {
-                        'name': primitive['name'],
-                        'parameters': self._map_primitive_parameters(
-                            params,
-                            {'<rw_mgmt_ip>': None}
+                        "name": primitive["name"],
+                        "parameters": self._map_primitive_parameters(
+                            params_, user_values
                         ),
                     }
 
                     for primitive in sorted(primitives):
-                        uuids.append(
-                            await self.ExecutePrimitive(
-                                model_name,
-                                application_name,
-                                primitives[primitive]['name'],
-                                callback,
-                                callback_args,
-                                **primitives[primitive]['parameters'],
+                        try:
+                            # self.log.debug("Queuing action {}".format(
+                            # primitives[primitive]['name']))
+                            uuids.append(
+                                await self.ExecutePrimitive(
+                                    model_name,
+                                    application_name,
+                                    primitives[primitive]["name"],
+                                    callback,
+                                    callback_args,
+                                    **primitives[primitive]["parameters"],
+                                )
                             )
-                        )
+                        except PrimitiveDoesNotExist as e:
+                            self.log.debug(
+                                "Ignoring exception PrimitiveDoesNotExist: {}".format(e)
+                            )
+                            pass
+                        except Exception as e:
+                            self.log.debug(
+                                (
+                                    "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Unexpected exception: {}"
+                                ).format(e)
+                            )
+                            raise e
+
             except N2VCPrimitiveExecutionFailed as e:
-                self.log.debug(
-                    "[N2VC] Exception executing primitive: {}".format(e)
-                )
+                self.log.debug("[N2VC] Exception executing primitive: {}".format(e))
                 raise
         return uuids
 
-    async def ExecutePrimitive(self, model_name, application_name, primitive,
-                               callback, *callback_args, **params):
+    async def ExecutePrimitive(
+        self,
+        model_name,
+        application_name,
+        primitive,
+        callback,
+        *callback_args,
+        **params
+    ):
         """Execute a primitive of a charm for Day 1 or Day 2 configuration.
 
         Execute a primitive defined in the VNF descriptor.
 
-        :param str model_name: The name of the network service.
+        :param str model_name: The name or unique id of the network service.
         :param str application_name: The name of the application
         :param str primitive: The name of the primitive to execute.
         :param obj callback: A callback function to receive status changes.
@@ -636,41 +896,47 @@ class N2VC:
             'initial-config-primitives': {...}
           }
         """
-        self.log.debug("Executing {}".format(primitive))
+        self.log.debug("Executing primitive={} params={}".format(primitive, params))
         uuid = None
         try:
             if not self.authenticated:
                 await self.login()
 
-            # FIXME: This is hard-coded until model-per-ns is added
-            model_name = 'default'
-
             model = await self.get_model(model_name)
 
-            if primitive == 'config':
+            if primitive == "config":
                 # config is special, and expecting params to be a dictionary
                 await self.set_config(
-                    model,
-                    application_name,
-                    params['params'],
+                    model, application_name, params["params"],
                 )
             else:
                 app = await self.get_application(model, application_name)
                 if app:
+                    # Does this primitive exist?
+                    actions = await app.get_actions()
+
+                    if primitive not in actions.keys():
+                        raise PrimitiveDoesNotExist(
+                            "Primitive {} does not exist".format(primitive)
+                        )
+
                     # Run against the first (and probably only) unit in the app
                     unit = app.units[0]
                     if unit:
                         action = await unit.run_action(primitive, **params)
                         uuid = action.id
+        except PrimitiveDoesNotExist as e:
+            # Catch and raise this exception if it's thrown from the inner block
+            raise e
         except Exception as e:
-            self.log.debug(
-                "Caught exception while executing primitive: {}".format(e)
-            )
+            # An unexpected exception was caught
+            self.log.debug("Caught exception while executing primitive: {}".format(e))
             raise N2VCPrimitiveExecutionFailed(e)
         return uuid
 
-    async def RemoveCharms(self, model_name, application_name, callback=None,
-                           *callback_args):
+    async def RemoveCharms(
+        self, model_name, application_name, callback=None, *callback_args
+    ):
         """Remove a charm from the VCA.
 
