diff --git a/examples/tango_default_cli_topology_2_pop.py b/examples/tango_default_cli_topology_2_pop.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c75e21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/tango_default_cli_topology_2_pop.py
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2018 SONATA-NFV, 5GTANGO and Paderborn University
+# ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+# Neither the name of the SONATA-NFV, 5GTANGO, Paderborn University
+# nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote
+# products derived from this software without specific prior written
+# permission.
+#
+# This work has also been performed in the framework of the 5GTANGO project,
+# funded by the European Commission under Grant number 761493 through
+# the Horizon 2020 and 5G-PPP programmes. The authors would like to
+# acknowledge the contributions of their colleagues of the 5GTANGO
+# partner consortium (www.5gtango.eu).
+import logging
+from mininet.log import setLogLevel
+from emuvim.dcemulator.net import DCNetwork
+from emuvim.api.rest.rest_api_endpoint import RestApiEndpoint
+from emuvim.api.tango import TangoLLCMEndpoint
+
+logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
+setLogLevel('info')  # set Mininet loglevel
+logging.getLogger('werkzeug').setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
+logging.getLogger('5gtango.llcm').setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
+
+
+def create_topology():
+    net = DCNetwork(monitor=False, enable_learning=True)
+    # create two data centers
+    dc1 = net.addDatacenter("dc1")
+    dc2 = net.addDatacenter("dc2")
+    # interconnect data centers
+    net.addLink(dc1, dc2, delay="20ms")
+    # add the command line interface endpoint to the emulated DC (REST API)
+    rapi1 = RestApiEndpoint("0.0.0.0", 5001)
+    rapi1.connectDCNetwork(net)
+    rapi1.connectDatacenter(dc1)
+    rapi1.connectDatacenter(dc2)
+    rapi1.start()
+    # add the 5GTANGO lightweight life cycle manager (LLCM) to the topology
+    llcm1 = TangoLLCMEndpoint("0.0.0.0", 5000, deploy_sap=False)
+    llcm1.connectDatacenter(dc1)
+    llcm1.connectDatacenter(dc2)
+    # run the dummy gatekeeper (in another thread, don't block)
+    llcm1.start()
+    # start the emulation and enter interactive CLI
+    net.start()
+    net.CLI()
+    # when the user types exit in the CLI, we stop the emulator
+    net.stop()
+
+
+def main():
+    create_topology()
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
diff --git a/misc/eu.5gtango.emulator-example-service.0.1.tgo b/misc/eu.5gtango.emulator-example-service.0.1.tgo
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a879139
--- /dev/null
+++ b/misc/eu.5gtango.emulator-example-service.0.1.tgo
Binary files differ
diff --git a/misc/tango-demo-service-project/project.yml b/misc/tango-demo-service-project/project.yml
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9c53a0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/misc/tango-demo-service-project/project.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+descriptor_extension: yml
+version: '0.5'
+files:
+  - path: tango_emulator_example.yml
+    type: application/vnd.5gtango.nsd
+    tags:
+      - eu.5gtango
+  - path: tango_default-vnf0.yml
+    type: application/vnd.5gtango.vnfd
+    tags:
+      - eu.5gtango
+  - path: tango_default-vnf1.yml
+    type: application/vnd.5gtango.vnfd
+    tags:
+      - eu.5gtango
+package:
+  name: emulator-example-service
+  version: '0.1'
+  maintainer: Manuel Peuster (Paderborn University)
+  vendor: eu.5gtango
+  description: >-
+    This is a small example service to showcase how vim-emu can deploy simple
+    5GTANGO network service packages.
diff --git a/misc/tango-demo-service-project/tango_default-vnf0.yml b/misc/tango-demo-service-project/tango_default-vnf0.yml
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b08bb10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/misc/tango-demo-service-project/tango_default-vnf0.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+descriptor_schema: >-
+  https://raw.githubusercontent.com/sonata-nfv/tng-schema/master/function-descriptor/vnfd-schema.yml
+vendor: eu.5gtango
+name: default-vnf0
+version: '0.9'
+author: Manuel Peuster (Paderborn University)
+description: 'A VNF based on ubuntu:trusty'
+virtual_deployment_units:
+  - id: vdu01
+    vm_image: 'ubuntu:trusty'
+    vm_image_format: docker
+    resource_requirements:
+      cpu:
+        vcpus: 1
+      memory:
+        size: 1
+        size_unit: GB
+      storage:
+        size: 10
+        size_unit: GB
+    monitoring_parameters:
+      - name: vm_cpu_perc
+        unit: Percentage
+      - name: vm_mem_pers
+        unit: Percentage
+      - name: vm_net_rx_MB
+        unit: MB
+      - name: vm_net_tx_MB
+        unit: Mbps
+    connection_points:
+      - id: mgmt
+        interface: ipv4
+        type: internal
+      - id: input
+        interface: ipv4
+        type: internal
+      - id: output
+        interface: ipv4
+        type: internal
+connection_points:
+  - id: mgmt
+    interface: ipv4
+    type: management
+  - id: input
+    interface: ipv4
+    type: external
+  - id: output
+    interface: ipv4
+    type: external
+virtual_links:
+  - id: mgmt
+    connectivity_type: E-LAN
+    connection_points_reference:
+      - 'vdu01:mgmt'
+      - mgmt
+    dhcp: true
+  - id: input
+    connectivity_type: E-Line
+    connection_points_reference:
+      - 'vdu01:input'
+      - input
+    dhcp: true
+  - id: output
+    connectivity_type: E-Line
+    connection_points_reference:
+      - 'vdu01:output'
+      - output
+    dhcp: true
diff --git a/misc/tango-demo-service-project/tango_default-vnf1.yml b/misc/tango-demo-service-project/tango_default-vnf1.yml
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7bcecb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/misc/tango-demo-service-project/tango_default-vnf1.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+descriptor_schema: >-
+  https://raw.githubusercontent.com/sonata-nfv/tng-schema/master/function-descriptor/vnfd-schema.yml
+vendor: eu.5gtango
+name: default-vnf1
+version: '0.9'
+author: Manuel Peuster (Paderborn University)
+description: 'A VNF based on ubuntu:trusty'
+virtual_deployment_units:
+  - id: vdu01
+    vm_image: 'ubuntu:trusty'
+    vm_image_format: docker
+    resource_requirements:
+      cpu:
+        vcpus: 1
+      memory:
+        size: 1
+        size_unit: GB
+      storage:
+        size: 10
+        size_unit: GB
+    monitoring_parameters:
+      - name: vm_cpu_perc
+        unit: Percentage
+      - name: vm_mem_pers
+        unit: Percentage
+      - name: vm_net_rx_MB
+        unit: MB
+      - name: vm_net_tx_MB
+        unit: Mbps
+    connection_points:
+      - id: mgmt
+        interface: ipv4
+        type: internal
+      - id: input
+        interface: ipv4
+        type: internal
+      - id: output
+        interface: ipv4
+        type: internal
+connection_points:
+  - id: mgmt
+    interface: ipv4
+    type: management
+  - id: input
+    interface: ipv4
+    type: external
+  - id: output
+    interface: ipv4
+    type: external
+virtual_links:
+  - id: mgmt
+    connectivity_type: E-LAN
+    connection_points_reference:
+      - 'vdu01:mgmt'
+      - mgmt
+    dhcp: true
+  - id: input
+    connectivity_type: E-Line
+    connection_points_reference:
+      - 'vdu01:input'
+      - input
+    dhcp: true
+  - id: output
+    connectivity_type: E-Line
+    connection_points_reference:
+      - 'vdu01:output'
+      - output
+    dhcp: true
diff --git a/misc/tango-demo-service-project/tango_emulator_example.yml b/misc/tango-demo-service-project/tango_emulator_example.yml
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..43f2220
--- /dev/null
+++ b/misc/tango-demo-service-project/tango_emulator_example.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+descriptor_schema: >-
+  https://raw.githubusercontent.com/sonata-nfv/tng-schema/master/service-descriptor/nsd-schema.yml
+vendor: eu.5gtango
+name: emulator_example
+version: '0.9'
+author: Manuel Peuster (Paderborn University)
+description: >-
+  This is a small example service to showcase how vim-emu can deploy simple
+  5GTANGO network service packages.