         Remove a charm referenced in a VNF Descriptor.
@@ -689,19 +955,20 @@ class N2VC:
             app = await self.get_application(model, application_name)
             if app:
                 # Remove this application from event monitoring
-                self.monitors[model_name].RemoveApplication(application_name)
+                await self.Unsubscribe(model_name, application_name)
 
-                # self.notify_callback(model_name, application_name, "removing", callback, *callback_args)
-                self.log.debug(
-                    "Removing the application {}".format(application_name)
-                )
+                # self.notify_callback(model_name, application_name, "removing",
+                # callback, *callback_args)
+                self.log.debug("Removing the application {}".format(application_name))
                 await app.remove()
 
-                # Notify the callback that this charm has been removed.
+                # await self.disconnect_model(self.monitors[model_name])
+
                 self.notify_callback(
                     model_name,
                     application_name,
                     "removed",
+                    "Removing charm {}".format(application_name),
                     callback,
                     *callback_args,
                 )
@@ -711,13 +978,103 @@ class N2VC:
             self.log.debug(e)
             raise e
 
-    async def DestroyNetworkService(self, nsd):
-        raise NotImplementedError()
+    async def CreateNetworkService(self, ns_uuid):
+        """Create a new Juju model for the Network Service.
+
+        Creates a new Model in the Juju Controller.
+
+        :param str ns_uuid: A unique id representing an instaance of a
+            Network Service.
+
+        :returns: True if the model was created. Raises JujuError on failure.
+        """
+        if not self.authenticated:
+            await self.login()
+
+        models = await self.controller.list_models()
+        if ns_uuid not in models:
+            # Get the new model
+            await self.get_model(ns_uuid)
+
+        return True
+
+    async def DestroyNetworkService(self, ns_uuid):
+        """Destroy a Network Service.
+
+        Destroy the Network Service and any deployed charms.
+
+        :param ns_uuid The unique id of the Network Service
+
+        :returns: True if the model was created. Raises JujuError on failure.
+        """
+
+        # Do not delete the default model. The default model was used by all
+        # Network Services, prior to the implementation of a model per NS.
+        if ns_uuid.lower() == "default":
+            return False
+
+        if not self.authenticated:
+            await self.login()
+
+        models = await self.controller.list_models()
+        if ns_uuid in models:
+            model = await self.controller.get_model(ns_uuid)
+
+            for application in model.applications:
+                app = model.applications[application]
+
+                await self.RemoveCharms(ns_uuid, application)
+
+                self.log.debug("Unsubscribing Watcher for {}".format(application))
+                await self.Unsubscribe(ns_uuid, application)
+
+                self.log.debug("Waiting for application to terminate")
+                timeout = 30
+                try:
+                    await model.block_until(
+                        lambda: all(
+                            unit.workload_status in ["terminated"] for unit in app.units
+                        ),
+                        timeout=timeout,
+                    )
+                except Exception:
+                    self.log.debug(
+                        "Timed out waiting for {} to terminate.".format(application)
+                    )
+
+            for machine in model.machines:
+                try:
+                    self.log.debug("Destroying machine {}".format(machine))
+                    await model.machines[machine].destroy(force=True)
+                except JujuAPIError as e:
+                    if "does not exist" in str(e):
+                        # Our cached model may be stale, because the machine
+                        # has already been removed. It's safe to continue.
+                        continue
+                    else:
+                        self.log.debug("Caught exception: {}".format(e))
+                        raise e
+
+        # Disconnect from the Model
+        if ns_uuid in self.models:
+            self.log.debug("Disconnecting model {}".format(ns_uuid))
+            # await self.disconnect_model(self.models[ns_uuid])
+            await self.disconnect_model(ns_uuid)
+
+        try:
+            self.log.debug("Destroying model {}".format(ns_uuid))
+            await self.controller.destroy_models(ns_uuid)
+        except JujuError:
+            raise NetworkServiceDoesNotExist(
+                "The Network Service '{}' does not exist".format(ns_uuid)
+            )
+
+        return True
 
     async def GetMetrics(self, model_name, application_name):
         """Get the metrics collected by the VCA.
 