+network_functions:
+  - vnf_id: vnf0
+    vnf_vendor: eu.5gtango
+    vnf_name: default-vnf0
+    vnf_version: '0.9'
+  - vnf_id: vnf1
+    vnf_name: default-vnf1
+    vnf_vendor: eu.5gtango
+    vnf_version: '0.9'
+connection_points:
+  - id: mgmt
+    interface: ipv4
+    type: management
+  - id: input
+    interface: ipv4
+    type: external
+  - id: output
+    interface: ipv4
+    type: external
+virtual_links:
+  - id: mgmt
+    connectivity_type: E-LAN
+    connection_points_reference:
+      - 'vnf0:mgmt'
+      - 'vnf1:mgmt'
+      - mgmt
+  - id: input-2-vnf0
+    connectivity_type: E-Line
+    connection_points_reference:
+      - input
+      - 'vnf0:input'
+  - id: vnf0-2-vnf1
+    connectivity_type: E-Line
+    connection_points_reference:
+      - 'vnf0:output'
+      - 'vnf1:input'
+  - id: vnf1-2-output
+    connectivity_type: E-Line
+    connection_points_reference:
+      - 'vnf1:output'
+      - output
+forwarding_graphs:
+  - fg_id: fg01
+    number_of_endpoints: 2
+    number_of_virtual_links: 3
+    constituent_virtual_links:
+      - input-2-vnf0
+      - vnf0-2-vnf1
+      - vnf1-2-output
+    constituent_vnfs:
+      - vnf0
+      - vnf1
+    network_forwarding_paths:
+      - fp_id: 'fg01:fp01'
+        policy: none
+        connection_points:
+          - connection_point_ref: input
+            position: 1
+          - connection_point_ref: 'vnf0:input'
+            position: 2
+          - connection_point_ref: 'vnf0:output'
+            position: 3
+          - connection_point_ref: 'vnf1:input'
+            position: 4
+          - connection_point_ref: 'vnf1:output'
+            position: 5
+          - connection_point_ref: output
+            position: 6
diff --git a/src/emuvim/api/tango/__init__.py b/src/emuvim/api/tango/__init__.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3fe6a16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/emuvim/api/tango/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2018 SONATA-NFV, 5GTANGO and Paderborn University
+# ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+# Neither the name of the SONATA-NFV, 5GTANGO, Paderborn University
+# nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote
+# products derived from this software without specific prior written
+# permission.
+#
+# This work has been performed in the framework of the SONATA project,
+# funded by the European Commission under Grant number 671517 through
+# the Horizon 2020 and 5G-PPP programmes. The authors would like to
+# acknowledge the contributions of their colleagues of the SONATA
+# partner consortium (www.sonata-nfv.eu).
+#
+# This work has also been performed in the framework of the 5GTANGO project,
+# funded by the European Commission under Grant number 761493 through
+# the Horizon 2020 and 5G-PPP programmes. The authors would like to
+# acknowledge the contributions of their colleagues of the 5GTANGO
+# partner consortium (www.5gtango.eu).
+import logging
+import threading
+import llcm
+
+
+LOG = logging.getLogger("5gtango.llcm")
+
+
+class TangoLLCMEndpoint(object):
+    """
+    Creates and starts the 5GTANGO lightweight life cycle manager to simply
+    deploy 5GTANGO service packages on the emulator.
+    The code is based on SONATA's dummygatekeeper.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, listenip, port, deploy_sap=False, docker_management=False,
+                 auto_deploy=False, auto_delete=False, sap_vnfd_path=None):
+        self.dcs = {}
+        self.ip = listenip
+        self.port = port
+        llcm.DEPLOY_SAP = deploy_sap
+        llcm.USE_DOCKER_MGMT = docker_management
+        llcm.AUTO_DEPLOY = auto_deploy
+        llcm.AUTO_DELETE = auto_delete
+        llcm.SAP_VNFD = sap_vnfd_path
+        LOG.info("Created 5GTANGO LLCM API endpoint %s" % self)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "%s(%s:%d)" % (self.__class__.__name__, self.ip, self.port)
+
+    def connectDatacenter(self, dc):
+        self.dcs[dc.label] = dc
+        LOG.debug("Connected DC(%s) to API endpoint %s" % (
+            dc, self))
+
+    def start(self):
+        thread = threading.Thread(target=self._api_server_thread, args=())
+        thread.daemon = True
+        thread.start()
+        LOG.info("Started API endpoint %s" % self)
+
+    def _api_server_thread(self):
+        llcm.start_rest_api(self.ip, self.port, self.dcs)
diff --git a/src/emuvim/api/tango/llcm.py b/src/emuvim/api/tango/llcm.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..17dd175
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/emuvim/api/tango/llcm.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1271 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2018 SONATA-NFV, 5GTANGO and Paderborn University
+# ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+# Neither the name of the SONATA-NFV, 5GTANGO, Paderborn University
+# nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote
+# products derived from this software without specific prior written
+# permission.
+#
+# This work has been performed in the framework of the SONATA project,
+# funded by the European Commission under Grant number 671517 through
+# the Horizon 2020 and 5G-PPP programmes. The authors would like to
+# acknowledge the contributions of their colleagues of the SONATA
+# partner consortium (www.sonata-nfv.eu).
+#
+# This work has also been performed in the framework of the 5GTANGO project,
+# funded by the European Commission under Grant number 761493 through
+# the Horizon 2020 and 5G-PPP programmes. The authors would like to
+# acknowledge the contributions of their colleagues of the 5GTANGO
+# partner consortium (www.5gtango.eu).
+import logging
+import os
+import uuid
+import hashlib
+import zipfile
+import yaml
+import threading
+from docker import DockerClient
+from flask import Flask, request
+import flask_restful as fr
+from collections import defaultdict
+import pkg_resources
+from subprocess import Popen
+from random import randint
+import ipaddress
+import copy
+import time
+from functools import reduce
+
+
+LOG = logging.getLogger("5gtango.llcm")
+LOG.setLevel(logging.INFO)
+
+
+GK_STORAGE = "/tmp/vim-emu-tango-llcm/"
+UPLOAD_FOLDER = os.path.join(GK_STORAGE, "uploads/")
+CATALOG_FOLDER = os.path.join(GK_STORAGE, "catalog/")
+
+# Enable Dockerfile build functionality
+BUILD_DOCKERFILE = False
+
+# flag to indicate that we run without the emulator (only the bare API for
+# integration testing)
+GK_STANDALONE_MODE = False
+
+# should a new version of an image be pulled even if its available
+FORCE_PULL = False
+
+# Automatically deploy SAPs (endpoints) of the service as new containers
+# Attention: This is not a configuration switch but a global variable!
+# Don't change its default value.
+DEPLOY_SAP = False
+
+# flag to indicate if we use bidirectional forwarding rules in the
+# automatic chaining process
+BIDIRECTIONAL_CHAIN = False
+
+# override the management interfaces in the descriptors with default
+# docker0 interfaces in the containers
+USE_DOCKER_MGMT = False
+
+# automatically deploy uploaded packages (no need to execute son-access
+# deploy --latest separately)
+AUTO_DEPLOY = False
+
+# and also automatically terminate any other running services
+AUTO_DELETE = False
+
+
+def generate_subnets(prefix, base, subnet_size=50, mask=24):
+    # Generate a list of ipaddress in subnets
+    r = list()
+    for net in range(base, base + subnet_size):
+        subnet = "{0}.{1}.0/{2}".format(prefix, net, mask)
+        r.append(ipaddress.ip_network(unicode(subnet)))
+    return r
+
+
+# private subnet definitions for the generated interfaces
+# 10.10.xxx.0/24
+SAP_SUBNETS = generate_subnets('10.10', 0, subnet_size=50, mask=30)
+# 10.20.xxx.0/30
+ELAN_SUBNETS = generate_subnets('10.20', 0, subnet_size=50, mask=24)
+# 10.30.xxx.0/30
+ELINE_SUBNETS = generate_subnets('10.30', 0, subnet_size=50, mask=30)
+
+# path to the VNFD for the SAP VNF that is deployed as internal SAP point
+SAP_VNFD = None
+
+# Time in seconds to wait for vnf stop scripts to execute fully
+VNF_STOP_WAIT_TIME = 5
+
+
+class OnBoardingException(BaseException):
+    pass
+
+
+class Gatekeeper(object):
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.services = dict()
+        self.dcs = dict()
+        self.net = None
+        # used to generate short names for VNFs (Mininet limitation)
+        self.vnf_counter = 0
+        LOG.info("Initialized 5GTANGO LLCM module.")
+
+    def register_service_package(self, service_uuid, service):
+        """
+        register new service package
+        :param service_uuid
+        :param service object
+        """
+        self.services[service_uuid] = service
+        # lets perform all steps needed to onboard the service
+        service.onboard()
+
+    def get_next_vnf_name(self):
+        self.vnf_counter += 1
+        return "vnf%d" % self.vnf_counter
+
+
+class Service(object):
+    """
+    This class represents a NS uploaded as a *.son package to the
+    dummy gatekeeper.
+    Can have multiple running instances of this service.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self,
+                 service_uuid,
+                 package_file_hash,
+                 package_file_path):
+        self.uuid = service_uuid
+        self.package_file_hash = package_file_hash
+        self.package_file_path = package_file_path
+        self.package_content_path = os.path.join(
+            CATALOG_FOLDER, "services/%s" % self.uuid)
+        self.manifest = None
+        self.nsd = None
+        self.vnfds = dict()
+        self.saps = dict()
+        self.saps_ext = list()
+        self.saps_int = list()
+        self.local_docker_files = dict()
+        self.remote_docker_image_urls = dict()
+        self.instances = dict()
+        # dict to find the vnf_name for any vnf id
+        self.vnf_id2vnf_name = dict()
+
+    def onboard(self):
+        """
+        Do all steps to prepare this service to be instantiated
+        :return:
+        """
+        # 1. extract the contents of the package and store them in our catalog
+        self._unpack_service_package()
+        # 2. read in all descriptor files
+        self._load_package_descriptor()
+        self._load_nsd()
+        self._load_vnfd()
+        if self.nsd is None:
+            raise OnBoardingException("No NSD found.")