-        :param model_name The name of the model
+        :param model_name The name or unique id of the network service
         :param application_name The name of the application
         """
         metrics = {}
@@ -735,24 +1092,55 @@ class N2VC:
             return True
         return False
 
+    async def Subscribe(self, ns_name, application_name, callback, *callback_args):
+        """Subscribe to callbacks for an application.
+
+        :param ns_name str: The name of the Network Service
+        :param application_name str: The name of the application
+        :param callback obj: The callback method
+        :param callback_args list: The list of arguments to append to calls to
+            the callback method
+        """
+        self.monitors[ns_name].AddApplication(
+            application_name, callback, *callback_args
+        )
+
+    async def Unsubscribe(self, ns_name, application_name):
+        """Unsubscribe to callbacks for an application.
+
+        Unsubscribes the caller from notifications from a deployed application.
+
+        :param ns_name str: The name of the Network Service
+        :param application_name str: The name of the application
+        """
+        self.monitors[ns_name].RemoveApplication(application_name,)
+
     # Non-public methods
-    async def add_relation(self, a, b, via=None):
+    async def add_relation(self, model_name, relation1, relation2):
         """
         Add a relation between two application endpoints.
 
-        :param a An application endpoint
-        :param b An application endpoint
-        :param via The egress subnet(s) for outbound traffic, e.g.,
-            (192.168.0.0/16,10.0.0.0/8)
+        :param str model_name: The name or unique id of the network service
+        :param str relation1: '<application>[:<relation_name>]'
+        :param str relation2: '<application>[:<relation_name>]'
         """
+
         if not self.authenticated:
             await self.login()
 
-        m = await self.get_model()
+        m = await self.get_model(model_name)
         try:
-            m.add_relation(a, b, via)
-        finally:
-            await m.disconnect()
+            await m.add_relation(relation1, relation2)
+        except JujuAPIError as e:
+            # If one of the applications in the relationship doesn't exist,
+            # or the relation has already been added, let the operation fail
+            # silently.
+            if "not found" in e.message:
+                return
+            if "already exists" in e.message:
+                return
+
+            raise e
 
     # async def apply_config(self, config, application):
     #     """Apply a configuration to the application."""
@@ -772,55 +1160,79 @@ class N2VC:
         """
         config = {}
         for primitive in config_primitive:
-            if primitive['name'] == 'config':
+            if primitive["name"] == "config":
                 # config = self._map_primitive_parameters()
-                for parameter in primitive['parameter']:
-                    param = str(parameter['name'])
-                    if parameter['value'] == "<rw_mgmt_ip>":
-                        config[param] = str(values[parameter['value']])
+                for parameter in primitive["parameter"]:
+                    param = str(parameter["name"])
+                    if parameter["value"] == "<rw_mgmt_ip>":
+                        config[param] = str(values[parameter["value"]])
                     else:
-                        config[param] = str(parameter['value'])
+                        config[param] = str(parameter["value"])
 
         return config
 
-    def _map_primitive_parameters(self, parameters, values):
+    def _map_primitive_parameters(self, parameters, user_values):
         params = {}
         for parameter in parameters:
-            param = str(parameter['name'])
+            param = str(parameter["name"])
+            value = parameter.get("value")
+
+            # map parameters inside a < >; e.g. <rw_mgmt_ip>. with the provided user
+            # _values.
+            # Must exist at user_values except if there is a default value
+            if isinstance(value, str) and value.startswith("<") and value.endswith(">"):
+                if parameter["value"][1:-1] in user_values:
+                    value = user_values[parameter["value"][1:-1]]
+                elif "default-value" in parameter:
+                    value = parameter["default-value"]
+                else:
+                    raise KeyError(
+                        "parameter {}='{}' not supplied ".format(param, value)
+                    )
+
+            # If there's no value, use the default-value (if set)
+            if value is None and "default-value" in parameter:
+                value = parameter["default-value"]
 
             # Typecast parameter value, if present
-            if 'data-type' in parameter:
-                paramtype = str(parameter['data-type']).lower()
-                value = None
-
-                if paramtype == "integer":
-                    value = int(parameter['value'])
-                elif paramtype == "boolean":
-                    value = bool(parameter['value'])
+            paramtype = "string"
+            try:
+                if "data-type" in parameter:
+                    paramtype = str(parameter["data-type"]).lower()
+
+                    if paramtype == "integer":
+                        value = int(value)
+                    elif paramtype == "boolean":
+                        value = bool(value)
+                    else:
+                        value = str(value)
                 else:
-                    value = str(parameter['value'])
+                    # If there's no data-type, assume the value is a string
+                    value = str(value)
+            except ValueError:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "parameter {}='{}' cannot be converted to type {}".format(
+                        param, value, paramtype
+                    )
+                )
 