+        if len(self.vnfds) < 1:
+            raise OnBoardingException("No VNFDs found.")
+        if DEPLOY_SAP:
+            self._load_saps()
+        # 3. prepare container images (e.g. download or build Dockerfile)
+        if BUILD_DOCKERFILE:
+            self._load_docker_files()
+            self._build_images_from_dockerfiles()
+        else:
+            self._load_docker_urls()
+            self._pull_predefined_dockerimages()
+        LOG.info("On-boarded service: %r" % self.manifest.get("name"))
+
+    def start_service(self):
+        """
+        This methods creates and starts a new service instance.
+        It computes placements, iterates over all VNFDs, and starts
+        each VNFD as a Docker container in the data center selected
+        by the placement algorithm.
+        :return:
+        """
+        LOG.info("Starting service %r" % self.uuid)
+
+        # 1. each service instance gets a new uuid to identify it
+        instance_uuid = str(uuid.uuid4())
+        # build a instances dict (a bit like a NSR :))
+        self.instances[instance_uuid] = dict()
+        self.instances[instance_uuid]["vnf_instances"] = list()
+
+        # 2. compute placement of this service instance (adds DC names to
+        # VNFDs)
+        if not GK_STANDALONE_MODE:
+            # self._calculate_placement(FirstDcPlacement)
+            self._calculate_placement(RoundRobinDcPlacementWithSAPs)
+        # 3. start all vnfds that we have in the service (except SAPs)
+        for vnf_id in self.vnfds:
+            vnfd = self.vnfds[vnf_id]
+            vnfi = None
+            if not GK_STANDALONE_MODE:
+                vnfi = self._start_vnfd(vnfd, vnf_id)
+            self.instances[instance_uuid]["vnf_instances"].append(vnfi)
+
+        # 4. start all SAPs in the service
+        for sap in self.saps:
+            self._start_sap(self.saps[sap], instance_uuid)
+
+        # 5. Deploy E-Line and E_LAN links
+        # Attention: Only done if ""forwarding_graphs" section in NSD exists,
+        # even if "forwarding_graphs" are not used directly.
+        if "virtual_links" in self.nsd and "forwarding_graphs" in self.nsd:
+            vlinks = self.nsd["virtual_links"]
+            # constituent virtual links are not checked
+            # fwd_links = self.nsd["forwarding_graphs"][0]["constituent_virtual_links"]
+            eline_fwd_links = [l for l in vlinks if (
+                l["connectivity_type"] == "E-Line")]
+            elan_fwd_links = [l for l in vlinks if (
+                l["connectivity_type"] == "E-LAN")]
+
+            GK.net.deployed_elines.extend(eline_fwd_links)
+            GK.net.deployed_elans.extend(elan_fwd_links)
+
+            # 5a. deploy E-Line links
+            self._connect_elines(eline_fwd_links, instance_uuid)
+
+            # 5b. deploy E-LAN links
+            self._connect_elans(elan_fwd_links, instance_uuid)
+
+        # 6. run the emulator specific entrypoint scripts in the VNFIs of this
+        # service instance
+        self._trigger_emulator_start_scripts_in_vnfis(
+            self.instances[instance_uuid]["vnf_instances"])
+
+        LOG.info("Service started. Instance id: %r" % instance_uuid)
+        return instance_uuid
+
+    def stop_service(self, instance_uuid):
+        """
+        This method stops a running service instance.
+        It iterates over all VNF instances, stopping them each
+        and removing them from their data center.
+
+        :param instance_uuid: the uuid of the service instance to be stopped
+        """
+        LOG.info("Stopping service %r" % self.uuid)
+        # get relevant information
+        # instance_uuid = str(self.uuid.uuid4())
+        vnf_instances = self.instances[instance_uuid]["vnf_instances"]
+
+        # trigger stop skripts in vnf instances and wait a few seconds for
+        # completion
+        self._trigger_emulator_stop_scripts_in_vnfis(vnf_instances)
+        time.sleep(VNF_STOP_WAIT_TIME)
+
+        for v in vnf_instances:
+            self._stop_vnfi(v)
+
+        for sap_name in self.saps_ext:
+            ext_sap = self.saps[sap_name]
+            target_dc = ext_sap.get("dc")
+            target_dc.removeExternalSAP(sap_name)
+            LOG.info("Stopping the SAP instance: %r in DC %r" %
+                     (sap_name, target_dc))
+
+        if not GK_STANDALONE_MODE:
+            # remove placement?
+            # self._remove_placement(RoundRobinPlacement)
+            None
+        # last step: remove the instance from the list of all instances
+        del self.instances[instance_uuid]
+
+    def _start_vnfd(self, vnfd, vnf_id, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Start a single VNFD of this service
+        :param vnfd: vnfd descriptor dict
+        :param vnf_id: unique id of this vnf in the nsd
+        :return:
+        """
+        # the vnf_name refers to the container image to be deployed
+        vnf_name = vnfd.get("name")
+
+        # iterate over all deployment units within each VNFDs
+        for u in vnfd.get("virtual_deployment_units"):
+            # 1. get the name of the docker image to start and the assigned DC
+            if vnf_id not in self.remote_docker_image_urls:
+                raise Exception("No image name for %r found. Abort." % vnf_id)
+            docker_name = self.remote_docker_image_urls.get(vnf_id)
+            target_dc = vnfd.get("dc")
+            # 2. perform some checks to ensure we can start the container
+            assert(docker_name is not None)
+            assert(target_dc is not None)
+            if not self._check_docker_image_exists(docker_name):
+                raise Exception(
+                    "Docker image %r not found. Abort." % docker_name)
+
+            # 3. get the resource limits
+            res_req = u.get("resource_requirements")
+            cpu_list = res_req.get("cpu").get("cores")
+            if cpu_list is None:
+                cpu_list = res_req.get("cpu").get("vcpus")
+            if cpu_list is None:
+                cpu_list = "1"
+            cpu_bw = res_req.get("cpu").get("cpu_bw")
+            if not cpu_bw:
+                cpu_bw = 1
+            mem_num = str(res_req.get("memory").get("size"))
+            if len(mem_num) == 0:
+                mem_num = "2"
+            mem_unit = str(res_req.get("memory").get("size_unit"))
+            if str(mem_unit) == 0:
+                mem_unit = "GB"
+            mem_limit = float(mem_num)
+            if mem_unit == "GB":
+                mem_limit = mem_limit * 1024 * 1024 * 1024
+            elif mem_unit == "MB":
+                mem_limit = mem_limit * 1024 * 1024
+            elif mem_unit == "KB":
+                mem_limit = mem_limit * 1024
+            mem_lim = int(mem_limit)
+            cpu_period, cpu_quota = self._calculate_cpu_cfs_values(
+                float(cpu_bw))
+
+            # check if we need to deploy the management ports (defined as
+            # type:management both on in the vnfd and nsd)
+            intfs = vnfd.get("connection_points", [])
+            mgmt_intf_names = []
+            if USE_DOCKER_MGMT:
+                mgmt_intfs = [vnf_id + ':' + intf['id']
+                              for intf in intfs if intf.get('type') == 'management']
+                # check if any of these management interfaces are used in a
+                # management-type network in the nsd
+                for nsd_intf_name in mgmt_intfs:
+                    vlinks = [l["connection_points_reference"]
+                              for l in self.nsd.get("virtual_links", [])]
+                    for link in vlinks:
+                        if nsd_intf_name in link and self.check_mgmt_interface(
+                                link):
+                            # this is indeed a management interface and can be
+                            # skipped
+                            vnf_id, vnf_interface, vnf_sap_docker_name = parse_interface(
+                                nsd_intf_name)
+                            found_interfaces = [
+                                intf for intf in intfs if intf.get('id') == vnf_interface]
+                            intfs.remove(found_interfaces[0])
+                            mgmt_intf_names.append(vnf_interface)
+
+            # 4. generate the volume paths for the docker container
+            volumes = list()
+            # a volume to extract log files
+            docker_log_path = "/tmp/results/%s/%s" % (self.uuid, vnf_id)
+            LOG.debug("LOG path for vnf %s is %s." % (vnf_id, docker_log_path))
+            if not os.path.exists(docker_log_path):
+                LOG.debug("Creating folder %s" % docker_log_path)
+                os.makedirs(docker_log_path)
+
+            volumes.append(docker_log_path + ":/mnt/share/")
+
+            # 5. do the dc.startCompute(name="foobar") call to run the container
+            # TODO consider flavors, and other annotations
+            # TODO: get all vnf id's from the nsd for this vnfd and use those as dockername
+            # use the vnf_id in the nsd as docker name
+            # so deployed containers can be easily mapped back to the nsd
+            LOG.info("Starting %r as %r in DC %r" %
+                     (vnf_name, vnf_id, vnfd.get("dc")))
+            LOG.debug("Interfaces for %r: %r" % (vnf_id, intfs))
+            vnfi = target_dc.startCompute(
+                vnf_id,
+                network=intfs,
+                image=docker_name,
+                flavor_name="small",
+                cpu_quota=cpu_quota,
+                cpu_period=cpu_period,
+                cpuset=cpu_list,
+                mem_limit=mem_lim,
+                volumes=volumes,
+                type=kwargs.get('type', 'docker'))
+
+            # rename the docker0 interfaces (eth0) to the management port name
+            # defined in the VNFD
+            if USE_DOCKER_MGMT:
+                for intf_name in mgmt_intf_names:
+                    self._vnf_reconfigure_network(
+                        vnfi, 'eth0', new_name=intf_name)
+
+            return vnfi
+
+    def _stop_vnfi(self, vnfi):
+        """
+        Stop a VNF instance.
+
+        :param vnfi: vnf instance to be stopped
+        """
+        # Find the correct datacenter
+        status = vnfi.getStatus()
+        dc = vnfi.datacenter
+
+        # stop the vnfi
+        LOG.info("Stopping the vnf instance contained in %r in DC %r" %
+                 (status["name"], dc))
+        dc.stopCompute(status["name"])
+
+    def _get_vnf_instance(self, instance_uuid, vnf_id):
+        """
+        Returns the Docker object for the given VNF id (or Docker name).
+        :param instance_uuid: UUID of the service instance to search in.
+        :param name: VNF name or Docker name. We are fuzzy here.
+        :return:
+        """
+        dn = vnf_id
+        for vnfi in self.instances[instance_uuid]["vnf_instances"]:
+            if vnfi.name == dn:
+                return vnfi
+        LOG.warning("No container with name: {0} found.".format(dn))
+        return None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _vnf_reconfigure_network(vnfi, if_name, net_str=None, new_name=None):
+        """
+        Reconfigure the network configuration of a specific interface
+        of a running container.
+        :param vnfi: container instance
+        :param if_name: interface name
+        :param net_str: network configuration string, e.g., 1.2.3.4/24
+        :return:
+        """
+
+        # assign new ip address
+        if net_str is not None:
+            intf = vnfi.intf(intf=if_name)
+            if intf is not None:
+                intf.setIP(net_str)
+                LOG.debug("Reconfigured network of %s:%s to %r" %
+                          (vnfi.name, if_name, net_str))
+            else:
+                LOG.warning("Interface not found: %s:%s. Network reconfiguration skipped." % (
+                    vnfi.name, if_name))
+
+        if new_name is not None:
+            vnfi.cmd('ip link set', if_name, 'down')
+            vnfi.cmd('ip link set', if_name, 'name', new_name)
+            vnfi.cmd('ip link set', new_name, 'up')
+            LOG.debug("Reconfigured interface name of %s:%s to %s" %
+                      (vnfi.name, if_name, new_name))
+
+    def _trigger_emulator_start_scripts_in_vnfis(self, vnfi_list):
+        for vnfi in vnfi_list:
+            config = vnfi.dcinfo.get("Config", dict())
+            env = config.get("Env", list())
+            for env_var in env:
+                var, cmd = map(str.strip, map(str, env_var.split('=', 1)))
+                LOG.debug("%r = %r" % (var, cmd))
+                if var == "SON_EMU_CMD":
+                    LOG.info("Executing entry point script in %r: %r" %
+                             (vnfi.name, cmd))
+                    # execute command in new thread to ensure that GK is not
+                    # blocked by VNF
+                    t = threading.Thread(target=vnfi.cmdPrint, args=(cmd,))
+                    t.daemon = True
+                    t.start()
+
+    def _trigger_emulator_stop_scripts_in_vnfis(self, vnfi_list):
+        for vnfi in vnfi_list:
+            config = vnfi.dcinfo.get("Config", dict())
+            env = config.get("Env", list())
+            for env_var in env:
+                var, cmd = map(str.strip, map(str, env_var.split('=', 1)))
+                if var == "SON_EMU_CMD_STOP":
+                    LOG.info("Executing stop script in %r: %r" %
+                             (vnfi.name, cmd))
+                    # execute command in new thread to ensure that GK is not
+                    # blocked by VNF
+                    t = threading.Thread(target=vnfi.cmdPrint, args=(cmd,))
+                    t.daemon = True
+                    t.start()
+
+    def _unpack_service_package(self):
+        """
+        unzip *.son file and store contents in CATALOG_FOLDER/services/<service_uuid>/
+        """
+        LOG.info("Unzipping: %r" % self.package_file_path)
+        with zipfile.ZipFile(self.package_file_path, "r") as z:
+            z.extractall(self.package_content_path)
+
+    def _load_package_descriptor(self):
+        """
+        Load the main package descriptor YAML and keep it as dict.
+        :return:
+        """
+        self.manifest = load_yaml(
+            os.path.join(
+                self.package_content_path, "TOSCA-Metadata/NAPD.yaml"))
+
+    def _load_nsd(self):
+        """
+        Load the entry NSD YAML and keep it as dict.
+        :return:
+        """
+        if "package_content" in self.manifest:
+            nsd_path = None
+            for f in self.manifest.get("package_content"):
+                if f.get("content-type") == "application/vnd.5gtango.nsd":
+                    nsd_path = os.path.join(
+                        self.package_content_path,
+                        make_relative_path(f.get("source")))
+                    break  # always use the first NSD for now
+            if nsd_path is None:
+                raise OnBoardingException("No NSD with type 'application/vnd.5gtango.nsd' found.")
+            self.nsd = load_yaml(nsd_path)
+            GK.net.deployed_nsds.append(self.nsd)  # TODO this seems strange (remove?)
+            # create dict to find the vnf_name for any vnf id
+            self.vnf_id2vnf_name = defaultdict(lambda: "NotExistingNode",
+                                               reduce(lambda x, y: dict(x, **y),
+                                                       map(lambda d: {d["vnf_id"]: d["vnf_name"]},
+                                                           self.nsd["network_functions"])))
+            LOG.debug("Loaded NSD: %r" % self.nsd.get("name"))
+        else:
+            raise OnBoardingException(
+                "No 'package_content' section in package manifest:\n{}"
+                .format(self.manifest))
+
+    def _load_vnfd(self):
+        """
+        Load all VNFD YAML files referenced in MANIFEST.MF and keep them in dict.
+        :return:
+        """
+
+        # first make a list of all the vnfds in the package
+        vnfd_set = dict()
+        if "package_content" in self.manifest:
+            for pc in self.manifest.get("package_content"):
+                if pc.get(
+                        "content-type") == "application/vnd.5gtango.vnfd":
+                    vnfd_path = os.path.join(
+                        self.package_content_path,
+                        make_relative_path(pc.get("source")))
+                    vnfd = load_yaml(vnfd_path)
+                    vnfd_set[vnfd.get("name")] = vnfd
+            if len(vnfd_set) < 1:
+                raise OnBoardingException("No VNFDs found.")