-            if parameter['value'] == "<rw_mgmt_ip>":
-                params[param] = str(values[parameter['value']])
-            else:
-                params[param] = value
+            params[param] = value
         return params
 
     def _get_config_from_yang(self, config_primitive, values):
         """Transform the yang config primitive to dict."""
         config = {}
         for primitive in config_primitive.values():
-            if primitive['name'] == 'config':
-                for parameter in primitive['parameter'].values():
-                    param = str(parameter['name'])
-                    if parameter['value'] == "<rw_mgmt_ip>":
-                        config[param] = str(values[parameter['value']])
+            if primitive["name"] == "config":
+                for parameter in primitive["parameter"].values():
+                    param = str(parameter["name"])
+                    if parameter["value"] == "<rw_mgmt_ip>":
+                        config[param] = str(values[parameter["value"]])
                     else:
-                        config[param] = str(parameter['value'])
+                        config[param] = str(parameter["value"])
 
         return config
 
-    @staticmethod
     def FormatApplicationName(self, *args):
         """
         Generate a Juju-compatible Application name
@@ -836,7 +1248,6 @@ class N2VC:
 
             FormatApplicationName("ping_pong_ns", "ping_vnf", "a")
         """
-
         appname = ""
         for c in "-".join(list(args)):
             if c.isdigit():
@@ -844,7 +1255,7 @@ class N2VC:
             elif not c.isalpha():
                 c = "-"
             appname += c
-        return re.sub('\-+', '-', appname.lower())
+        return re.sub("-+", "-", appname.lower())
 
     # def format_application_name(self, nsd_name, vnfr_name, member_vnf_index=0):
     #     """Format the name of the application
@@ -869,7 +1280,7 @@ class N2VC:
         Model names may only contain lowercase letters, digits and hyphens
         """
 
-        return name.replace('_', '-').lower()
+        return name.replace("_", "-").lower()
 
     async def get_application(self, model, application):
         """Get the deployed application."""
@@ -884,7 +1295,7 @@ class N2VC:
 
         return app
 
-    async def get_model(self, model_name='default'):
+    async def get_model(self, model_name):
         """Get a model from the Juju Controller.
 
         Note: Model objects returned must call disconnected() before it goes
@@ -893,16 +1304,37 @@ class N2VC:
             await self.login()
 
         if model_name not in self.models:
-            self.models[model_name] = await self.controller.get_model(
-                model_name,
-            )
-            self.refcount['model'] += 1
+            # Get the models in the controller
+            models = await self.controller.list_models()
+
+            if model_name not in models:
+                try:
+                    self.models[model_name] = await self.controller.add_model(
+                        model_name, config={"authorized-keys": self.juju_public_key}
+                    )
+                except JujuError as e:
+                    if "already exists" not in e.message:
+                        raise e
+            else:
+                self.models[model_name] = await self.controller.get_model(model_name)
+
+            self.refcount["model"] += 1
 
             # Create an observer for this model
+            await self.create_model_monitor(model_name)
+
+        return self.models[model_name]
+
+    async def create_model_monitor(self, model_name):
+        """Create a monitor for the model, if none exists."""
+        if not self.authenticated:
+            await self.login()
+
+        if model_name not in self.monitors:
             self.monitors[model_name] = VCAMonitor(model_name)
             self.models[model_name].add_observer(self.monitors[model_name])
 
-        return self.models[model_name]
+        return True
 
     async def login(self):
         """Login to the Juju controller."""
@@ -914,25 +1346,26 @@ class N2VC:
 
         self.log.debug("JujuApi: Logging into controller")
 
-        cacert = None
         self.controller = Controller(loop=self.loop)
 
         if self.secret:
             self.log.debug(
-                "Connecting to controller... ws://{}:{} as {}/{}".format(
-                    self.endpoint,
-                    self.port,
-                    self.user,
-                    self.secret,
+                "Connecting to controller... ws://{} as {}/{}".format(
+                    self.endpoint, self.user, self.secret,
                 )
             )
-            await self.controller.connect(
-                endpoint=self.endpoint,
-                username=self.user,
-                password=self.secret,
-                cacert=cacert,
-            )
-            self.refcount['controller'] += 1
+            try:
+                await self.controller.connect(
+                    endpoint=self.endpoint,
+                    username=self.user,
+                    password=self.secret,
+                    cacert=self.ca_cert,
+                )
+                self.refcount["controller"] += 1
+                self.authenticated = True
+                self.log.debug("JujuApi: Logged into controller")
+            except Exception as ex:
+                self.log.debug("Caught exception: {}".format(ex))
         else:
             # current_controller no longer exists
             # self.log.debug("Connecting to current controller...")
@@ -943,35 +1376,21 @@ class N2VC:
             #     cacert=cacert,
             # )
             self.log.fatal("VCA credentials not configured.")
-
-        self.authenticated = True
-        self.log.debug("JujuApi: Logged into controller")
+            self.authenticated = False
 