+            # then link each vnf_id in the nsd to its vnfd
+            for vnf_id in self.vnf_id2vnf_name:
+                vnf_name = self.vnf_id2vnf_name[vnf_id]
+                self.vnfds[vnf_id] = vnfd_set[vnf_name]
+                LOG.debug("Loaded VNFD: {0} id: {1}".format(vnf_name, vnf_id))
+
+    def _load_saps(self):
+        # create list of all SAPs
+        # check if we need to deploy management ports
+        if USE_DOCKER_MGMT:
+            SAPs = [p for p in self.nsd["connection_points"]
+                    if 'management' not in p.get('type')]
+        else:
+            SAPs = [p for p in self.nsd["connection_points"]]
+
+        for sap in SAPs:
+            # endpoint needed in this service
+            sap_id, sap_interface, sap_docker_name = parse_interface(sap['id'])
+            # make sure SAP has type set (default internal)
+            sap["type"] = sap.get("type", 'internal')
+
+            # Each Service Access Point (connection_point) in the nsd is an IP
+            # address on the host
+            if sap["type"] == "external":
+                # add to vnfds to calculate placement later on
+                sap_net = SAP_SUBNETS.pop(0)
+                self.saps[sap_docker_name] = {
+                    "name": sap_docker_name, "type": "external", "net": sap_net}
+                # add SAP vnf to list in the NSD so it is deployed later on
+                # each SAP gets a unique VNFD and vnf_id in the NSD and custom
+                # type (only defined in the dummygatekeeper)
+                self.nsd["network_functions"].append(
+                    {"vnf_id": sap_docker_name, "vnf_name": sap_docker_name, "vnf_type": "sap_ext"})
+
+            # Each Service Access Point (connection_point) in the nsd is
+            # getting its own container (default)
+            elif sap["type"] == "internal" or sap["type"] == "management":
+                # add SAP to self.vnfds
+                if SAP_VNFD is None:
+                    sapfile = pkg_resources.resource_filename(
+                        __name__, "sap_vnfd.yml")
+                else:
+                    sapfile = SAP_VNFD
+                sap_vnfd = load_yaml(sapfile)
+                sap_vnfd["connection_points"][0]["id"] = sap_interface
+                sap_vnfd["name"] = sap_docker_name
+                sap_vnfd["type"] = "internal"
+                # add to vnfds to calculate placement later on and deploy
+                self.saps[sap_docker_name] = sap_vnfd
+                # add SAP vnf to list in the NSD so it is deployed later on
+                # each SAP get a unique VNFD and vnf_id in the NSD
+                self.nsd["network_functions"].append(
+                    {"vnf_id": sap_docker_name, "vnf_name": sap_docker_name, "vnf_type": "sap_int"})
+
+            LOG.debug("Loaded SAP: name: {0}, type: {1}".format(
+                sap_docker_name, sap['type']))
+
+        # create sap lists
+        self.saps_ext = [self.saps[sap]['name']
+                         for sap in self.saps if self.saps[sap]["type"] == "external"]
+        self.saps_int = [self.saps[sap]['name']
+                         for sap in self.saps if self.saps[sap]["type"] == "internal"]
+
+    def _start_sap(self, sap, instance_uuid):
+        if not DEPLOY_SAP:
+            return
+
+        LOG.info('start SAP: {0} ,type: {1}'.format(sap['name'], sap['type']))
+        if sap["type"] == "internal":
+            vnfi = None
+            if not GK_STANDALONE_MODE:
+                vnfi = self._start_vnfd(sap, sap['name'], type='sap_int')
+            self.instances[instance_uuid]["vnf_instances"].append(vnfi)
+
+        elif sap["type"] == "external":
+            target_dc = sap.get("dc")
+            # add interface to dc switch
+            target_dc.attachExternalSAP(sap['name'], sap['net'])
+
+    def _connect_elines(self, eline_fwd_links, instance_uuid):
+        """
+        Connect all E-LINE links in the NSD
+        :param eline_fwd_links: list of E-LINE links in the NSD
+        :param: instance_uuid of the service
+        :return:
+        """
+        # cookie is used as identifier for the flowrules installed by the dummygatekeeper
+        # eg. different services get a unique cookie for their flowrules
+        cookie = 1
+        for link in eline_fwd_links:
+            # check if we need to deploy this link when its a management link:
+            if USE_DOCKER_MGMT:
+                if self.check_mgmt_interface(
+                        link["connection_points_reference"]):
+                    continue
+
+            src_id, src_if_name, src_sap_id = parse_interface(
+                link["connection_points_reference"][0])
+            dst_id, dst_if_name, dst_sap_id = parse_interface(
+                link["connection_points_reference"][1])
+
+            setChaining = False
+            # check if there is a SAP in the link and chain everything together
+            if src_sap_id in self.saps and dst_sap_id in self.saps:
+                LOG.info(
+                    '2 SAPs cannot be chained together : {0} - {1}'.format(src_sap_id, dst_sap_id))
+                continue
+
+            elif src_sap_id in self.saps_ext:
+                src_id = src_sap_id
+                # set intf name to None so the chaining function will choose
+                # the first one
+                src_if_name = None
+                dst_vnfi = self._get_vnf_instance(instance_uuid, dst_id)
+                if dst_vnfi is not None:
+                    # choose first ip address in sap subnet
+                    sap_net = self.saps[src_sap_id]['net']
+                    sap_ip = "{0}/{1}".format(str(sap_net[2]),
+                                              sap_net.prefixlen)
+                    self._vnf_reconfigure_network(
+                        dst_vnfi, dst_if_name, sap_ip)
+                    setChaining = True
+
+            elif dst_sap_id in self.saps_ext:
+                dst_id = dst_sap_id
+                # set intf name to None so the chaining function will choose
+                # the first one
+                dst_if_name = None
+                src_vnfi = self._get_vnf_instance(instance_uuid, src_id)
+                if src_vnfi is not None:
+                    sap_net = self.saps[dst_sap_id]['net']
+                    sap_ip = "{0}/{1}".format(str(sap_net[2]),
+                                              sap_net.prefixlen)
+                    self._vnf_reconfigure_network(
+                        src_vnfi, src_if_name, sap_ip)
+                    setChaining = True
+
+            # Link between 2 VNFs
+            else:
+                # make sure we use the correct sap vnf name
+                if src_sap_id in self.saps_int:
+                    src_id = src_sap_id
+                if dst_sap_id in self.saps_int:
+                    dst_id = dst_sap_id
+                # re-configure the VNFs IP assignment and ensure that a new
+                # subnet is used for each E-Link
+                src_vnfi = self._get_vnf_instance(instance_uuid, src_id)
+                dst_vnfi = self._get_vnf_instance(instance_uuid, dst_id)
+                if src_vnfi is not None and dst_vnfi is not None:
+                    eline_net = ELINE_SUBNETS.pop(0)
+                    ip1 = "{0}/{1}".format(str(eline_net[1]),
+                                           eline_net.prefixlen)
+                    ip2 = "{0}/{1}".format(str(eline_net[2]),
+                                           eline_net.prefixlen)
+                    self._vnf_reconfigure_network(src_vnfi, src_if_name, ip1)
+                    self._vnf_reconfigure_network(dst_vnfi, dst_if_name, ip2)
+                    setChaining = True
+
+            # Set the chaining
+            if setChaining:
+                GK.net.setChain(
+                    src_id, dst_id,
+                    vnf_src_interface=src_if_name, vnf_dst_interface=dst_if_name,
+                    bidirectional=BIDIRECTIONAL_CHAIN, cmd="add-flow", cookie=cookie, priority=10)
+                LOG.debug(
+                    "Setting up E-Line link. (%s:%s) -> (%s:%s)" % (
+                        src_id, src_if_name, dst_id, dst_if_name))
+
+    def _connect_elans(self, elan_fwd_links, instance_uuid):
+        """
+        Connect all E-LAN links in the NSD
+        :param elan_fwd_links: list of E-LAN links in the NSD
+        :param: instance_uuid of the service
+        :return:
+        """
+        for link in elan_fwd_links:
+            # check if we need to deploy this link when its a management link:
+            if USE_DOCKER_MGMT:
+                if self.check_mgmt_interface(
+                        link["connection_points_reference"]):
+                    continue
+
+            elan_vnf_list = []
+            # check if an external SAP is in the E-LAN (then a subnet is
+            # already defined)
+            intfs_elan = [intf for intf in link["connection_points_reference"]]
+            lan_sap = self.check_ext_saps(intfs_elan)
+            if lan_sap:
+                lan_net = self.saps[lan_sap]['net']
+                lan_hosts = list(lan_net.hosts())
+            else:
+                lan_net = ELAN_SUBNETS.pop(0)
+                lan_hosts = list(lan_net.hosts())
+
+            # generate lan ip address for all interfaces except external SAPs
+            for intf in link["connection_points_reference"]:
+
+                # skip external SAPs, they already have an ip
+                vnf_id, vnf_interface, vnf_sap_docker_name = parse_interface(
+                    intf)
+                if vnf_sap_docker_name in self.saps_ext:
+                    elan_vnf_list.append(
+                        {'name': vnf_sap_docker_name, 'interface': vnf_interface})
+                    continue
+
+                ip_address = "{0}/{1}".format(str(lan_hosts.pop(0)),
+                                              lan_net.prefixlen)
+                vnf_id, intf_name, vnf_sap_id = parse_interface(intf)
+
+                # make sure we use the correct sap vnf name
+                src_docker_name = vnf_id
+                if vnf_sap_id in self.saps_int:
+                    src_docker_name = vnf_sap_id
+                    vnf_id = vnf_sap_id
+
+                LOG.debug(
+                    "Setting up E-LAN interface. (%s:%s) -> %s" % (
+                        vnf_id, intf_name, ip_address))
+
+                # re-configure the VNFs IP assignment and ensure that a new subnet is used for each E-LAN
+                # E-LAN relies on the learning switch capability of Ryu which has to be turned on in the topology
+                # (DCNetwork(controller=RemoteController, enable_learning=True)), so no explicit chaining is necessary.
+                vnfi = self._get_vnf_instance(instance_uuid, vnf_id)
+                if vnfi is not None:
+                    self._vnf_reconfigure_network(vnfi, intf_name, ip_address)
+                    # add this vnf and interface to the E-LAN for tagging
+                    elan_vnf_list.append(
+                        {'name': src_docker_name, 'interface': intf_name})
+
+            # install the VLAN tags for this E-LAN
+            GK.net.setLAN(elan_vnf_list)
+
+    def _load_docker_files(self):
+        """
+        Get all paths to Dockerfiles from VNFDs and store them in dict.
+        :return:
+        """
+        for k, v in self.vnfds.iteritems():
+            for vu in v.get("virtual_deployment_units"):
+                if vu.get("vm_image_format") == "docker":
+                    vm_image = vu.get("vm_image")
+                    docker_path = os.path.join(
+                        self.package_content_path,
+                        make_relative_path(vm_image))
+                    self.local_docker_files[k] = docker_path
+                    LOG.debug("Found Dockerfile (%r): %r" % (k, docker_path))
+
+    def _load_docker_urls(self):
+        """
+        Get all URLs to pre-build docker images in some repo.
+        :return:
+        """
+        # also merge sap dicts, because internal saps also need a docker
+        # container
+        all_vnfs = self.vnfds.copy()
+        all_vnfs.update(self.saps)
+
+        for k, v in all_vnfs.iteritems():
+            for vu in v.get("virtual_deployment_units", {}):
+                if vu.get("vm_image_format") == "docker":
+                    url = vu.get("vm_image")
+                    if url is not None:
+                        url = url.replace("http://", "")
+                        self.remote_docker_image_urls[k] = url
+                        LOG.debug("Found Docker image URL (%r): %r" %
+                                  (k, self.remote_docker_image_urls[k]))
+
+    def _build_images_from_dockerfiles(self):
+        """
+        Build Docker images for each local Dockerfile found in the package: self.local_docker_files
+        """
+        if GK_STANDALONE_MODE:
+            return  # do not build anything in standalone mode
+        dc = DockerClient()
+        LOG.info("Building %d Docker images (this may take several minutes) ..." % len(
+            self.local_docker_files))
+        for k, v in self.local_docker_files.iteritems():
+            for line in dc.build(path=v.replace(
+                    "Dockerfile", ""), tag=k, rm=False, nocache=False):
+                LOG.debug("DOCKER BUILD: %s" % line)
+            LOG.info("Docker image created: %s" % k)
+
+    def _pull_predefined_dockerimages(self):
+        """
+        If the package contains URLs to pre-build Docker images, we download them with this method.
+        """
+        dc = DockerClient()
+        for url in self.remote_docker_image_urls.itervalues():
+            # only pull if not present (speedup for development)
+            if not FORCE_PULL:
+                if len(dc.images.list(name=url)) > 0:
+                    LOG.debug("Image %r present. Skipping pull." % url)
+                    continue
+            LOG.info("Pulling image: %r" % url)
+            # this seems to fail with latest docker api version 2.0.2
+            # dc.images.pull(url,
+            #        insecure_registry=True)
+            # using docker cli instead
+            cmd = ["docker",
+                   "pull",
+                   url,
+                   ]
+            Popen(cmd).wait()
+
+    def _check_docker_image_exists(self, image_name):
+        """
+        Query the docker service and check if the given image exists
+        :param image_name: name of the docker image
+        :return:
+        """
+        return len(DockerClient().images.list(name=image_name)) > 0
+
+    def _calculate_placement(self, algorithm):
+        """
+        Do placement by adding the a field "dc" to
+        each VNFD that points to one of our
+        data center objects known to the gatekeeper.
+        """
+        assert(len(self.vnfds) > 0)
+        assert(len(GK.dcs) > 0)
+        # instantiate algorithm an place
+        p = algorithm()
+        p.place(self.nsd, self.vnfds, self.saps, GK.dcs)
+        LOG.info("Using placement algorithm: %r" % p.__class__.__name__)
+        # lets print the placement result
+        for name, vnfd in self.vnfds.iteritems():
+            LOG.info("Placed VNF %r on DC %r" % (name, str(vnfd.get("dc"))))
+        for sap in self.saps:
+            sap_dict = self.saps[sap]
+            LOG.info("Placed SAP %r on DC %r" % (sap, str(sap_dict.get("dc"))))
+
+    def _calculate_cpu_cfs_values(self, cpu_time_percentage):
+        """
+        Calculate cpu period and quota for CFS
+        :param cpu_time_percentage: percentage of overall CPU to be used
+        :return: cpu_period, cpu_quota
+        """
+        if cpu_time_percentage is None:
+            return -1, -1
+        if cpu_time_percentage < 0:
+            return -1, -1
+        # (see: https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/scheduler/sched-bwc.txt)
+        # Attention minimum cpu_quota is 1ms (micro)
+        cpu_period = 1000000  # lets consider a fixed period of 1000000 microseconds for now
+        LOG.debug("cpu_period is %r, cpu_percentage is %r" %
+                  (cpu_period, cpu_time_percentage))
+        # calculate the fraction of cpu time for this container
+        cpu_quota = cpu_period * cpu_time_percentage
+        # ATTENTION >= 1000 to avoid a invalid argument system error ... no
+        # idea why
+        if cpu_quota < 1000:
+            LOG.debug("cpu_quota before correcting: %r" % cpu_quota)
+            cpu_quota = 1000
+            LOG.warning("Increased CPU quota to avoid system error.")
+        LOG.debug("Calculated: cpu_period=%f / cpu_quota=%f" %
+                  (cpu_period, cpu_quota))
+        return int(cpu_period), int(cpu_quota)
+
+    def check_ext_saps(self, intf_list):
+        # check if the list of interfacs contains an external SAP
+        saps_ext = [self.saps[sap]['name']
+                    for sap in self.saps if self.saps[sap]["type"] == "external"]
+        for intf_name in intf_list:
+            vnf_id, vnf_interface, vnf_sap_docker_name = parse_interface(
+                intf_name)
+            if vnf_sap_docker_name in saps_ext:
+                return vnf_sap_docker_name
+
+    def check_mgmt_interface(self, intf_list):
+        SAPs_mgmt = [p.get('id') for p in self.nsd["connection_points"]
+                     if 'management' in p.get('type')]
+        for intf_name in intf_list:
+            if intf_name in SAPs_mgmt:
+                return True
+
+
+"""
+Some (simple) placement algorithms
+"""
+
+
+class FirstDcPlacement(object):
+    """
+    Placement: Always use one and the same data center from the GK.dcs dict.
+    """
+
+    def place(self, nsd, vnfds, saps, dcs):
+        for id, vnfd in vnfds.iteritems():
+            vnfd["dc"] = list(dcs.itervalues())[0]
+
+
+class RoundRobinDcPlacement(object):
+    """
+    Placement: Distribute VNFs across all available DCs in a round robin fashion.
+    """
+
+    def place(self, nsd, vnfds, saps, dcs):
+        c = 0
+        dcs_list = list(dcs.itervalues())
+        for id, vnfd in vnfds.iteritems():
+            vnfd["dc"] = dcs_list[c % len(dcs_list)]
+            c += 1  # inc. c to use next DC
+
+
+class RoundRobinDcPlacementWithSAPs(object):
+    """
+    Placement: Distribute VNFs across all available DCs in a round robin fashion,
+    every SAP is instantiated on the same DC as the connected VNF.
+    """
+
+    def place(self, nsd, vnfds, saps, dcs):
+
+        # place vnfs
+        c = 0
+        dcs_list = list(dcs.itervalues())
+        for id, vnfd in vnfds.iteritems():
+            vnfd["dc"] = dcs_list[c % len(dcs_list)]
+            c += 1  # inc. c to use next DC
+
+        # place SAPs
+        vlinks = nsd.get("virtual_links", [])
+        eline_fwd_links = [l for l in vlinks if (
+            l["connectivity_type"] == "E-Line")]
+        elan_fwd_links = [l for l in vlinks if (
+            l["connectivity_type"] == "E-LAN")]
+
+        # SAPs on E-Line links are placed on the same DC as the VNF on the
+        # E-Line
+        for link in eline_fwd_links:
+            src_id, src_if_name, src_sap_id = parse_interface(
+                link["connection_points_reference"][0])
+            dst_id, dst_if_name, dst_sap_id = parse_interface(
+                link["connection_points_reference"][1])
+
+            # check if there is a SAP in the link
+            if src_sap_id in saps:
+                # get dc where connected vnf is mapped to
+                dc = vnfds[dst_id]['dc']
+                saps[src_sap_id]['dc'] = dc
+
+            if dst_sap_id in saps:
+                # get dc where connected vnf is mapped to
+                dc = vnfds[src_id]['dc']
+                saps[dst_sap_id]['dc'] = dc
+
+        # SAPs on E-LANs are placed on a random DC
+        dcs_list = list(dcs.itervalues())
+        dc_len = len(dcs_list)
+        for link in elan_fwd_links:
+            for intf in link["connection_points_reference"]:
+                # find SAP interfaces
+                intf_id, intf_name, intf_sap_id = parse_interface(intf)
+                if intf_sap_id in saps:
+                    dc = dcs_list[randint(0, dc_len - 1)]
+                    saps[intf_sap_id]['dc'] = dc
+
+
+"""
+Resource definitions and API endpoints
+"""
+
+
+class Packages(fr.Resource):
+
+    def post(self):
+        """
+        Upload a *.son service package to the dummy gatekeeper.