     async def logout(self):
         """Logout of the Juju controller."""
         if not self.authenticated:
-            return
+            return False
 
         try:
-            if self.default_model:
-                self.log.debug("Disconnecting model {}".format(
-                    self.default_model
-                ))
-                await self.default_model.disconnect()
-                self.refcount['model'] -= 1
-                self.default_model = None
-
             for model in self.models:
-                await self.models[model].disconnect()
-                self.refcount['model'] -= 1
-                self.models[model] = None
+                await self.disconnect_model(model)
 
             if self.controller:
-                self.log.debug("Disconnecting controller {}".format(
-                    self.controller
-                ))
+                self.log.debug("Disconnecting controller {}".format(self.controller))
                 await self.controller.disconnect()
-                self.refcount['controller'] -= 1
+                self.refcount["controller"] -= 1
                 self.controller = None
 
             self.authenticated = False
@@ -979,10 +1398,87 @@ class N2VC:
             self.log.debug(self.refcount)
 
         except Exception as e:
-            self.log.fatal(
-                "Fatal error logging out of Juju Controller: {}".format(e)
-            )
+            self.log.fatal("Fatal error logging out of Juju Controller: {}".format(e))
             raise e
+        return True
+
+    async def disconnect_model(self, model):
+        self.log.debug("Disconnecting model {}".format(model))
+        if model in self.models:
+            try:
+                await self.models[model].disconnect()
+                self.refcount["model"] -= 1
+                self.models[model] = None
+            except Exception as e:
+                self.log.debug("Caught exception: {}".format(e))
+
+    async def provision_machine(
+        self, model_name: str, hostname: str, username: str, private_key_path: str
+    ) -> int:
+        """Provision a machine.
+
+        This executes the SSH provisioner, which will log in to a machine via
+        SSH and prepare it for use with the Juju model
+
+        :param model_name str: The name of the model
+        :param hostname str: The IP or hostname of the target VM
+        :param user str: The username to login to
+        :param private_key_path str: The path to the private key that's been injected
+            to the VM via cloud-init
+        :return machine_id int: Returns the id of the machine or None if provisioning
+            fails
+        """
+        if not self.authenticated:
+            await self.login()
+
+        machine_id = None
+
+        if self.api_proxy:
+            self.log.debug(
+                "Instantiating SSH Provisioner for {}@{} ({})".format(
+                    username, hostname, private_key_path
+                )
+            )
+            provisioner = SSHProvisioner(
+                host=hostname,
+                user=username,
+                private_key_path=private_key_path,
+                log=self.log,
+            )
+
+            params = None
+            try:
+                params = provisioner.provision_machine()
+            except Exception as ex:
+                self.log.debug("caught exception from provision_machine: {}".format(ex))
+                return None
+
+            if params:
+                params.jobs = ["JobHostUnits"]
+
+                model = await self.get_model(model_name)
+
+                connection = model.connection()
+
+                # Submit the request.
+                self.log.debug("Adding machine to model")
+                client_facade = client.ClientFacade.from_connection(connection)
+                results = await client_facade.AddMachines(params=[params])
+                error = results.machines[0].error
+                if error:
+                    raise ValueError("Error adding machine: %s" % error.message)
+
+                machine_id = results.machines[0].machine
+
+                # Need to run this after AddMachines has been called,
+                # as we need the machine_id
+                self.log.debug("Installing Juju agent")
+                await provisioner.install_agent(
+                    connection, params.nonce, machine_id, self.api_proxy,
+                )
+        else:
+            self.log.debug("Missing API Proxy")
+        return machine_id
 
     # async def remove_application(self, name):
     #     """Remove the application."""
@@ -1007,40 +1503,37 @@ class N2VC:
         if not self.authenticated:
             await self.login()
 