+
+        We expect request with a *.son file and store it in UPLOAD_FOLDER
+        :return: UUID
+        """
+        try:
+            # get file contents
+            LOG.info("POST /packages called")
+            # lets search for the package in the request
+            is_file_object = False  # make API more robust: file can be in data or in files field
+            if "package" in request.files:
+                son_file = request.files["package"]
+                is_file_object = True
+            elif len(request.data) > 0:
+                son_file = request.data
+            else:
+                return {"service_uuid": None, "size": 0, "sha1": None,
+                        "error": "upload failed. file not found."}, 500
+            # generate a uuid to reference this package
+            service_uuid = str(uuid.uuid4())
+            file_hash = hashlib.sha1(str(son_file)).hexdigest()
+            # ensure that upload folder exists
+            ensure_dir(UPLOAD_FOLDER)
+            upload_path = os.path.join(UPLOAD_FOLDER, "%s.son" % service_uuid)
+            # store *.son file to disk
+            if is_file_object:
+                son_file.save(upload_path)
+            else:
+                with open(upload_path, 'wb') as f:
+                    f.write(son_file)
+            size = os.path.getsize(upload_path)
+
+            # first stop and delete any other running services
+            if AUTO_DELETE:
+                service_list = copy.copy(GK.services)
+                for service_uuid in service_list:
+                    instances_list = copy.copy(
+                        GK.services[service_uuid].instances)
+                    for instance_uuid in instances_list:
+                        # valid service and instance UUID, stop service
+                        GK.services.get(service_uuid).stop_service(
+                            instance_uuid)
+                        LOG.info("service instance with uuid %r stopped." %
+                                 instance_uuid)
+
+            # create a service object and register it
+            s = Service(service_uuid, file_hash, upload_path)
+            GK.register_service_package(service_uuid, s)
+
+            # automatically deploy the service
+            if AUTO_DEPLOY:
+                # ok, we have a service uuid, lets start the service
+                reset_subnets()
+                GK.services.get(service_uuid).start_service()
+
+            # generate the JSON result
+            return {"service_uuid": service_uuid, "size": size,
+                    "sha1": file_hash, "error": None}, 201
+        except BaseException:
+            LOG.exception("Service package upload failed:")
+            return {"service_uuid": None, "size": 0,
+                    "sha1": None, "error": "upload failed"}, 500
+
+    def get(self):
+        """
+        Return a list of UUID's of uploaded service packages.
+        :return: dict/list
+        """
+        LOG.info("GET /packages")
+        return {"service_uuid_list": list(GK.services.iterkeys())}
+
+
+class Instantiations(fr.Resource):
+
+    def post(self):
+        """
+        Instantiate a service specified by its UUID.
+        Will return a new UUID to identify the running service instance.
+        :return: UUID
+        """
+        LOG.info("POST /instantiations (or /requests) called")
+        # try to extract the service uuid from the request
+        json_data = request.get_json(force=True)
+        service_uuid = json_data.get("service_uuid")
+
+        # lets be a bit fuzzy here to make testing easier
+        if (service_uuid is None or service_uuid ==
+                "latest") and len(GK.services) > 0:
+            # if we don't get a service uuid, we simple start the first service
+            # in the list
+            service_uuid = list(GK.services.iterkeys())[0]
+        if service_uuid in GK.services:
+            # ok, we have a service uuid, lets start the service
+            service_instance_uuid = GK.services.get(
+                service_uuid).start_service()
+            return {"service_instance_uuid": service_instance_uuid}, 201
+        return "Service not found", 404
+
+    def get(self):
+        """
+        Returns a list of UUIDs containing all running services.
+        :return: dict / list
+        """
+        LOG.info("GET /instantiations")
+        return {"service_instantiations_list": [
+            list(s.instances.iterkeys()) for s in GK.services.itervalues()]}
+
+    def delete(self):
+        """
+        Stops a running service specified by its service and instance UUID.
+        """
+        # try to extract the service  and instance UUID from the request
+        json_data = request.get_json(force=True)
+        service_uuid = json_data.get("service_uuid")
+        instance_uuid = json_data.get("service_instance_uuid")
+
+        # try to be fuzzy
+        if service_uuid is None and len(GK.services) > 0:
+            # if we don't get a service uuid, we simply stop the last service
+            # in the list
+            service_uuid = list(GK.services.iterkeys())[0]
+        if instance_uuid is None and len(
+                GK.services[service_uuid].instances) > 0:
+            instance_uuid = list(
+                GK.services[service_uuid].instances.iterkeys())[0]
+
+        if service_uuid in GK.services and instance_uuid in GK.services[service_uuid].instances:
+            # valid service and instance UUID, stop service
+            GK.services.get(service_uuid).stop_service(instance_uuid)
+            return "service instance with uuid %r stopped." % instance_uuid, 200
+        return "Service not found", 404
+
+
+class Exit(fr.Resource):
+
+    def put(self):
+        """
+        Stop the running Containernet instance regardless of data transmitted
+        """
+        list(GK.dcs.values())[0].net.stop()
+
+
+def initialize_GK():
+    global GK
+    GK = Gatekeeper()
+
+
+# create a single, global GK object
+GK = None
+initialize_GK()
+# setup Flask
+app = Flask(__name__)
+app.config['MAX_CONTENT_LENGTH'] = 512 * 1024 * 1024  # 512 MB max upload
+api = fr.Api(app)
+# define endpoints
+api.add_resource(Packages, '/packages', '/api/v2/packages')
+api.add_resource(Instantiations, '/instantiations',
+                 '/api/v2/instantiations', '/api/v2/requests')
+api.add_resource(Exit, '/emulator/exit')
+
+
+def start_rest_api(host, port, datacenters=dict()):
+    GK.dcs = datacenters
+    GK.net = get_dc_network()
+    # start the Flask server (not the best performance but ok for our use case)
+    app.run(host=host,
+            port=port,
+            debug=True,
+            use_reloader=False  # this is needed to run Flask in a non-main thread
+            )
+
+
+def ensure_dir(name):
+    if not os.path.exists(name):
+        os.makedirs(name)
+
+
+def load_yaml(path):
+    with open(path, "r") as f:
+        try:
+            r = yaml.load(f)
+        except yaml.YAMLError as exc:
+            LOG.exception("YAML parse error: %r" % str(exc))
+            r = dict()
+    return r
+
+
+def make_relative_path(path):
+    if path.startswith("file://"):
+        path = path.replace("file://", "", 1)
+    if path.startswith("/"):
+        path = path.replace("/", "", 1)
+    return path
+
+
+def get_dc_network():
+    """
+    retrieve the DCnetwork where this dummygatekeeper (GK) connects to.
+    Assume at least 1 datacenter is connected to this GK, and that all datacenters belong to the same DCNetwork
+    :return:
+    """
+    assert (len(GK.dcs) > 0)
+    return GK.dcs.values()[0].net
+
+
+def parse_interface(interface_name):
+    """
+    convert the interface name in the nsd to the according vnf_id, vnf_interface names
+    :param interface_name:
+    :return:
+    """
+
+    if ':' in interface_name:
+        vnf_id, vnf_interface = interface_name.split(':')
+        vnf_sap_docker_name = interface_name.replace(':', '_')
+    else:
+        vnf_id = interface_name
+        vnf_interface = interface_name
+        vnf_sap_docker_name = interface_name
+
+    return vnf_id, vnf_interface, vnf_sap_docker_name
+
+
+def reset_subnets():
+    # private subnet definitions for the generated interfaces
+    # 10.10.xxx.0/24
+    global SAP_SUBNETS
+    SAP_SUBNETS = generate_subnets('10.10', 0, subnet_size=50, mask=30)
+    # 10.20.xxx.0/30
+    global ELAN_SUBNETS
+    ELAN_SUBNETS = generate_subnets('10.20', 0, subnet_size=50, mask=24)
+    # 10.30.xxx.0/30
+    global ELINE_SUBNETS
+    ELINE_SUBNETS = generate_subnets('10.30', 0, subnet_size=50, mask=30)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    """
+    Lets allow to run the API in standalone mode.
+    """
+    GK_STANDALONE_MODE = True
+    logging.getLogger("werkzeug").setLevel(logging.INFO)
+    start_rest_api("0.0.0.0", 8000)
diff --git a/src/emuvim/cli/son_emu_cli.py b/src/emuvim/cli/son_emu_cli.py
index 801c60b..c5f3a56 100755
--- a/src/emuvim/cli/son_emu_cli.py
+++ b/src/emuvim/cli/son_emu_cli.py
@@ -33,12 +33,11 @@
 
 def help():
     print("Missing arguments.\n")
-    print("Usage: son-emu-cli compute|datacenter|network|monitor <arguments>\n")
+    print("Usage: vim-emu compute|datacenter|network <arguments>\n")
     print("Get more help:")
-    print("\tson-emu-cli compute --help")
-    print("\tson-emu-cli datacenter --help")
-    print("\tson-emu-cli network --help")
-    print("\tson-emu-cli monitor --help")
+    print("\tvim-emu compute --help")
+    print("\tvim-emu datacenter --help")
+    print("\tvim-emu network --help")
     exit(0)
 
 
diff --git a/src/emuvim/test/unittests/test_tango_llcm.py b/src/emuvim/test/unittests/test_tango_llcm.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af8dbf4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/emuvim/test/unittests/test_tango_llcm.py
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2018 SONATA-NFV, 5GTANGO and Paderborn University
+# ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+# Neither the name of the SONATA-NFV, 5GTANGO, Paderborn University
+# nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote
+# products derived from this software without specific prior written
+# permission.
+#
+# This work has been performed in the framework of the SONATA project,
+# funded by the European Commission under Grant number 671517 through
+# the Horizon 2020 and 5G-PPP programmes. The authors would like to
+# acknowledge the contributions of their colleagues of the SONATA
+# partner consortium (www.sonata-nfv.eu).
+#
+# This work has also been performed in the framework of the 5GTANGO project,
+# funded by the European Commission under Grant number 761493 through
+# the Horizon 2020 and 5G-PPP programmes. The authors would like to
+# acknowledge the contributions of their colleagues of the 5GTANGO
+# partner consortium (www.5gtango.eu).
+import time
+import requests
+import json
+from emuvim.test.base import SimpleTestTopology
+from emuvim.api.tango import TangoLLCMEndpoint
+from emuvim.api.tango.llcm import initialize_GK, parse_interface
+from ipaddress import ip_network
+
+PACKAGE_PATH = "misc/eu.5gtango.emulator-example-service.0.1.tgo"
+
+
+class testTangoLLCM(SimpleTestTopology):
+
+    #    @unittest.skip("disabled")
+    def test_tango_llcm_start_service(self):
+        # create network
+        self.createNet(nswitches=0, ndatacenter=2, nhosts=2,
+                       ndockers=0, enable_learning=True)
+        # setup links
+        self.net.addLink(self.dc[0], self.h[0])
+        self.net.addLink(self.dc[0], self.dc[1])
+        self.net.addLink(self.h[1], self.dc[1])
+        # connect llcm to data centers
+        sdkg1 = TangoLLCMEndpoint("127.0.0.1", 56000)
+        sdkg1.connectDatacenter(self.dc[0])
+        sdkg1.connectDatacenter(self.dc[1])
+        # run the dummy gatekeeper (in another thread, don't block)
+        sdkg1.start()
+        time.sleep(3)
+        # start Mininet network
+        self.startNet()
+        time.sleep(3)
+
+        print "starting tests"
+        # board package
+        files = {"package": open(PACKAGE_PATH, "rb")}
+        r = requests.post("http://127.0.0.1:56000/packages", files=files)
+        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 201)
+        self.assertTrue(json.loads(r.text).get("service_uuid") is not None)
+
+        # instantiate service
+        self.service_uuid = json.loads(r.text).get("service_uuid")
+        r2 = requests.post("http://127.0.0.1:56000/instantiations",
+                           data=json.dumps({"service_uuid": self.service_uuid}))
+        self.assertEqual(r2.status_code, 201)
+
+        # give the emulator some time to instantiate everything
+        time.sleep(2)
+
+        # check get request APIs
+        r3 = requests.get("http://127.0.0.1:56000/packages")
+        self.assertEqual(len(json.loads(r3.text).get("service_uuid_list")), 1)
+        r4 = requests.get("http://127.0.0.1:56000/instantiations")
+        self.assertEqual(len(json.loads(r4.text).get(
+            "service_instantiations_list")), 1)
+
+        # check number of running nodes
+        self.assertTrue(len(self.getContainernetContainers()) == 2)
+        self.assertTrue(len(self.net.hosts) == 4)
+        self.assertTrue(len(self.net.switches) == 2)
+        # check compute list result (considering placement)
+        self.assertEqual(len(self.dc[0].listCompute()), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(len(self.dc[1].listCompute()), 1)
+        # check connectivity by using ping
+        ELAN_list = []
+
+        # check E-Line connection, by checking the IP addresses
+        for link in self.net.deployed_elines:
+            vnf_src, intf_src, vnf_sap_docker_name = parse_interface(
+                link['connection_points_reference'][0])
+            print vnf_src, intf_src
+            src = self.net.getNodeByName(vnf_src)
+            if not src:
+                continue
+            network_list = src.getNetworkStatus()
+            src_ip = [intf['ip']
+                      for intf in network_list if intf['intf_name'] == intf_src][0]
+            src_mask = [intf['netmask']
+                        for intf in network_list if intf['intf_name'] == intf_src][0]
+
+            vnf_dst, intf_dst, vnf_sap_docker_name = parse_interface(
+                link['connection_points_reference'][1])
+            dst = self.net.getNodeByName(vnf_dst)
+            if not dst:
+                continue
+            network_list = dst.getNetworkStatus()
+            dst_ip = [intf['ip']
+                      for intf in network_list if intf['intf_name'] == intf_dst][0]
+            dst_mask = [intf['netmask']
+                        for intf in network_list if intf['intf_name'] == intf_dst][0]
+
+            print "src = {0}:{1} ip={2} ".format(
+                vnf_src, intf_src, src_ip, src_mask)
+            print "dst = {0}:{1} ip={2} ".format(
+                vnf_dst, intf_dst, dst_ip, dst_mask)
+
+            # check if the E-Line IP's are in the same subnet
+            ret = ip_network(u'{0}'.format(src_ip, src_mask), strict=False)\
+                .compare_networks(ip_network(u'{0}'.format(dst_ip, dst_mask), strict=False))
+            self.assertTrue(ret == 0)
+
+        for vnf in self.dc[0].listCompute():
+            # check E LAN connection
+            network_list = vnf.getNetworkStatus()
+            mgmt_ip = [intf['ip']
+                       for intf in network_list if intf['intf_name'] == 'mgmt']
+            self.assertTrue(len(mgmt_ip) > 0)
+            ip_address = mgmt_ip[0]
+            ELAN_list.append(ip_address)
+            print ip_address
+
+        # check ELAN connection by ping over the mgmt network (needs to be
+        # configured as ELAN in the test service)
+        for vnf in self.dc[0].listCompute():
+            network_list = vnf.getNetworkStatus()
+            mgmt_ip = [intf['ip']
+                       for intf in network_list if intf['intf_name'] == 'mgmt']
+            self.assertTrue(len(mgmt_ip) > 0)
+            ip_address = mgmt_ip[0]
+            print ELAN_list
+            print ip_address
+            test_ip_list = list(ELAN_list)
+            test_ip_list.remove(ip_address)
+            for ip in test_ip_list:
+                # only take ip address, without netmask
+                p = self.net.ping([vnf], manualdestip=ip.split('/')[0])
+                print p
+                self.assertTrue(p <= 0.0)
+
+        # stop Mininet network
+        self.stopNet()
+        initialize_GK()
+
+    # @unittest.skip("disabled")
+    def test_tango_llcm_stop_service(self):
+        # create network
+        self.createNet(ndatacenter=2, nhosts=2)
+        # setup links
+        self.net.addLink(self.dc[0], self.h[0])
+        self.net.addLink(self.dc[0], self.dc[1])
+        self.net.addLink(self.h[1], self.dc[1])
+        # connect dummy GK to data centers
+        sdkg1 = TangoLLCMEndpoint("127.0.0.1", 56001)
+        sdkg1.connectDatacenter(self.dc[0])
+        sdkg1.connectDatacenter(self.dc[1])
+        # run the dummy gatekeeper (in another thread, don't block)
+        sdkg1.start()
+        time.sleep(3)
+        # start Mininet network
+        self.startNet()
+        time.sleep(3)
+
+        print "starting tests"
+        # board package
+        files = {"package": open(PACKAGE_PATH, "rb")}
+        r = requests.post("http://127.0.0.1:56001/packages", files=files)
+        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 201)
+        self.assertTrue(json.loads(r.text).get("service_uuid") is not None)
+
+        # instantiate service
+        self.service_uuid = json.loads(r.text).get("service_uuid")
+        r2 = requests.post("http://127.0.0.1:56001/instantiations",
+                           data=json.dumps({"service_uuid": self.service_uuid}))
+        self.assertEqual(r2.status_code, 201)
+
+        # give the emulator some time to instantiate everything
+        time.sleep(2)
+
+        # check get request APIs
+        r3 = requests.get("http://127.0.0.1:56001/packages")
+        self.assertEqual(len(json.loads(r3.text).get("service_uuid_list")), 1)
+        r4 = requests.get("http://127.0.0.1:56001/instantiations")
+        self.assertEqual(len(json.loads(r4.text).get(
+            "service_instantiations_list")), 1)
+
+        # check number of running nodes
+        self.assertTrue(len(self.getContainernetContainers()) == 2)
+        self.assertTrue(len(self.net.hosts) == 4)
+        self.assertTrue(len(self.net.switches) == 2)
+        # check compute list result (considering placement)
+        self.assertEqual(len(self.dc[0].listCompute()), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(len(self.dc[1].listCompute()), 1)
+
+        # stop the service
+        service_instance_uuid = json.loads(
+            r2.text).get("service_instance_uuid")
+        self.assertTrue(service_instance_uuid is not None)
+        requests.delete("http://127.0.0.1:56001/instantiations", data=json.dumps(
+            {"service_uuid": self.service_uuid, "service_instance_uuid": service_instance_uuid}))
+
+        r5 = requests.get("http://127.0.0.1:56001/instantiations")
+        # note that there was 1 instance before
+        self.assertTrue(len(json.loads(r5.text).get(
+            "service_instantiations_list")), 0)
+
+        # stop Mininet network
+        self.stopNet()
+        initialize_GK()