-        m = await self.get_model()
-        try:
-            m.remove_relation(a, b)
-        finally:
-            await m.disconnect()
+        m = await self.get_model()
+        try:
+        #    m.remove_relation(a, b)
+        finally:
+        #    await m.disconnect()
 
-    async def resolve_error(self, application=None):
+    async def resolve_error(self, model_name, application=None):
         """Resolve units in error state."""
         if not self.authenticated:
             await self.login()
 
-        app = await self.get_application(self.default_model, application)
+        model = await self.get_model(model_name)
+
+        app = await self.get_application(model, application)
         if app:
             self.log.debug(
-                "JujuApi: Resolving errors for application {}".format(
-                    application,
-                )
+                "JujuApi: Resolving errors for application {}".format(application,)
             )
 
-            for unit in app.units:
+            for _ in app.units:
                 app.resolved(retry=True)
 
-    async def run_action(self, application, action_name, **params):
+    async def run_action(self, model_name, application, action_name, **params):
         """Execute an action and return an Action object."""
         if not self.authenticated:
             await self.login()
-        result = {
-            'status': '',
-            'action': {
-                'tag': None,
-                'results': None,
-            }
-        }
-        app = await self.get_application(self.default_model, application)
+        result = {"status": "", "action": {"tag": None, "results": None}}
+
+        model = await self.get_model(model_name)
+
+        app = await self.get_application(model, application)
         if app:
             # We currently only have one unit per application
             # so use the first unit available.
@@ -1048,8 +1541,7 @@ class N2VC:
 
             self.log.debug(
                 "JujuApi: Running Action {} against Application {}".format(
-                    action_name,
-                    application,
+                    action_name, application,
                 )
             )
 
@@ -1058,9 +1550,9 @@ class N2VC:
             # Wait for the action to complete
             await action.wait()
 
-            result['status'] = action.status
-            result['action']['tag'] = action.data['id']
-            result['action']['results'] = action.results
+            result["status"] = action.status
+            result["action"]["tag"] = action.data["id"]
+            result["action"]["results"] = action.results
 
         return result
 
@@ -1071,16 +1563,20 @@ class N2VC:
 
         app = await self.get_application(model_name, application)
         if app:
-            self.log.debug("JujuApi: Setting config for Application {}".format(
-                application,
-            ))
+            self.log.debug(
+                "JujuApi: Setting config for Application {}".format(application,)
+            )
             await app.set_config(config)
 
             # Verify the config is set
             newconf = await app.get_config()
             for key in config:
-                if config[key] != newconf[key]['value']:
-                    self.log.debug("JujuApi: Config not set! Key {} Value {} doesn't match {}".format(key, config[key], newconf[key]))
+                if config[key] != newconf[key]["value"]:
+                    self.log.debug(
+                        (
+                            "JujuApi: Config not set! Key {} Value {} doesn't match {}"
+                        ).format(key, config[key], newconf[key])
+                    )
 
     # async def set_parameter(self, parameter, value, application=None):
     #     """Set a config parameter for a service."""
@@ -1095,34 +1591,29 @@ class N2VC:
     #     return await self.apply_config(
     #         {parameter: value},
     #         application=application,
-        # )
+    # )
 
-    async def wait_for_application(self, model_name, application_name,
-                                   timeout=300):
+    async def wait_for_application(self, model_name, application_name, timeout=300):
         """Wait for an application to become active."""
         if not self.authenticated:
             await self.login()
 
-        # TODO: In a point release, we will use a model per deployed network
-        # service. In the meantime, we will always use the 'default' model.
-        model_name = 'default'
         model = await self.get_model(model_name)
 
         app = await self.get_application(model, application_name)
         self.log.debug("Application: {}".format(app))
-        # app = await self.get_application(model_name, application_name)
         if app:
             self.log.debug(
                 "JujuApi: Waiting {} seconds for Application {}".format(
-                    timeout,
-                    application_name,
+                    timeout, application_name,
                 )
             )
 
             await model.block_until(
                 lambda: all(
-                    unit.agent_status == 'idle' and unit.workload_status in
-                    ['active', 'unknown'] for unit in app.units
+                    unit.agent_status == "idle"
+                    and unit.workload_status in ["active", "unknown"]
+                    for unit in app.units
                 ),
-                timeout=timeout
+                timeout=timeout,
             )